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Wolstenholme JT, Duong NK, Brocato ER, Bajaj JS. Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:01. [PMID: 38322428 PMCID: PMC10843328 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "alcohol." SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nikki K. Duong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
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Dong Y, Wei Z, Yang R, Zhang Y, Sun M, Bai H, Mo M, Yao C, Li H, Shi L. Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil Extracted from Eight Thyme Species and Potential Biological Functions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4164. [PMID: 38140491 PMCID: PMC10747983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Thymus is an herbaceous perennial or subshrub of the Lamiaceae family and is widely distributed worldwide. Essential oils extracted from thymus have attracted much attention, owing to their potential biological functions. Here, we evaluated the chemical compositions of eight thyme essential oils (TEOs) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and assessed their antioxidant activity. The results showed that (1) the main components in eight TEOs were monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes (84.26-92.84%), and the chemical compositions of the TEOs were affected by the specie factor; (2) eight TEOs could be divided into three groups (thymol-, geraniol-, and nerol acetate-types), and thymol was the main type; (3) eight TEOs had some common compounds, such as thymol and p-cymene, which were the main components in seven TEOs; (4) eight TEOs had antioxidant activity, and Thymus pulegioides, Thymus thracicus, and Thymus serpyllum EOs had stronger antioxidant activity than vitamin E (0.07-0.27 fold) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, while Thymus quinquecostatus and Thymus longicaulis EOs had relatively weak antioxidant activity. In addition, three chemical type standards were used to evaluate potential roles in antibacterial and tumor therapy. The results showed that thymol had strong antibacterial activity against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antimigratory activity for A549 cell. Overall, our results can provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the function of natural products from thyme essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meiling Mo
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China; (M.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Y.D.); (Z.W.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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Han EJ, Im ST, Ahn G, Lee SH. Radio-protective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract in mice. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 199:110881. [PMID: 37267776 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak (TQC) is an aromatic herb, that possesses a wide range of biological properties. In the present study, we investigated the radio-protective effect of TQC water extract (TQCW) in gamma ray-exposed splenocytes, a peripheral immune cell and mice. Our results showed that the treatment with TQCW dose-dependently increased the viability of splenocytes. TQCW significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 2 Gy-exposed splenocytes. Moreover, TQCW enhanced the hemopoietic system as increasing the number of endogenous spleen colony-forming units, and the number and the proliferation of splenocytes in 7 Gy-exposed mice. These results suggest that TQCW protects mice by enhancing the splenocytes proliferation and hemopoietic systems following exposure to gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Im
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Sun M, Zhang Y, Bai H, Sun G, Zhang J, Shi L. Population diversity analyses provide insights into key horticultural traits of Chinese native thymes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac262. [PMID: 36778183 PMCID: PMC9907056 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chinese native thymes (CNTs) in the genus Thymus (family Lamiaceae) are rich in bioactive terpenes, which exert antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, immunological, and antimicrobial effects. Plants exhibit morphological variation, including erect-type and creeping-type growth forms; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying important horticultural traits have not been determined. Here, we collected 39 CNTs providing strategic plant resources for studies of lignin, terpenoids, and glandular trichomes of thymes. Using resequencing data as well as phenotypic, metabonomic, phylogenetic, population genetic, and transcriptomic analyses, we identified and characterized key genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis, and glandular trichome formation. We found many regulatory genes or transcription factors related to these three important horticultural traits, including genes encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), terpene synthase (TPS), v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB), and homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP). Population diversity analyses provided insights into growth form, terpenoid, and glandular trichome evolution in CNTs. Furthermore, our results revealed that T. mongolicus accessions might be wild ancestors, and T. quinquecostatus, T. quinquecostatus var. asiaticus, and T. quinquecostatus var. przewalskii might be transitional accessions that derived from T. mongolicus accessions. Finally, T. nervulosus, T. inaequalis, T. mandschuricus, T. curtus, T. amurensis, T. proximus, T. altaicus, T. roseus, and T. marschallianus showed high divergence. We found evidence for introgression between erect-type European cultivated thymes and CNTs. These findings improve our understanding of the determinants of variation in horticultural traits and provide candidate loci for research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guofeng Sun
