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Bt and G10evo-EPSPS Protein Expressed in ZDAB3 Corn Has No Impact on Nutritional Composition and Toxicological Safety. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops expressing insecticidal and herbicide-tolerant traits provide a new approach to agriculture production, but concerns about food safety were often raised by the public. The present research shows the findings of the nutritional assessment of ZDAB3 expressing insecticidal Cry proteins (Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab) and EPSPS protein (G10evo-EPSPS). The key nutrients and anti-nutrients of ZDAB3 maize were examined and contrasted with those of its non-transgenic control maize grown at the same locations during three planting seasons. The values for proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitor assessed for ZDAB3 were comparable to those of its non-transgenic control maize or within the range of values reported for other commercial lines. In addition, no adverse effects related to the G10evo-EPSPS protein in mammals were observed. These data indicated that the expression of Cry1Ab, Cry2Ab, and G10evo-EPSPS proteins in ZDAB3 maize does not affect the nutritional compositions, and ZDAB3 maize is equivalent to non-transgenic maize regarding those important compositions.
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Zhang X, Hou C, Liu S, Liu R, Yin X, Liu X, Ma H, Wen J, Zhou R, Yin N, Jian Y, Liu S, Wang J. Effects of transgenic Bacillus Thuringiensis maize (2A-7) on the growth and development in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112694. [PMID: 34813927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of genetically modified insect-resistant maize (2A-7) on the growth and development in developing rats. Rats were fed a diet formulated with 2A-7 maize and were compared with rats fed a diet formulated with non-transgenic maize (CK group) and rats fed AIN-93G diet (BC group). 2A-7 maize was formulated into diets at ratios of 82.4% (H group) and 20.6% (L group); non-transgenic maize was formulated into diets at a ratio of 82.4%. From the first day of pregnancy, adult rats were divided into four groups and fed with the above four diets, respectively. Weaning on postnatal day 21, the diets of offspring were consistent with their parents. The results showed that body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, organ coefficients and allergenicity of offspring fed with 2A-7 maize were comparable with those in the CK and BC groups. In physiological and behavioral development experiments, there was no statistically significant difference among groups. Although mCry1Ab proteins were detected in organs and serum, no histopathological changes were observed among groups. In conclusion, A-7 maize cause no treatment-related adverse effects on offspring, indicating that 2A-7 maize is safe for developing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Xueqian Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Jian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Koch MS, DeSesso JM, Williams AL, Michalek S, Hammond B. Adaptation of the ToxRTool to Assess the Reliability of Toxicology Studies Conducted with Genetically Modified Crops and Implications for Future Safety Testing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:512-26. [PMID: 25208336 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.788994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the reliability of food safety studies carried out in rodents with genetically modified (GM) crops, a Food Safety Study Reliability Tool (FSSRTool) was adapted from the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods' (ECVAM) ToxRTool. Reliability was defined as the inherent quality of the study with regard to use of standardized testing methodology, full documentation of experimental procedures and results, and the plausibility of the findings. Codex guidelines for GM crop safety evaluations indicate toxicology studies are not needed when comparability of the GM crop to its conventional counterpart has been demonstrated. This guidance notwithstanding, animal feeding studies have routinely been conducted with GM crops, but their conclusions on safety are not always consistent. To accurately evaluate potential risks from GM crops, risk assessors need clearly interpretable results from reliable studies. The development of the FSSRTool, which provides the user with a means of assessing the reliability of a toxicology study to inform risk assessment, is discussed. Its application to the body of literature on GM crop food safety studies demonstrates that reliable studies report no toxicologically relevant differences between rodents fed GM crops or their non-GM comparators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Koch
- a Monsanto Company, Product Safety Center , St. Louis , Missouri , USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne Michalek
- c Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Bruce Hammond
- a Monsanto Company, Product Safety Center , St. Louis , Missouri , USA
