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Kang M, Kang M, Lee J, Yoo J, Lee S, Oh S. Allium tuberosum-derived nanovesicles with anti-inflammatory properties prevent DSS-induced colitis and modify the gut microbiome. Food Funct 2024; 15:7641-7657. [PMID: 38953279 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Edible plant-derived nanovesicles (ePDNs) have shown potential as a non-pharmacological option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by maintaining gut health and showing anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of Allium tuberosum-derived nanovesicles (ADNs) on colitis have not been studied to date. Here, we extracted exosome-like nanovesicles from Allium tuberosum and investigated whether they have an anti-inflammatory effect in RAW 264.7 cells and colitis mice. The results showed that ADNs reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB pathway-related proteins as a consequence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, our mouse experiments demonstrated that ADNs could ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis symptoms (e.g., increased disease activity index score, intestinal permeability, and histological appearance). Additionally, ADNs counteracted DSS-induced colitis by downregulating the expression of serum amyloid A (SAA), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that ADN intervention restored the gut microbial composition, which was similar to that of the DSS non-treated group, by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, ADNs induced acetic acid production along with an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus. Overall, our findings suggest that ADN supplementation has a crucial role in maintaining gut health and is a novel preventive therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiseon Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Liao M, Cao H, Gao Q. Functional analysis of three odorant receptors in Plutella xylostella response to repellent activity of 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105856. [PMID: 38685238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is an important pest showing resistance to various chemical pesticides, development of botanical pesticides is an effective strategy to resolve above problem and decrease utilization of chemical pesticides. Previous study showed that 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine has significant repellent activity to P. xylostella adult which mainly effect to the olfactory system, however the molecular targets and mechanism are still unclear. Based on the RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data, eight ORs (Odorant receptor) in P. xylostella were selected as candidate targets response to repellent activity of 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. Here, most of the ORs in P. xylostella were clustered into three branches, which showed similar functions such as recognition, feeding, and oviposition. PxylOR29, PxylOR31, and PxylOR46 were identified as the potential molecular targets based on the results of repellent activity and EAG response tests to the adults which have been injected with dsRNA, respectively. Additionally, the three ORs were higher expressed in antenna of P. xylostella, followed by those in the head segment. Furthermore, it was found that the bindings between these three ORs and 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine mainly depend on the hydrophobic effect of active cavities, and the binding to PxylOR31 was more stabler and easier with an energy of -16.34 kcal/mol, together with the π-π T-shaped interaction at PHE195 site. These findings pave the way for the complete understanding of pyrazine repellent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education), Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liao M, Cao H, Gao Q. Identification and functional characterization of two antenna-specifc odorant-binding proteins in Plutella xylostella response to 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130031. [PMID: 38331072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella is an important cruciferous crop pest with a serious resistance to multiple insecticides, a novel natural compound, 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine were isolated, that showed significant repellent activity against P. xylostella with olfactory system as a potential target. Eight odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were determined as candidate target genes using RT-qPCR (Quantitative reverse transcription PCR), most of them were clustered with OBPs from Spodoptera frugiperda. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylPBP2 (Pheromone binding protein) and PxylOBP3 had Ki values of 7.13 ± 0.41 μM and 9.56 ± 0.35 μM, indicating a high binding affinity to the pyrazine. Moreover, the binding style between these two OBPs and the pyrazine was determined as a hydrophobic interaction by using molecular docking. The binding between PxylPBP2 and the pyrazine was found to be more stable, and the carbon atoms of C-2 and C-3 in this pyrazine showed potential optimization characteristics. Both PxylPBP2 and PxylOBP3 were highly expressed in the antennae of both sexes. These results can be used to design and develop novel green pesticides with the pyrazine as the active or lead compound to reduce the utilization of chemical pesticides and postpone development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buguo Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhou Y, Liao M, Sheng C, Cao H, Gao Q. Identification and characterization of odorant receptors in Plutella xylostella antenna response to 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105523. [PMID: 37532335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a worldwide migratory pest that is developing strong resistance to various chemical insecticides. It has been determined that four natural pyrazines isolated from Allium tuberosum showed significant repellent activity to P. xylostella, but the molecular target still unknown. In the present study, a novel synthetic route for 2,3-dimethyl-6-(1-hydroxy)-pyrazine which has the most significant repellent activity with a purity of 90.60% was established. Simultaneously, the bioassay result declared that the repellent grade was IV at a dosage of 0.01 mg which was the same as to the published data. Transcriptomics analysis detected 1643 upregulated and 3837 downregulated genes in P. xylostella antennae following this pyrazine exposure. Then, 2142 differentially expressed genes were annotated using Gene Ontology and 2757 genes were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Moreover, this procedure identified 84 odour perception-related genes, 58 odorant receptor (OR) genes including 57 conventional ORs and the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco, atypical odorant receptor) gene, and 26 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes. Based on quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and differential expression results, 9 OR genes including the Orco were cloned and characterised. In summary, this study provides important basis for the utilization of pyrazines as the main active ingredients or lead compounds to developing new botanical pesticides, which will reduce application of chemical pesticides and postpone the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Buguo Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Yeping Zhou
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Chengwang Sheng
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, China.