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Lei Shi
- Corresponding author. E-mail: ,
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An F, Ren G, Wu J, Cao K, Li M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Song M, Wu R. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Lonicera japonica Thunb. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1035760. [PMID: 36386958 PMCID: PMC9664063 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1035760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide (HEP-4) with a molecular weight of 1.98 × 105Da was extracted from honeysuckle. Structural characterization was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, nucleus magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that HEP-4 is primarily composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a mole ratio of 6.74:1.56:1.04:14.21:4.31:5.4, and the major types of the glycosidic bond types of HEP-4 were 1-α-D-Glcp, 1,4-β-D-Glcp, 1-β-D-Arap, 1,3,4-β-D-Arap, and 1,3,6-β-D-Manp. The results of bioactivity experiments revealed that HEP-4 had antioxidant in vitro. In addition, HEP-4 inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative damage and increased the activity of HepG2 cells by reducing MDA levels and inhibiting ROS production. Meanwhile, HEP-4 significantly enhanced the activities of GSH-Px and CAT, indicating that HEP-4 exerts a protective effect on H2O2-induced oxidative stress. These results indicate that HEP-4 could be a potential natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Ren
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaixin Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mo Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meijun Song
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Rina Wu,
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Kim M, Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim S. Variations in the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Native Populations of Korean Thyme, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Molecules 2022; 27:7203. [PMID: 36364030 PMCID: PMC9658411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) contains numerous medicinally important species. Among them, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. has been extensively utilized as a traditional medicine and a food flavoring agent in the Korean peninsula, owing to its unique aroma. In particular, T. quinquecostatus has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, inflammation, stomach problems, liver disease, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, and menstrual problems. This study aimed to investigate the chemical diversity of essential oils among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. For this purpose, seedlings of T. quinquecostatus populations were purchased from different regions in the Korean Peninsula, and seedlings were grown in the experimental field under the same environmental conditions. The chemical compositions of steam-distilled essential oils were determined using GC-MS. In total, 212 components were identified from 103 populations of T. quinquecostatus. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to understand variations in the essential oil compositions among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. According to the essential oil compositions, 30 components were selected for PCA. Based on the most abundant essential oil components, four chemotypes were identified in T. quinquecostatus populations. PCA and cluster analyses revealed that 103 individuals of T. quinquecostatus could be classified into four clusters, such as thymol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, and linalool. Furthermore, dendrogram construction demonstrated that geraniol and geranyl acetate, as well as linalool and thymol groups, were closely related. This study suggested the significant chemical polymorphism of essential oils in local populations of T. quinquecostatus in Korea. It could be concluded that the intraspecific variations in the essential oil compositions may be associated with genetic diversity among the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Kim M, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. The Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134251. [PMID: 35807496 PMCID: PMC9268194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. (Korean name: bak-ri-hyang) is an important medicinal and aromatic herb in Korea, which is named for the spread of its fragrance over a distance of approximately 40 km. In traditional Korean systems of medicine, T. quinquecostatus has been used to treat cancer, constipation, hepatic disease, arteriosclerosis, poor circulation in women, constipation, and menstrual irregularities. At present, T. quinquecostatus is used only for ornamental and ground cover purposes. A literature search was conducted to retrieve information regarding the essential oil composition and biological properties of T. quinquecostatus from PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, and other literature databases. T. quinquecostatus can be divided into different chemotypes, such as γ-terpinene, thymol, phenol, carvacrol, and geraniol, according to the presence of major components in its essential oil. Further, the essential oil from T. quinquecostatus has been reported to possess various therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sleep prolonging, soothing, skin protection and whitening, anti-aging, anti-obesity, and anti-acne properties. In conclusion, this review will be helpful for utilizing the T. quinquecostatus plant in different industries including food, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfumery, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6447
