1
|
Khan R, Jori C, Ansari MM, Ahmad A, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Sultana S. α-Terpineol Mitigates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Rats by Attenuating Inflammation and Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29794-29802. [PMID: 37599911 PMCID: PMC10433518 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the major inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. α-Terpineol (αTL) is naturally present in several plants, and it belongs to the monoterpenes category. αTL possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiulcer activities. Importantly, αTL has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory effects also. In this study, we hypothesize that αTL may have protective effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. Animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 6 rats each. In group III, αTL was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. orally from days 1 to 14, while in groups II and III, 4% DSS in drinking water was given to rats ad libitum from the 7th to 14th days. After 24 h of the last dose of αTL, all animals were euthanized. αTL administration reduced the DSS-induced colonic disease activity index, tissue damage, and goblet cell disintegration. αTL suppressed the orchestration of mast cells in the inflamed colon, enhanced the immunostaining of NF-kB-p65, COX-2, iNOS, p53, caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3, and suppressed the immunostaining of connexin-43, survivin, and Bcl-2. The activities of caspases-9 and -3 were reduced significantly by αTL pretreatment, as also confirmed by calorimetric assays. Moreover, αTL significantly attenuated the nitric oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity. Histological results further support the fact that αTL reduced DSS-induced colonic damage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. Overall, our findings suggest that αTL has strong protective effects against DSS-induced colitis by mitigating inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Jori
- Chemical
Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Md. Meraj Ansari
- Centre
for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, S.A.S Nagar,
Sector 67, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia
McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology,
Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases
and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity
Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Department
of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Zhang LL, Wang W, Wang G. Recent updates on bioactive properties of α-terpineol. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2023.2196515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
|
3
|
Ayala-Ruiz LA, Ortega-Pérez LG, Piñón-Simental JS, Magaña-Rodriguez OR, Meléndez-Herrera E, Rios-Chavez P. Role of the major terpenes of Callistemon citrinus against the oxidative stress during a hypercaloric diet in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
4
|
Bioactive Substances in Safflower Flowers and Their Applicability in Medicine and Health-Promoting Foods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:6657639. [PMID: 34136564 PMCID: PMC8175185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Safflower flowers (Carthamus tinctorius) contain many natural substances with a wide range of economic uses. The most famous dye isolated from flower petals is hydroxysafflor A (HSYA), which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review is aimed at updating the state of knowledge about their applicability in oncology, pulmonology, cardiology, gynecology, dermatology, gastrology, immunology, and suitability in the treatment of obesity and diabetes and its consequences with information published mainly in 2018-2020. They were also effective in treating obesity and diabetes and its consequences. The issues related to the possibilities of using HSYA in the production of health-promoting food were also analyzed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sales A, Felipe LDO, Bicas JL. Production, Properties, and Applications of α-Terpineol. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
6
|
Vieira G, Cavalli J, Gonçalves ECD, Braga SFP, Ferreira RS, Santos ARS, Cola M, Raposo NRB, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Terpineol in an Inflammatory Model of Depression: Involvement of the Cannabinoid System and D2 Dopamine Receptor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E792. [PMID: 32443870 PMCID: PMC7280984 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology that arises from environmental, psychological, genetic, and biological factors. Environmental stress and genetic factors acting through immunological and endocrine responses generate structural and functional changes in the brain, inducing neurogenesis and neurotransmission dysfunction. Terpineol, monoterpenoid alcohol, has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects, but there is no report about its antidepressant potential. Herein, we used a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to induce a depressive-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST) and the splash test (ST) for a preventive and therapeutic experimental schedule. Furthermore, we investigated the antidepressant-like mechanism of action of terpineol while using molecular and pharmacological approaches. Terpineol showed a coherent predicted binding mode mainly against CB1 and CB2 receptors and also against the D2 receptor during docking modeling analyses. The acute administration of terpineol produced the antidepressant-like effect, since it significantly reduced the immobility time in TST (100-200 mg/kg, p.o.) as compared to the control group. Moreover, terpineol showed an antidepressant-like effect in the preventive treatment that was blocked by a nonselective dopaminergic receptor antagonist (haloperidol), a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride), a selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist/inverse agonist (AM281), and a potent and selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist (AM630), but it was not blocked by a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist (caffeine) or a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol). In summary, molecular docking suggests that CB1 and CB2 receptors are the most promising targets of terpineol action. Our data showed terpineol antidepressant-like modulation by CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and D2-dopaminergic receptors to further corroborate our molecular evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Vieira
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Juliana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Saulo F. P. Braga
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.F.P.B.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Rafaela S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Planejamento de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.F.P.B.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Adair R. S. Santos
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Cola
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Nádia R. B. Raposo
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de For a 36036-330, Brazil;
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, 80078 Naples, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (G.V.); (J.C.); (E.C.D.G.); (M.C.)
