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Chhabria S, Mathur S, Vadakan S, Sahoo DK, Mishra P, Paital B. A review on phytochemical and pharmacological facets of tropical ethnomedicinal plants as reformed DPP-IV inhibitors to regulate incretin activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1027237. [PMID: 36440220 PMCID: PMC9691845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1027237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder resulting from impaired insulin secretion and resistance. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV is an enzyme known to trigger the catalysis of insulinotropic hormones, further abating the endogenous insulin levels and elevating the glucose levels in blood plasma. In the field of drug development, DPP-IV inhibitors have opened up numerous opportunities for leveraging this target to generate compounds as hypoglycemic agents by regulating incretin activity and subsequently decreasing blood glucose levels. However, the practice of synthetic drugs is an apparent choice but poses a great pharmacovigilance issue due to their incessant undesirable effects. The ideology was set to inventively look upon different ethnomedicinal plants for their anti-diabetic properties to address these issues. To date, myriads of phytochemicals are characterized, eliciting an anti-diabetic response by targeting various enzymes and augmenting glucose homeostasis. Antioxidants have played a crucial role in alleviating the symptoms of diabetes by scavenging free radicals or treating the underlying causes of metabolic disorders and reducing free radical formation. Plant-based DPP-IV inhibitors, including alkaloids, phenolic acid, flavonoids, quercetin, and coumarin, also possess antioxidant capabilities, providing anti-diabetic and antioxidative protection. This review article provides a new gateway for exploring the ability of plant-based DPP-IV inhibitors to withstand oxidative stress under pathological conditions related to diabetes and for reforming the strategic role of ethnomedicinal plants as potent DPP-IV inhibitors through the development of polyherbal formulations and nanophytomedicines to regulate incretin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chhabria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shivangi Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
- Department of Biotechnology, President Science College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sebastian Vadakan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Biswaranjan Paital, ; Dipak Kumar Sahoo, ;
| | - Pragnyashree Mishra
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Chipilima, Sambalpur, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Biswaranjan Paital, ; Dipak Kumar Sahoo, ;
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Umbaugh DS, Jaeschke H. Extracellular vesicles: Roles and applications in drug-induced liver injury. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 102:63-125. [PMID: 34044913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are defined as nanosized particles, with a lipid bilayer, that are unable to replicate. There has been an exponential increase of research investigating these particles in a wide array of diseases and deleterious states (inflammation, oxidative stress, drug-induced liver injury) in large part due to increasing recognition of the functional capacity of EVs. Cells can package lipids, proteins, miRNAs, DNA, and RNA into EVs and send these discrete packages of molecular information to distant, recipient cells to alter the physiological state of that cell. EVs are innately heterogeneous as a result of the diverse molecular pathways that are used to generate them. However, this innate heterogeneity of EVs is amplified due to the diversity in isolation techniques and lack of standardized nomenclature in the literature making it unclear if one scientist's "exosome" is another scientist's "microvesicle." One goal of this chapter is to provide the contextual understanding of EV origin so one can discern between divergent nomenclature. Further, the chapter will explore the potential protective and harmful roles that EVs play in DILI, and the potential of EVs and their cargo as a biomarker. The use of EVs as a therapeutic as well as a vector for therapeutic delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Goudarzi M, Fatemi I, Siahpoosh A, Sezavar SH, Mansouri E, Mehrzadi S. Protective Effect of Ellagic Acid Against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Cardio- and Hematotoxicity in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:337-345. [PMID: 29383632 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic constituent in certain fruits and nuts with wide range of biological activities, including potent antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimutagen properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EA on sodium arsenic (SA)-induced cardio- and hematotoxicity in rats. Animals were divided into five groups. The first group was used as control. Group 2 was orally treated with sodium arsenite (SA, 10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Group 3 was orally treated with EA (30 mg/kg) for 14 days. Groups 4 and 5 were orally treated with SA for 7 days prior to EA (10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively) treatment and continued up to 21 days simultaneous with SA administration. Various biochemical, histological and molecular biomarkers were assessed in blood and heart. The results indicate that SA-intoxicated rats display significantly higher levels of plasma cardiac markers (AST, CK-MB, LDH and cTnI) than normal control animals. Moreover, an increase in MDA and NO with depletion of GSH and activities of CAT, SOD and GPx occurred in the heart of rats treated with SA. Furthermore, SA-treated rats showed significantly lower WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT and significantly higher MCV and MCH. Administration of EA (30 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reversal of hematological and cardiac markers in arsenic-intoxicated rats. These biochemical disturbances were supported by histopathological observations of the heart. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that EA treatment exerts a significant protective effect on SA-induced cardio- and hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Siahpoosh
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hashem Sezavar
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pistacia lentiscus oil attenuates memory dysfunction and decreases levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:140-147. [PMID: 29715489 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus L. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of Pistacia lentiscus oil (PLo) of has not been reported. The present study was designed to examine the neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of PLo aigainst lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory impairment and oxidative damage in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups. The first group was kept as a control. In the second group, LPS was given at the single dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.). In the third group, PLo (3.3 mL/kg; per orally (p.o.)) was administered daily for 15 days, and challenged with LPS (1 mg/kg; i.p. injection two h before behavioral test). Thereafter, memory was assessed using spatial object recognition test. Cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress response were estimated in brain tissues and liver. PLo attenuated LPS-induced memory impairment in spatial object recognition test (p < 0.05). LPS treatment caused significant oxidative damage via induction of lipid peroxidation and reductions antioxidant defense system potency in the brain tissue and liver. Moreover, LPS increased brain activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the liver. The present results suggest that the beneficial effects of PLo on memory impairment of LPS-treated rats may be due to its protective effects against oxidative stress damage presumably via its antioxidant property.