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Zhang D, Jiang Y, Xiang M, Wu F, Sun M, Du X, Chen L. Biocompatible Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles for Lycopene Encapsulation Attenuate Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Damage. Front Nutr 2022; 9:902208. [PMID: 35711553 PMCID: PMC9197169 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.902208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lycopene was successfully encapsulated in polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PEC NPs) fabricated with a negatively charged polysaccharide, TLH-3, and a positively charged sodium caseinate (SC) via electrostatic interactions. Results showed that the lycopene-loaded PEC NPs were spherical in shape, have a particle size of 241 nm, have a zeta potential of −23.6 mV, and have encapsulation efficiency of 93.6%. Thus, lycopene-loaded PEC NPs could serve as effective lycopene carriers which affected the physicochemical characteristics of the encapsulated lycopene and improved its water dispersibility, storage stability, antioxidant capacity, and sustained release ability in aqueous environments when compared with the free lycopene. Moreover, encapsulated lycopene could enhance the cells' viability, prevent cell apoptosis, and protect cells from oxidative damage through the Nrf2/HO-1/AKT signalling pathway, via upregulation of antioxidase activities and downregulation of MDA and ROS levels. Therefore, the biocompatible lycopene-loaded PEC NPs have considerable potential use for the encapsulation of hydrophobic nutraceuticals in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - XianFeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Liu Y, Fan S, Niu F, Liu Y, Liu X, Ren X, Yang Y, Fan G, Dong H, Shen M, Sui H, Fang F, She G. Polyphenol-rich fraction from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak attenuates the myocardial ischemia injury in mice induced by isoproterenol through inhibiting apoptosis, antioxidation and activating PI3K/AKT pathway. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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10
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Yan X, Wang Y, Ren XY, Liu XY, Ma JM, Song RL, Wang XH, Dong Y, Yu AX, Fan QQ, Wei J, She GM. Gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract against alcohol through the gut-liver axis. Food Funct 2021; 12:10281-10290. [PMID: 34549762 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health issue globally due to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is a food additive and an edible herb that is widely used in Asia and possesses hepatoprotective activity, but the underlying mechanisms behind this protective activity are not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak extract (TQE) against ALD as well as the underlying mechanism based on gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis. TQE supplementation markedly alleviated chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in C57 mice. TQE also ameliorated gut barrier dysfunction induced by alcohol. Consequently, the activation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation-mediated TLR4 pathway and the subsequent inflammatory response and ROS overproduction in the liver were suppressed. Meanwhile, alcohol-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis was also corrected by TQE. To further investigate the contribution of gut dysbiosis correction to the beneficial effects of TQE on ALD, a fecal microbiota transplantation study was conducted. TQE-manipulated gut microbiota transplantation markedly counteracted the alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis in the recipient mice. In parallel with gut dysbiosis correction, liver damage was partly ameliorated in the recipient mice. Gut barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia, TLR4 pathway induction as well as downstream inflammatory response and ROS overproduction were also partly suppressed due to gut dysbiosis correction in alcohol-fed recipient mice. In summary, these results suggest that gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of TQE against alcohol through the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xue-Yang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiao-Yun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Mu Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ruo-Lan Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiu-Huan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - A-Xiang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Qi-Qi Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Fan S, Liu X, Wang Y, Ren X, Liu Y, Dong Y, Fan Q, Wei J, Ma J, Yu A, Song R, Sui H, Shen M, Fang F, Xia Q, She G. Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via dual antioxidant actions: Activating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and directly scavenging ROS. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153673. [PMID: 34416627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. has been widely used as a spice and a folk medicine for relieving exterior syndrome and alleviating pain in China. PURPOSE To explore the protective effects and the underlying mechanism against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) of the T. quinquecostatus combining with its chemical composition. