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Kumari S, Pal B, Sahu SK, Prabhakar PK, Tewari D. Adverse events of clenbuterol among athletes: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Int J Legal Med 2023:10.1007/s00414-023-02996-1. [PMID: 37062796 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Clenbuterol is a potent beta-2 agonist widely misused by professional athletes and bodybuilders. Information on clenbuterol associated adverse events is present in case reports and case series, though it may not be readily available. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the evidence of adverse events associated with clenbuterol among athletes. The search strategy was in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched from 1990 to October 2021 to find out the relevant case reports and case series. There were 23 included studies. Using a suitable scale, the included studies' methodological quality analysis was evaluated. In total, 24 athletes experienced adverse events. Oral ingestion of clenbuterol was the most preferred route among them. The daily administered dose of clenbuterol was ranging from 20 µg to 30 mg. Major adverse events experienced by athletes were supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, hypotension, chest pain, myocardial injury, myocarditis, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, hyperglycemia, and death. The cardiac-related complications were the most commonly occurring adverse events. Clenbuterol is notorious to produce life-threatening adverse events including death. Lack of evidence regarding the performance-enhancing effects of clenbuterol combined with its serious toxicities questions the usefulness of this drug in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Biplab Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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Jiang G, Li Y, Liu J, Liu L, Pi F. Progress on aptamer-based SERS sensors for food safety and quality assessment: methodology, current applications and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:783-800. [PMID: 35943403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that food safety has aroused extensive attentions from governments to researchers and to food industries. As a versatile technology based on molecular interactions, aptamer sensors which could specifically identify a wide range of food contaminants have been extensively studied in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy integrated aptamer combines the advantages of both technologies, not only in the ability to specifically identify a wide range of food contaminants, but also in the ultra-high sensitivity, simplicity, portable and speed. To provide beneficial insights into the evaluation techniques in the field of food safety, we offer a comprehensive review on the design strategies for aptamer-SERS sensors in different scenarios, including non-nucleic acid amplification methods ("on/off" mode, sandwich mode, competition model and catalytic model) and nucleic acid amplification methods (hybridization chain reaction, rolling circle amplification, catalytic hairpin assembly). Meanwhile, a special attention is paid to the application of aptamer-SERS sensors in biological (foodborne pathogenic, bacteria and mycotoxins) and chemical contamination (drug residues, metal ions, and food additives) of food matrix. Finally, the challenges and prospects of developing reliable aptamer-SERS sensors for food safety were discussed, which are expected to offer a strong guidance for further development and extended applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Bo X. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger for fast food security detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127014. [PMID: 34461543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Today's rampant abuse of antibiotics and lean meat powder disturbs environment and threatens public human health. Therefore, fast in-site detection of antibiotics or lean meat powder residue could avoid potential risks. In this work, flexible graphene electrodes (FGE) were easily and facilely patterned and prepared by CO2 laser at room environment, which was coupled with a portable electrochemical analyzer for electronic signal transmission. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger can be used for rapid real-time in-site electrochemical identification of chloramphenicol (CAP), clenbuterol (CLB) and ractopamine (RAC) in meat. The electrochemical response of CAP, CLB and RAC is investigated with the limit of detection of 2.70, 1.29 and 7.81 μM and the linear range of 10-200, 5-80 and 25-250 μM in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.0, correspondingly. The minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 20, 10 and 30 μM, respectively, in actual samples of pork. And the minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 10, 5 and 25 μM in milk, respectively. Such an integrated sensing platform enriches application of sensors on finger in food security and provides information that prevents drug containments from entering food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
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Guo Y, Zheng MY, Zhang W, Hu DD. Fluorescent sensing platform based on green luminescence carbon dots and AuNPs for clenbuterol detection in pork liver. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8683-8690. [PMID: 35424808 PMCID: PMC8984920 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, water-soluble green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) were prepared using p-phenylenediamine and glutathione (GSH) as the precursors. The G-CDs exhibit excellent optical properties, and the maximum emission wavelength is located at 522 nm (under 410 nm excitation), which greatly overlaps with the absorption spectrum of AuNPs. Consequently, an effective “off–on” fluorescent sensing platform involved in G-CDs and AuNPs for detection of clenbuterol (CLB) was constructed. The fluorescence of G-CDs was strongly quenched by AuNPs due to the inner filter effect (IFE). As CLB was introduced, the quenched fluorescence intensity was recovered due to the specific interaction between the AuNPs and CLB. The recovered fluorescence intensity is linear to CLB concentration in the range of 13–270 ng mL−1 with a low detection limit of 3.75 ng mL−1. The prepared sensor has been successfully applied for CLB detection in pork liver and could be utilized in food analysis. Carbon dots (G-CDs) with bright green fluorescence are synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of p-phenylenediamine and glutathione. Employing the G-CDs and AuNPs as sensing platform, a simple fluorescence sensor to detect clenbuterol was established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yan Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, P. R. China