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Koch MS, Ward JM, Levine SL, Baum JA, Vicini JL, Hammond BG. The food and environmental safety of Bt crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 25972882 PMCID: PMC4413729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microbial pesticides have a 50-year history of safety in agriculture. Cry proteins are among the active insecticidal ingredients in these pesticides, and genes coding for Cry proteins have been introduced into agricultural crops using modern biotechnology. The Cry gene sequences are often modified to enable effective expression in planta and several Cry proteins have been modified to increase biological activity against the target pest(s). Additionally, the domains of different but structurally conserved Cry proteins can be combined to produce chimeric proteins with enhanced insecticidal properties. Environmental studies are performed and include invertebrates, mammals, and avian species. Mammalian studies used to support the food and feed safety assessment are also used to support the wild mammal assessment. In addition to the NTO assessment, the environmental assessment includes a comparative assessment between the Bt crop and the appropriate conventional control that is genetically similar but lacks the introduced trait to address unintended effects. Specific phenotypic, agronomic, and ecological characteristics are measured in the Bt crop and the conventional control to evaluate whether the introduction of the insect resistance has resulted in any changes that might cause ecological harm in terms of altered weed characteristics, susceptibility to pests, or adverse environmental impact. Additionally, environmental interaction data are collected in field experiments for Bt crop to evaluate potential adverse effects. Further to the agronomic and phenotypic evaluation, potential movement of transgenes from a genetically modified crop plants into wild relatives is assessed for a new pest resistance gene in a new crop. This review summarizes the evidence for safety of crops containing Cry proteins for humans, livestock, and other non-target organisms.
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Koch MS, Ward JM, Levine SL, Baum JA, Vicini JL, Hammond BG. The food and environmental safety of Bt crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 25972882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microbial pesticides have a 50-year history of safety in agriculture. Cry proteins are among the active insecticidal ingredients in these pesticides, and genes coding for Cry proteins have been introduced into agricultural crops using modern biotechnology. The Cry gene sequences are often modified to enable effective expression in planta and several Cry proteins have been modified to increase biological activity against the target pest(s). Additionally, the domains of different but structurally conserved Cry proteins can be combined to produce chimeric proteins with enhanced insecticidal properties. Environmental studies are performed and include invertebrates, mammals, and avian species. Mammalian studies used to support the food and feed safety assessment are also used to support the wild mammal assessment. In addition to the NTO assessment, the environmental assessment includes a comparative assessment between the Bt crop and the appropriate conventional control that is genetically similar but lacks the introduced trait to address unintended effects. Specific phenotypic, agronomic, and ecological characteristics are measured in the Bt crop and the conventional control to evaluate whether the introduction of the insect resistance has resulted in any changes that might cause ecological harm in terms of altered weed characteristics, susceptibility to pests, or adverse environmental impact. Additionally, environmental interaction data are collected in field experiments for Bt crop to evaluate potential adverse effects. Further to the agronomic and phenotypic evaluation, potential movement of transgenes from a genetically modified crop plants into wild relatives is assessed for a new pest resistance gene in a new crop. This review summarizes the evidence for safety of crops containing Cry proteins for humans, livestock, and other non-target organisms.
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Do genetically modified crops affect animal reproduction? A review of the ongoing debate. Animal 2012; 5:1048-59. [PMID: 22440100 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110002776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, genetically modified (GM) crops aimed at producing food/feed that became part of the regular agriculture in many areas of the world. However, we are uncertain whether GM food and feed can exert potential adverse effects on humans or animals. Of importance, the reproductive toxicology of GM crops has been studied using a number of methods, and by feeding GM crops to a number species of animals to ensure the safety assessment of GM food and feed. It appears that there are no adverse effects of GM crops on many species of animals in acute and short-term feeding studies, but serious debates of effects of long-term and multigenerational feeding studies remain. The aims of this review are to focus on the latest (last 3 to 4 years) findings and debates on reproduction of male and female animals after feeding daily diets containing the GM crops, and to present the possible mechanism(s) to explain their influences.
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Xu W, Cao S, He X, Luo Y, Guo X, Yuan Y, Huang K. Safety assessment of Cry1Ab/Ac fusion protein. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Applications (EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐MON810) for renewal of authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, all under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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