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS High-polar extract (HPE) was extracted from T. quinquecostatus and polyphenols in HPE were enriched to obtain polyphenol-rich fraction (PRF) using Macroporous resin. The free radicals and zebrafish embryos were used to compare the antioxidant activities of HPE and PRF in vitro and in vivo. Then, the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model was established in rats. Neurological deficit score, infarction rate, morphology and apoptosis of neurons were examined to investigate the protective effects of PRF on CIRI. The mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the activities of downstream antioxidant enzymes in ischemia tissues were determined to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in zebrafish embryos were detected after incubation with PRF for a short time (2 h) to investigate whether PRF could directly eliminate free radicals. Finally, chemical composition of PRF were analyzed to investigate the material basis for antioxidant activity and anti-CIRI effect. RESULTS Compared with HPE, PRF showed stronger antioxidant activities. PRF exhibited obvious protective effects including ameliorating neurological deficit, lowering infarction rate, and improving the cellular morphology in hippocampus CA1 and cortex after tMCAO. TUNEL staining suggested PRF dose-dependently improved the apoptosis of the neurons in ischemic cortex. RT-qPCR and Western Blot results suggested that PRF regulated oxidative stress (OS) via activating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Also, PRF could directly scavenge excessive ROS in zebrafish embryos after a short-time PRF incubation. The anti-CIRI effect might be primarily attributed to the abundant polyphenols in PRF, including flavonoids, polymethoxylated flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and phenolic acids. CONCLUSION T. quinquecostatus contains abundant polyphenols and exhibited a good protective effect against CIRI via dual antioxidant mechanisms, providing a reference for further research and application for this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiamu Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Axiang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 Jingshi East Road, Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250103, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of the Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Dong H, Yang J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Lu Y, Chen L, Chen Y. Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1215-1236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hong JY, Kim H, Jeon WJ, Baek S, Ha IH. Antioxidative Effects of Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK through Mitochondrial Biogenesis Improvement in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060548. [PMID: 32585989 PMCID: PMC7346177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have reported that mitochondrial dysfunction is a leading cause of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial changes play an important role in preventing oxidative stress. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thymus quinquecostatus CELAK (TQC) extract is a plant from China belonging to the thymus species, which can mediate the inflammatory response and prevent cell damage through its antioxidant activities. This study examines whether TQC can scavenge excess ROS originating from the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages and performed an immunocytochemistry dot blot of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and real-time PCR to analyze the expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. TQC was found to significantly reduce the intensity of immunostained MitoSOX and 8-OHdG levels in the total genomic DNA within the mitochondria in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the TQC groups. Therefore, we verified that TQC improves mitochondrial function and attenuates oxidative stress induced by LPS. Our results can provide reference for the effect of TQC to develop new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Hyunseong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Wan-Jin Jeon
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Seungho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea;
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (H.K.); (W.-J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Kim M, Moon JC, Kim S, Sowndhararajan K. Morphological, Chemical, and Genetic Characteristics of Korean Native Thyme Bak-Ri-Hyang ( Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.). Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060289. [PMID: 32481500 PMCID: PMC7344789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bak-ri-hyang (Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant in Korea. T. quinquecostatus population and is always mixed with other thyme cultivars during cultivation and marketing. Hence, this study aimed to determine the genetic variability and the essential oil composition of three Korean native thyme, T. quinquecostatus cultivars collected from the Wolchul, Jiri, and Odae mountains, in comparison with six commercial thyme cultivars (T. vulgaris), to distinguish Bak-ri-hyang from other thyme cultivars. The composition of essential oils obtained from nine individuals was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was accomplished using 16 different primers. The GC–MS analysis revealed that Wolchul, creeping, golden, and orange cultivars belong to the geraniol chemotype. Whereas the Odae, lemon, and silver cultivars belong to the thymol chemotype. Further, linalool was the most abundant component in carpet and Jiri cultivars. The RAPD analysis demonstrated that all thyme cultivars showed characteristic RAPD patterns that allowed their identification. In total, 133 bands were obtained using 16 primers, and 124 bands were polymorphic, corresponding to 93.2% polymorphism. Cluster analysis of RAPD markers established the presence of clear separation from nine thyme cultivars. The highest dissimilarity and similarity coefficient of the RAPD markers were 0.58 and 0.98, respectively. According to the RAPD patterns, the nine thyme cultivars could be divided into two major clusters. Among three Korean cultivars, the Wolchul and Odae cultivars were placed into the same cluster, but they did not show identical clustering with their essential oil compositions. The findings of the present study suggest that RAPD analysis can be a useful tool for marker-assisted identification of T. quinquecostatus from other Thymus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Jun-Cheol Moon
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.); +91-422-2642095 (K.S.)
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (K.S.); Tel.: +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.); +91-422-2642095 (K.S.)