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sousa GMD, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR, Lamas CDA, Quitete VHAC, Pastore GM, Bicas JL. The effect of α-terpineol enantiomers on biomarkers of rats fed a high-fat diet. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03752. [PMID: 32382672 PMCID: PMC7199010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-terpineol is a monoterpenoid found in many essential oils, being widely used in food and household products. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have already been associated with this alcohol; therefore, this study aimed to check if these properties were also present in vivo, counteracting the oxidant and inflammatory effects of a high-fat diet, as well as if there were differences in the biological activities among the two α-terpineol enantiomers. Thus, this work evaluated the effect of supplementation of α-terpineol enantiomers (at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of diet) on biological parameters of diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. In general, α-terpineol improved the nutritional parameters of rats fed a high-fat diet. The intake of α-terpineol at concentrations ≥50 mg/kg was able to reestablish the insulin sensibility and reduced (p < 0.05) serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, when compared with the control group. The intake of R-(+)- and (-)-α-terpineol decreased the TNF-α level by approximately 1.5 and 3.4 times, respectively, when compared with the high-fat group, regardless of the concentration. Moreover, both enantiomers at 50 mg/kg decreased the levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 2.6-4.2 times, while hepatic TBARS were reduced in approximately 1.6 times, regardless of the compound and concentration tested. Further experiments are suggested to confirm the mechanisms and the security of α-terpineol in different experimental models and more extended exposure experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gardênia Martins de Sousa
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Celina de Almeida Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Lemos Bicas
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mei RF, Shi YX, Duan WH, Ding H, Zhang XR, Cai L, Ding ZT. Biotransformation of α-terpineol by Alternaria alternata. RSC Adv 2020; 10:6491-6496. [PMID: 35496018 PMCID: PMC9049759 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Terpineol (1), the main volatile constituent in some traditional Chinese medicines, has been reported to be metabolized to 4R-oleuropeic acid by the larvae of common cutworms. The present study verified that α-terpineol could be converted to 4R-oleuropeic acid (2) and (1S,2R,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,8-triol (3) by Alternaria alternata fermentation. Using shortened fermentation times, 7-hydroxy-α-terpineol (2a) was identified as an oxidative intermediate, which was consistent with the hypothesis put forward by previous studies. Cytochrome P450 enzymes were also confirmed to catalyze this biotransformation. This is the first study on the biotransformation of α-terpineol by microbial fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Mei
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xian Shi
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wei-He Duan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Zhang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
GP73 regulates Hepatic Steatosis by enhancing SCAP-SREBPs interaction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14932. [PMID: 29097707 PMCID: PMC5668365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GP73, also known as GOLPH2 or GOLM1) expression in serum and liver, which can be induced by viral infection and cytokine treatments, is intimately connected with liver disease, including acute hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its pathogenic roles in hepatic diseases have never been clarified in detail. Here, we showed that the upregulated GP73 is indispensable for SREBPs activation and lipogenesis. Notably, GP73 overexpression enhanced SCAP-SREBPs binding and its Golgi trafficking even under cholesterol sufficiency. Consistent with these functional findings, GP73 blockage could alleviate tunicamycin-induced liver steatosis by reducing SREBPs activation. A significant positive correlation of GP73 with genes in lipid metabolism pathway was also identified in liver cancer based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Our findings revealed previously unrecognized role of GP73 in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu J, Fang B, Zheng Y, Yu X, Huang G, Wang Z, Deng X, Guan S. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through cAMP/protein kinase A and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways via Gi/o-coupled receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:118-126. [PMID: 28843851 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a food born hepatoxic chloropropanol contaminant that has been detected in a wide range of foods. In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of 1,3-DCP on lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The data showed 1,3-DCP significantly increased intracellular content of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) at 0.5-2μg/mL. Further results showed that 1,3-DCP greatly decreased cyclic AMP (cAMP) level. In addition, 1,3-DCP inhibited PKA and AMPK signaling pathway, but had no influence on intracellular calcium and regulated proteins. Moreover, Gi/o protein inhibitor PTX significantly inhibited 1,3-DCP induced decrease of cAMP, p-PKA and p-AMPK expression. Furthermore, 1,3-DCP significantly decreased GPR41 and GPR43 expression, but had no effect on GPR109B.Thus, we concluded that 1,3-DCP induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through cAMP/PKA and AMPK signaling pathways via Gi/o-coupled receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochen Fang
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoren Huang