| | - Dao Dao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Raja IS, Vedhanayagam M, Preeth DR, Kim C, Lee JH, Han DW. Development of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Based Electrochemical Biosensors on Enhancing the Analysis of Food Toxicants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3277. [PMID: 33806998 PMCID: PMC8005143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, food safety has become a topic of debate as the foodborne diseases triggered by chemical and biological contaminants affect human health and the food industry's profits. Though conventional analytical instrumentation-based food sensors are available, the consumers did not appreciate them because of the drawbacks of complexity, greater number of analysis steps, expensive enzymes, and lack of portability. Hence, designing easy-to-use tests for the rapid analysis of food contaminants has become essential in the food industry. Under this context, electrochemical biosensors have received attention among researchers as they bear the advantages of operational simplicity, portability, stability, easy miniaturization, and low cost. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have a larger surface area to volume compared to other dimensional nanomaterials. Hence, researchers nowadays are inclined to develop 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors to significantly improve the sensor's sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility while measuring the food toxicants. In the present review, we compile the contribution of 2D nanomaterials in electrochemical biosensors to test the food toxicants and discuss the future directions in the field. Further, we describe the types of food toxicity, methodologies quantifying food analytes, how the electrochemical food sensor works, and the general biomedical properties of 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai 600 044, India;
| | - Chuntae Kim
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (I.S.R.); (C.K.)
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Duan N, Qi S, Guo Y, Xu W, Wu S, Wang Z. Fe3O4@Au@Ag nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for sensitive detection of clenbuterol hydrochloride in pork with the use of aptamer binding. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Lu Q, Hou YY, Liu XX, Wang H, Hou JJ, Wei JL, Zhou SS, Liu XY. Construction, expression and functional analysis of anti-clenbuterol codon-optimized scFv recombinant antibody. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110973. [PMID: 31738983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The construction, expression and functional analysis of codon-optimized single-chain variable fragment (coscFv) against clenbuterol (CBL) prepared from the Escherichia coli system is described. First, the ionic concentration for coscFv expression was optimized through single-factor experiments. Then, the extraction conditions of inclusion bodies were optimized, and coscFv was affinity-purified. Finally, the functional analysis of coscFv was elucidated by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) and molecular docking. After optimizing the ionic concentration, the yield of coscFv increased from 21.69% to 23.26%. The molecular weight of coscFv was determined to be approximately 27 kDa according to the SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. The percentage of coscFv was as high as 43.9% after the inclusion bodies were extracted, washed, and dissolved. Functional analysis indicated that the coscFv recognized CBL, and the 50% inhibition average concentration of CBL (IC50) was 4.22 ± 0.01 (n = 3) ng/mL. The binding site between coscFv and CBL consisted of Asp33H, Met34H, Ser50H, Arg52H, Tyr57H, Leu59H, Asp99H, and Tyr93L. Our study confirms that coscFv can bind with CBL through the key amino acid residues and can be used to sensitively detect CBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yao-Yao Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xi-Xia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Jing-Li Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xin-Ya Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
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8
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Garcia CV, Gotah A. Application of QuEChERS for Determining Xenobiotics in Foods of Animal Origin. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:2603067. [PMID: 29435383 PMCID: PMC5757139 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2603067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides and veterinary drugs results in the appearance of residues of xenobiotics in foods. Thus, several methods have been developed for monitoring them; however, most are tedious and expensive. By contrast, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology involves a microextraction that yields small samples and has been applied for the analysis of various xenobiotics including pesticides, antibiotics, and mycotoxins. QuEChERS has shown advantages over other techniques including fast sample preparation, reduced needs for reagents and labware, and versatility. This approach allows the simultaneous determination of pesticides with various polarities and volatilities and can be easily modified for the analysis of a wide range of xenobiotics in various matrices including animal products rich in fat. Nevertheless, to attain high recoveries, the extraction, cleanup, and concentration steps have to be optimized according to the target compounds and matrix. Hence, QuEChERS is a promising and environmentally friendly methodology for the high-throughput routine analysis of xenobiotics in animal products. This review focuses on the application of QuEChERS to foods of animal origin and describes recent developments for the optimization of the analysis of veterinary drugs, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other compounds of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralia V. Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Gotah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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9