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Royo F, Palomo L, Mleczko J, Gonzalez E, Alonso C, Martínez I, Pérez-Cormenzana M, Castro A, Falcon-Perez JM. Metabolically active extracellular vesicles released from hepatocytes under drug-induced liver-damaging conditions modify serum metabolome and might affect different pathophysiological processes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 98:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Aruna P, Venkataramanamma D, Singh AK, Singh RP. Health Benefits of Punicic Acid: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:16-27. [PMID: 33371578 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Punicic acid (PA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (18:3 n-5), which is classified as a conjugated linolenic acid. PA is also referred as a "super CLnA" whose effect is even more potent than that of an ordinary CLnA. It is found mainly in the seeds of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) and Trichoxanthes kirilowii and some other minor sources. It possesses a wide array of biological properties including antidiabetic, antiobesity, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic activity against various forms of cancer. In spite of this, PA has not been explored as a nutraceutical or as an ingredient of food products which can be aimed at specific consumer target groups. This review details the various health-beneficial properties of PA and explores the possibilities of its utilization as an active ingredient in various food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aruna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - D Venkataramanamma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - R P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,the Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Inst, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
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Klibet F, Boumendjel A, Khiari M, El Feki A, Abdennour C, Messarah M. Oxidative stress-related liver dysfunction by sodium arsenite: Alleviation by Pistacia lentiscus oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:354-363. [PMID: 25946016 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1043562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pistacia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) is an evergreen shrub widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region. Pistacia lentiscus oil (PLo) was particularly known in North African traditional medicine. Thus, people of these regions have used it externally to treat sore throats, burns and wounds, as well as they employed it internally for respiratory allergies. PLo is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin E and polyphenols. As a very active site of metabolism, liver is reported to be susceptible to arsenic (As) intoxication. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the protective effect of PLo against sodium arsenite-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in experimental Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups; the first served as a control, the remaining groups were respectively treated with PLo (3.3 mL/kg body weight), sodium arsenite (5.55 mg/kg body weight) and a combination of sodium arsenite and PLo. After 21 consecutive days, cellular functions were evaluated by hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS A significant decrease in the levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin (p ≤ 0.001), hematocrit (p ≤ 0.001), reduced glutathione and metallothionein (p ≤ 0.05) associated with a significant increase of malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.001) were noticed in the arsenic-exposed group when compared to the control. The As-treated group also exhibited an increase in hepatic antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (p ≤ 0.01) and catalase (p ≤ 0.05). However, the co-administration of PLo has relatively reduced arsenic effect. CONCLUSION The results showed that arsenic intoxication disturbed the liver pro-oxidant/antioxidant status. PLo co-administration mitigates arsenic-induced oxidative damage in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Klibet
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology , and
| | - Amel Boumendjel
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology , and
| | - Mohamed Khiari
- b Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences , University of Badji Mokhtar , Annaba , Algeria
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- c Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences , Sfax , Tunisia , and
| | - Cherif Abdennour
- d Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Badji Mokhtar , Annaba , Algeria
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Yuan GF, Chen XE, Li D. Conjugated linolenic acids and their bioactivities: a review. Food Funct 2015; 5:1360-8. [PMID: 24760201 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecatrienoic acid (α-linolenic acid, cis9,cis12,cis15-18:3 n-3) found in plant seeds. Three 8,10,12-18:3 isomers and four 9,11,13-18:3 isomers have been reported to occur naturally. CLNA isomers such as punicic acid, α-eleostearic acid and jacaric acid have been attributed to exhibit several health benefits that are largely based on animal and in vitro studies. This review has summarized and updated the evidence regarding the metabolism and bioactivities of CLNA isomers, and comprehensively discussed the recent studies on the effects of anti-carcinogenic, lipid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and antioxidant activities of CLNA isomers. The available results may provide a potential application for CLNA isomers from natural sources, especially edible plant seeds, as effective functional food ingredients and dietary supplements for the above mentioned disease management. Further research, especially human randomized clinical trials, is warranted to investigate the detailed physiological effects, bioactivity and molecular mechanism of CLNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Yuan
- College of Food and Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Franczyk-Żarów M, Czyżyńska I, Drahun A, Maślak E, Chłopicki S, Kostogrys RB. Margarine supplemented with conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) has no effect on atherosclerosis but alleviates the liver steatosis and affects the expression of lipid metabolism genes in apoE/LDLR-/-mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Izabela Czyżyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Drahun
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
| | - Edyta Maślak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET); Kraków Poland
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET); Kraków Poland
| | - Renata B. Kostogrys