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Khalil SR, Elhakim YA, Abd El-Fattah AH, Ragab Farag M, Abd El-Hameed NE, El-Murr AE. Dual immunological and oxidative responses in Oreochromis niloticus fish exposed to lambda cyhalothrin and concurrently fed with Thyme powder (Thymus vulgaris L.): Stress and immune encoding gene expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:208-218. [PMID: 32165248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the immunotoxicological effects of the lambda cyhalothrin (LCH) insecticide and evaluate the efficiency of Thyme powder (TP) as a fish supplement in attenuation of LCH impact on Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fish. Fish was sampled following 30-days exposure to LCH (1/6 LC50: 0.48 μg/L) and TP (2%) supplementation, individually or in combination. The growth performance, immune status, biochemical indices, and mRNA expression pattern changes of stress and immune-encoding genes in the liver and spleen tissues, respectively, through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, were evaluated. The findings showed that LCH exposure caused a significant lowering in most of the estimated variables including growth performance, hematological and immunological indices. Moreover, LCH disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant status and dysregulated the expression of stress and immune-related genes, downregulating the mRNA transcript level of Immunoglobulin M heavy chain (IgM), Interferon (IFN-γ), CXC-chemokine, and Toll-like receptors (TLR-7) in the spleen. However, mRNA expression of Myxovirus resistance (Mx) gene remained unaffected. In liver tissue, the heat shock protein (HSP-70) expression was upregulated, while that of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP 1A) was downregulated. TP (2%) supplementation elicited a significant modulation in aforementioned indices; however, their levels did not attain that of the control values. Our findings concluded that LCH affects the O. niloticus immune response through the negative transcriptional influence on genes linked to immunity and induction of oxidative injury of the immune organs. Besides, dietary TP (2%) could be a proper candidate to modulate the compromised immunity in response to LCH exposure in O. niloticus aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Yasser Abd Elhakim
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amir H Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | - Abd Elhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Elufioye TO, Chinaka CG, Oyedeji AO. Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Macrosphyra Longistyla (DC) Hiern Relevant in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090400. [PMID: 31527476 PMCID: PMC6769547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrosphyra longistyla has been used in many traditional systems of medicine for its anti-hemorrhagic, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and anti-diarrhea properties. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitions of the crude methanol extracts and its various partitioned fractions were determined by a modified method of Ellman. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. The total flavonoids were estimated based on the aluminum chloride method, while the total tannins and phenolics were estimated based on the vanillin-HCl and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the highest ferric reducing power with a concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) of 0.079 mg/mL and 0.078 mg/mL, respectively, while the crude methanol extract had the highest nitric oxide scavenging activity with an IC50 of 0.008 mg/mL. The methanol extract had the highest phenolics and flavonoids contents, while the aqueous fraction had the highest tannin content. The crude methanol extract had the best AChE and BuChE inhibitory action, with an IC50 of 0.556 µg/mL and 5.541 µg/mL, respectively, suggesting that the plant had a better AChE inhibiting potential. A moderate correlation was observed between the phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging, NO radical scavenging, and AChE inhibitory activities (r2 = 0.439, 0.430, and 0.439, respectively), while a high correlation was seen between the flavonoid content and these activities (r2 = 0.695, 0.724, and 0.730, respectively), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power correlated highly with the proautocyanidin content (r2 = 0.801). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed decanoic acid methyl ester (24.303%), 11,14-eicosadienoic acid methyl ester (16.788%), linoelaidic acid (10.444%), pentadecanoic acid (9.300%), and 2-methyl-hexadecanal (9.285%). Therefore, we suggest that M. longistyla contain bioactive chemicals, and could be a good alternative for the management of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Elufioye
- Department of Chemistry, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Chidimma G Chinaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Adebola O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
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Li X, He T, Wang X, Shen M, Yan X, Fan S, Wang L, Wang X, Xu X, Sui H, She G. Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900254. [PMID: 31381251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) comprises about 214 species throughout the world, mainly found in North Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia zone. They are traditionally used as food additives and folk medicines. This review comprehensively summarizes information about traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of this genus and provides recommendations for future investigations. All information was gathered from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Sci-Finder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. Volatile oils are the most concerned constituents of this genus. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, organic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols were also summarized. This genus plants possessed a variety of activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, and antidiabetic. In brief, this review will be helpful to provide valuable data for explorations and create more interests towards Thymus genus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Fan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