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Lv CZ, Xun Y, Cao Z, Xie JL, Li D, Liu G, Yu L, Feng ZM, Yin YL, Tan SZ. Sensitive Determination of Toxic Clenbuterol in Pig Meat and Pig Liver Based on a Carbon Nanopolymer Composite. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Zeng Y, Zhu Z, Du D, Lin Y. Nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for food safety. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Ryan KM, Griffin ÉW, Ryan KJ, Tanveer R, Vanattou-Saifoudine N, McNamee EN, Fallon E, Heffernan S, Harkin A, Connor TJ. Clenbuterol activates the central IL-1 system via the β2-adrenoceptor without provoking inflammatory response related behaviours in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:114-29. [PMID: 26928198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-acting, highly lipophilic, β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol may represent a suitable therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation as it drives an anti-inflammatory response within the CNS. However, clenbuterol is also known to increase the expression of IL-1β in the brain, a potent neuromodulator that plays a role in provoking sickness related symptoms including anxiety and depression-related behaviours. Here we demonstrate that, compared to the immunological stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250μg/kg), clenbuterol (0.5mg/kg) selectively up-regulates expression of the central IL-1 system resulting in a mild stress-like response which is accompanied by a reduction in locomotor activity and food consumption in rats. We provide further evidence that clenbuterol-induced activation of the central IL-1 system occurs in a controlled and selective manner in tandem with its negative regulators IL-1ra and IL-1RII. Furthermore, we demonstrate that peripheral β2-adrenoceptors mediate the suppression of locomotor activity and food consumption induced by clenbuterol and that these effects are not linked to the central induction of IL-1β. Moreover, despite increasing central IL-1β expression, chronic administration of clenbuterol (0.03mg/kg; twice daily for 21days) fails to induce anxiety or depressive-like behaviour in rats in contrast to reports of the ability of exogenously administered IL-1 to induce these symptoms in rodents. Overall, our findings suggest that clenbuterol or other selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists could have the potential to combat neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders without inducing unwanted symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Éadaoin W Griffin
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Katie J Ryan
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Riffat Tanveer
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Natacha Vanattou-Saifoudine
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin N McNamee
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Emer Fallon
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thomas J Connor
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology & School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hatefi A, Towhidi A, Zali A, Zeinoaldini S, Ganjkhanlou M, Plascencia A. Effects of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride (β2-agonist) supplementation on finishing castrated male goats: metabolic endocrine, blood constituents, plasma volume, respiratory rate and cardiac changes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1209211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hatefi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Towhidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Zali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - S. Zeinoaldini
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M. Ganjkhanlou
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Plascencia
- Institute for Research in Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
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13
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Caglar Andac S. Determination of Drugs by Online Column-Switching Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1641-1647. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Qiao F, Wang M. Preparation of selective magnetic dispersive solid-phase sorbent and its application for recognition clenbuterol from bovine urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Valese AC, Oliveira GA, Kleemann CR, Molognoni L, Daguer H. A QuEChERS/LC–MS method for the analysis of ractopamine in pork. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Vulić A, Durgo K, Pleadin J, Herceg L, Kopjar N. Mutagenicity and DNA-damaging potential of clenbuterol and its metabolite 4-amino-3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 77:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Li M, Liu H, Sun L, Gao W, Wang D. Adverse effects from clenbuterol and ractopamine on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85482. [PMID: 24465573 PMCID: PMC3897430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans assay system to investigate in vivo toxicity from clentuberol and ractopamine and the possible underlying mechanism. Both acute and prolonged exposures to clentuberol or ractopamine decreased brood size and locomotion behavior, and induced intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although acute exposure to the examined concentrations of clentuberol or ractopamine did not induce lethality, prolonged exposure to 10 µg/L of clentuberol and ractopamine reduced lifespan. At relatively high concentrations, ractopamine exhibited more severe toxicity than clentuberol on nematodes. Overexpression of sod-2 gene encoding a Mn-SOD to prevent induction of oxidative stress effectively inhibited toxicity from clentuberol or ractopamine. Besides oxidative stress, we found that clentuberol might reduce lifespan through influencing insulin/IGF signaling pathway; however, ractopamine might reduce lifespan through affecting both insulin/IGF signaling pathway and TOR signaling pathway. Ractopamine more severely decreased expression levels of daf-16, sgk-1, skn-1, and aak-2 genes than clentuberol, and increased expression levels of daf-2 and age-1 genes at the examined concentration. Therefore, the C. elegans assay system may be useful for assessing the possible toxicity from weight loss agents, and clentuberol and ractopamine may induce toxicity through different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Zhuang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haicui Liu