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology; University of Agriculture; Kraków Poland
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Comparative prophylactic effects of α-eleostearic acid rich nano and conventional emulsions in induced diabetic rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 51:1724-36. [PMID: 25190828 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work entailed perspicacious fabrication of Bitter Gourd Seed Oil Nanoemulsion (BGO-NE) for increasing bioavailability of CLnA in oxidative stress induced in vivo system. The BGO-NE was characterized and evaluated for dimensional as well as rheological changes periodically during a 12 week storage period. BGO comprising ∼50 % α-eleostearic acid, was assessed in conventional and NE formulation at different doses, for its ability to stimulate antioxidative enzyme marker paradigm comprising SOD, GPx, CAT and GSH, inherent to the subjects under study. The formulated BGO-NE (d < 100 nm) was found to be stable for 12 weeks compared to BGO-CE as was determined by particle size characterization and associated parameters. Diet supplementation of 0.5 % (w/v) BGO-NE formulation exhibited maximum efficiency in countering oxidative stress as compared to 1 % BGO-NE formulation and equivalent doses of BGO-CE. Higher efficacy at very low dose of the nano-sized formulation was thus, also established. Histopathological data from liver, pancreas and kidney sections corroborated the above findings. The present study with formulated BGO-NE and BGO-CE evaluates and confirms the implications of a NE formulation of a bioactive lipid - conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), targeting specific in vivo processes to counter the negative influence of excess ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the system. It, thus presents itself as a potent nutraceutical against diabetes mellitus in an optimized delivery system.
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Protective effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal toxicity in rat model. Nutrition 2013; 29:903-10. [PMID: 23422533 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA), present in vegetable oils against arsenite-induced renal oxidative stress. METHODS Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was control and group 2 was treated with sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW). Rats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with mixture of α-eleostearic acid and punicic acid (1:1) (0.5% and 1.0%, respectively), whereas rats in the groups 5 and 6 were treated with 0.5% of α-eleostearic acid and 0.5% of punicic acid, respectively, along with Sa by oral gavage once daily. RESULTS Results revealed that activity of antioxidant enzymes and total reduced glutathione content, total protein content, and phospholipid content in kidney were decreased significantly in arsenite-treated group compared with control. Activity of nitric oxide synthase, peroxidation of lipid, protein oxidation, total cholesterol content, total lipid content of kidney, and plasma creatinine level were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in arsenite-treated rats compared with control. Fatty-acid composition of renal lipids showed significant decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, and increase in saturated fatty acid content due to oxidative stress. PUFA such as γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid decreased significantly with significant (P < 0.05) increase in arachidonic acid content after Sa treatment. Administration of blended product of both the isomers caused better restoration of renal fatty acids and other altered parameters. CONCLUSION CLnA isomers caused amelioration of renal oxidative stress and the isomers showed synergistic activity.
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Saha SS, Dasgupta P, Sengupta (Bandyopadhyay) S, Ghosh M. Synergistic effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against induced oxidative stress, inflammation and erythrocyte membrane disintegrity in rat model. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1951-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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In vitro antioxidant study of vegetable oils containing conjugated linolenic acid isomers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:974-83. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of α-eleostearic acid and punicic acid, two isomers of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) present in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and snake gourd oil (Trichosanthes anguina), respectively, against oxidative stress, inflammatory challenge and aberration in erythrocyte morphology due to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Male albino rats were divided into four groups consisting of eight animals in each group. The first group served as control and diabetes was induced in rats in groups 2–4 by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Moreover, rats in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 0·5 % of α-eleostearic acid and 0·5 % of punicic acid of the total lipid given, respectively, by oral administration once per d. After administration, CLnA isomers had significantly reduced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, NO synthase level in pancreas, blood and erythrocyte lysate. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay of plasma showed that CLnA treatment caused improvement in the FRAP value which was altered after STZ treatment due to an increased level of free radicals. Expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in blood and expression of hepatic NF-κB (p65) increased significantly after STZ treatment due to increased inflammation which was restored with the administration of CLnA isomers. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that α-eleostearic acid and punicic acid showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with varying effectivity.
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Saha SS, Chakraborty A, Ghosh S, Ghosh M. Comparative study of hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against induced biochemical perturbations and aberration in erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:483-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Elibal B, Suzen HF, Aksoy HA, Ustun G, Tuter M. Production of structured lipids containing conjugated linolenic acid: optimisation by response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Antioxidant effect of vegetable oils containing conjugated linolenic acid isomers against induced tissue lipid peroxidation and inflammation in rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:109-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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