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Kim YS, Kim EK, Dong X, Shin WB, Park JS, Kim SJ, Go EA, Byun HG, Park PJ. Antioxidant Activities of Viviparus Contectus Extract Against Tert-Butylhydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:611-626. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seong-Eun K, Yon-Suk K, Shin WB, Park JS, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis using Alnus japonica extracts in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Curti V, Di Lorenzo A, Dacrema M, Xiao J, Nabavi SM, Daglia M. In vitro polyphenol effects on apoptosis: An update of literature data. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:119-131. [PMID: 28830771 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been studied extensively for their health-promoting properties, and which could also exert pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory effects, to cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. The main mechanism for programmed cell death is represented by apoptosis, and its dysregulation is involved in the etiopathology of cancer. As such, substances able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells could be used as new anticancer agents. The aim of this paper is to review literature data on the apoptotic effects of polyphenols and the molecular mechanisms through which they induce these effects in cancer cells. In addition, a brief summary of the new delivery forms used to increase the bioavailability, and clinical impact of polyphenols is provided. The studies reported show that many polyphenol rich plant extracts, originating from food and herbal medicine, as well as isolated polyphenols administered individually or in combination, can regulate cell apoptosis primarily through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of action in in vitro conditions. Due to these promising results, the use of polyphenols in the treatment of cancer should therefore be deeply investigated. In particular, because of the low number of clinical trials, further studies are required to evaluate the anticancer activity of polyphenols in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; KOLINPHARMA S.p.A., Lainate, Corso Europa 5, 20020 Lainate, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; KOLINPHARMA S.p.A., Lainate, Corso Europa 5, 20020 Lainate, Italy
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Sayed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 19395 5487, Iran.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Ding Q, Yang D, Zhang W, Lu Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Li X, Zhou L, Wu Q, Pan W, Chen Y. Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of the polysaccharide TLH-3 from Tricholoma lobayense. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Protective effect of carvacrol from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in Chang cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Cyboran S, Bonarska-Kujawa D, Pruchnik H, Żyłka R, Oszmiański J, Kleszczyńska H. Phenolic content and biological activity of extracts of blackcurrant fruit and leaves. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Luo Z, Dong X, Ke Q, Duan Q, Shen L. Chitooligosaccharides inhibit ethanol-induced oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2 and reduction of MAPK phosphorylation. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2215-22. [PMID: 25189124 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are hydrolyzed products of chitosan and have been proven to exhibit various biological functions. The aims of this study were to investigate the mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of COS against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Human L02 normal liver cells were pretreated with COS (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) and then hepatotoxicity was stimulated by the addition of ethanol (80 mM). Pretreatment with COS protected L02 cells from ethanol-induced cell cytotoxicity through inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion was inhibited by COS. The antioxidant potential of COS was correlated with the induction of antioxidant genes including HO-1, NQO1 and SOD via the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2‑related factor-2 (Nrf2). Additionally, the protective effects of COS against ethanol were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown. Moreover, signal transduction studies showed that COS was able to suppress the ethanol-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. In conclusion, the COS-mediated activation of Nrf2 and reduction of MAPK phosphorylation may be important for its hepatoprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ke
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qiwen Duan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Kim YS, Hwang JW, Han YK, Kwon HJ, Hong H, Kim EH, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Trapa japonica pericarp extracts against tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in Chang cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:49-56. [PMID: 24269339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidant properties of Trapa japonica pericarp extracts were evaluated through several biochemical assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The antioxidant activities were compared with other natural and synthetic antioxidants. The results showed that higher radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity in FRAP than those of vitamin C as a positive control. T. japonica pericarp extracts have antioxidant properties through its ability to prevent tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced toxicity which enhance the cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibits of oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction in Chang liver cells. Therefore, based on these finding, it seems reasonable to suggest that T. japonica pericarp extracts has the potential to protect liver against t-BHP-induced cell damage and should be considered as a potential functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck-Ju Kwon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seong-Nam, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeok Hong
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee-Hwa Kim
- Department of Acupoint and Meridian, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Tae Jeon
- Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea; Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YS, Hwang JW, Kang SH, Kim HR, Je JY, Kim EH, Jeon YJ, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Protective effects of Cornus walteri W. extracts on t-BHP-induced cell damage through antioxidant activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim YS, Hwang JW, Kang SH, Kim EH, Jeon YJ, Jeong JH, Kim HR, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Thymol from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. protects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in Chang cells. J Nat Med 2013; 68:154-62. [PMID: 23771524 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the protective effects of thymol isolated from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage through various experiments with Chang liver cells. Thymol significantly protected hepatocytes against t-BHP-induced cell cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased viability. Furthermore, observation of Hoechst staining, annexin V/PI staining, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax indicated that thymol inhibited t-BHP-induced Chang cell damage. Further, thymol inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in t-BHP-treated Chang cells and prevented oxidative stress-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Thymol restored the antioxidant capability of hepatocytes including glutathione (GSH) levels which were reduced by t-BHP. These results indicated that thymol prevents oxidative stress-induced damage to liver cells through suppression of ROS and MDA levels and increase of GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, 380-701, Korea
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