- Xiuli Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Changzhou, China
| | - Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Bai W, Huang H, Li Y, Zhang H, Liang B, Guo R, Du L, Zhang Z. Direct preparation of well-dispersed graphene/gold nanorod composites and their application in electrochemical sensors for determination of ractopamine. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hirosawa I, Ishikawa M, Ogino M, Ito H, Hirao T, Yamada H, Asahi M, Kotaki H, Sai Y, Miyamoto KI. Enantioselective disposition of clenbuterol in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013; 35:207-17. [PMID: 24323748 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist and bronchodilator that is used for the treatment of asthma, but the desired activities reside almost exclusively in the (-)-R-enantiomer. This study examined enantioselectivity in the disposition of clenbuterol following administration of clenbuterol racemate to rats. Concentrations of clenbuterol enantiomers in plasma, urine and bile were determined by LC-MS/MS assay with a Chirobiotic T column. This method was confirmed to show high sensitivity, specificity and precision, and clenbuterol enantiomers in 0.1 ml volumes of plasma were precisely quantified at concentrations as low as 0.25 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic profiles of clenbuterol enantiomers following intravenous and intraduodenal administration of clenbuterol racemate (2 mg/kg) in rats were significantly different. The distribution volume of (-)-R-clenbuterol (9.17 l/kg) was significantly higher than that of (+)-S-clenbuterol (4.14 l/kg). The total body clearance of (-)-R-clenbuterol (13.5 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher than that of the (+)-S-enantiomer (11.5 ml/min/kg). An in situ absorption study in jejunal loops showed no difference in the residual amount between the (-)-R- and (+)-S-enantiomers. Urinary clearance was the same for the two enantiomers, but biliary excretion of (-)-R-clenbuterol was higher than that of the (+)-S-enantiomer. The fractions of free (non-protein-bound) (-)-R- and (+)-S-clenbuterol in rat plasma were 48.8% and 33.1%, respectively. These results indicated that there are differences in the distribution and excretion of the clenbuterol enantiomers, and these may be predominantly due to enantioselective protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iori Hirosawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Jia JY, Zhang LN, Lu YL, Zhang MQ, Liu GY, Liu YM, Lu C, Li SJ, Lu Y, Zhang RW, Yu C. Hair analysis, a reliable and non-invasive method to evaluate the contamination by clenbuterol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 93:186-190. [PMID: 23607973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of clenbuterol has been an increasingly serious issue in today's livestock products industry. It becomes an important project to develop a reliable approach to detect its content in food animals. A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed to detect clenbuterol residue in hair, with the low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) about 0.5ng/g. Hogs fed with 340µg/day of clenbuterol for 2 weeks were found a high clenbuterol residue in their hair approximately at 1-2 months after withdrawal. There remained 3.31ng/g clenbuterol in hog hair approximately 5 months after the last administration, focused on the tip of the hair (mainly in hogs with dark hair). An extensive contamination was observed in twenty investigated market hogs whose dark hair obviously had a higher clenbuterol residue than the light ones (p=0.017, t test). Volunteers (60.3 percent) from Xuhui district (Shanghai) were found to have a detectable amount of clenbuterol in their hair (>0.5ng/g). In conclusion, hair residue detection is a reliable method to evaluate the clenbuterol contamination in animals and humans. Meat supply in the Xuhui district might have serious potential safety risks which should be further investigated and discussed to determine the safety range of clenbuterol residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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Qiao F, Du J. Rapid screening of clenbuterol hydrochloride in chicken samples by molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Acute Clenbuterol Induces Hypotension, Atrioventricular Block and Cardiac Asystole in the Rabbit. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 13:85-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xiao F, Lai Y, Zhang N, Bai J, Xian Y, Jin L. Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Array Based on Thioglycolic Acid Capped CdS Quantum Dots for Multiplexed Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Luo Y, Huang P, Fu Q, Du W, Sun S, Li Y, Liu M, Chang C. Preparation of Monolithic Imprinted Stationary Phase for Clenbuterol by In Situ Polymerization and Application in Biological Samples Pretreatment. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Geng Y, Zhang M, Yuan W, Xiang B. Modified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of clenbuterol in swine urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1006-12. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Determination of clenbuterol in porcine tissues using solid-phase extraction combined with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC–UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:90-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bouyssou T, Hoenke C, Rudolf K, Lustenberger P, Pestel S, Sieger P, Lotz R, Heine C, Büttner FH, Schnapp A, Konetzki I. Discovery of olodaterol, a novel inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonist with a 24h bronchodilatory efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:1410-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vasilenko O, Staroverov S, Yermilov D, Pristensky D, Shchyogolev SY, Dykman L. Obtainment of Polyclonal Antibodies to Clenbuterol with the Use of Colloidal Gold. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:563-8. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970701691033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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