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of food quality and safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Russo EB, Marcu J. Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:67-134. [PMID: 28826544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The golden age of cannabis pharmacology began in the 1960s as Raphael Mechoulam and his colleagues in Israel isolated and synthesized cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and other phytocannabinoids. Initially, THC garnered most research interest with sporadic attention to cannabidiol, which has only rekindled in the last 15 years through a demonstration of its remarkably versatile pharmacology and synergy with THC. Gradually a cognizance of the potential of other phytocannabinoids has developed. Contemporaneous assessment of cannabis pharmacology must be even far more inclusive. Medical and recreational consumers alike have long believed in unique attributes of certain cannabis chemovars despite their similarity in cannabinoid profiles. This has focused additional research on the pharmacological contributions of mono- and sesquiterpenoids to the effects of cannabis flower preparations. Investigation reveals these aromatic compounds to contribute modulatory and therapeutic roles in the cannabis entourage far beyond expectations considering their modest concentrations in the plant. Synergistic relationships of the terpenoids to cannabinoids will be highlighted and include many complementary roles to boost therapeutic efficacy in treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and numerous other areas. Additional parts of the cannabis plant provide a wide and distinct variety of other compounds of pharmacological interest, including the triterpenoid friedelin from the roots, canniprene from the fan leaves, cannabisin from seed coats, and cannflavin A from seed sprouts. This chapter will explore the unique attributes of these agents and demonstrate how cannabis may yet fulfil its potential as Mechoulam's professed "pharmacological treasure trove."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahan Marcu
- Americans for Safe Access, Patient Focused Certification, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Costa LR, Macêdo PC, de Melo JSV, Freitas CM, Alves AS, Barbosa HDM, Lira E, Fernandes MP, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Lagranha C. Safflower (Catharmus tinctorius L.) oil supplementation in overnourished rats during early neonatal development: effects on heart and liver function in the adult. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L. (common name: safflower) is an herb whose extracted oil (safflower oil) has been employed in both alternative and conventional medicine in the treatment of disease. Overnutrition during early postnatal life can increase the lifetime risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate the effect of safflower oil supplementation given during a critical early developmental stage on the eventual occurrence of metabolic disease in overnourished rats. Groups of overnourished or adequately nourished rats were randomly assigned into 2 additional groups for supplementation with either safflower oil (SF) or vehicle for 7 to 30 days. Murinometric data and weights were examined. Serum was collected for measurement of glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Heart and liver oxidative status were also measured. Overnutrition for 7–30 days induced a significant increase in body weight and in values for abdominal circumference, thoracic circumference, body length, and body mass index. SF supplementation did not attenuate the effect of overnutrition on any of these parameters. In addition, overnutrition increased levels of glucose, triglycerides, and very low-density lipid compared with normal controls, but SF supplementation had no effect on these parameters. Measures of oxidative status in heart or liver were not influenced by overnutrition. However, oxidative measures were altered by SF supplementation in both of these organs. The present study reveals that nutritional manipulation during early development induces detrimental effects on metabolism in the adult that are not ameliorated by supplemental SF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Ribeiro Costa
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cavalcanti Macêdo
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Janatar Stella Vasconcelos de Melo
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moura Freitas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Aiany Simoes Alves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Humberto de Moura Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tu Y, Xue Y, Guo D, Sun L, Guo M. Carthami flos: a review of its ethnopharmacology, pharmacology and clinical applications. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Lu J, Fang B, Ren M, Huang G, Zhang S, Wang Y, Deng X, Guan S. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by 13-week oral administration of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in C57BL/6J mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:1115-1121. [PMID: 25910858 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a food born chloropropanol contaminant that has been detected during the production process of a wide range of foods. In this study, we investigated the effect of 1,3-DCP on lipid metabolism of mice after 13-week subchronic exposure. The data showed that 1,3-DCP (0.05-0.5mg/kg/day) could induce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in C57BL/6J mice and the NOAEL was 0.01mg/kg/day. In addition, we studied the signaling pathway to see how 1,3-DCP worked. The data showed that NAFLD induced by 1,3-DCP was due to the dysregulation of AMPK signaling pathway. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to use 13-week subchronic toxicology to investigate the effect of 1,3-DCP on the development of NAFLD in mice. Our study provided evidence for diet contaminants in the development of NAFLD and furthered the safety evaluation of 1,3-DCP through subchronic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochen Fang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengrou Ren
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoren Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oliveira FDA, Andrade LN, de Sousa EBV, de Sousa DP. Anti-ulcer activity of essential oil constituents. Molecules 2014; 19:5717-47. [PMID: 24802985 PMCID: PMC6290561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have attracted considerable worldwide attention over the last few decades. These natural products have wide-ranging pharmacological activities and biotechnological applications. Faced with the need to find new anti-ulcer agents and the great effort on the development of drugs for the treatment of ulcers, in this review, the anti-ulcer activities of 21 bioactive compounds found in essential oils are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Nalone Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Farmácia, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|