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Influence of Seasonings and Spice Essential Oils on Acrylamide Production in a Low Moisture Model System. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243967. [PMID: 36553709 PMCID: PMC9778327 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a typical contaminant produced during the heating process. In the present study, two seasonings (soy sauce and rice vinegar) and three spice essential oils (chive, ginger, and pepper) were added to the asparagine (Asn)/glucose (Glc) diethylene glycol model system to investigate the production of AA in a low moisture model system. The generation of AA was significantly enhanced when low levels of soy sauce (1% and 3% v/v) were added (p < 0.05). The Asn/Glc model system was heated for 15 min with 0%, 1%, or 3% (v/v) soy sauce, containing 43 mg/L, 63 mg/L, and 53 mg/L AA, respectively. However, the addition of a high level of soy sauce (5% v/v) showed significant inhibition of AA production after heating for 10 min (p < 0.05). About 36% of AA was inhibited in the Asn/Glc/soy sauce (5%) model system after heating for 15 min. The addition of low levels of rice vinegar (1% and 3% v/v) showed comprehensive effects on AA production. Nevertheless, the addition of rice vinegar at 5% v/v had an inhibitory effect on AA generation (p < 0.05). All kinds of spice essential oils promoted the production of AA (p < 0.05). There was a dose−response relationship between the level of spice essential oils and the generation of AA. This study proposes the importance of seasonings and spice essential oils for AA production in food preparation.
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Zhai R, Zhang K, Chen G, Liu G, Huang X, Gao M, Zhou J, Xu X, Li L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jin M, Xu D, Abd El-Aty AM. Residue, Dissipation Pattern, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Imidacloprid in Chinese Chives. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846333. [PMID: 35284432 PMCID: PMC8905493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for Chinese chives is growing as they are also rich in vitamins, fiber, and sulfur nutrients. Chinese chives should be sprayed with imidacloprid to control pests and diseases to safeguard their yield and to meet the demands of East Asian consumers for Chinese chives. Overspraying of imidacloprid can lead to residues in Chinese chives, posing a severe risk to human health. To reduce the harmful effects of imidacloprid residues on humans, we investigated the imidacloprid dissipation pattern and the final residue on Chinese chives using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearity (R2= 0.9988), accuracy (expressed as recovery % of 78.34–91.17%), precision [expressed as relative SDs (RSDs) of 0.48–6.43%], and sensitivity [a limit of quantification (LOQ) ≤ 8.07 × 104 mg/kg] were achieved. The dissipation dynamics were consistent with the first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 2.92 days. The final residual levels on Chinese chives were 0.00923–0.166 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 1 mg/kg for imidacloprid on Chinese chives. A risk assessment index of <1 indicates that Chinese chives are safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Chen
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maojun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Donghui Xu
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Alam A, Al Arif Jahan A, Bari MS, Khandokar L, Mahmud MH, Junaid M, Chowdhury MS, Khan MF, Seidel V, Haque MA. Allium vegetables: Traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and beneficial effects in inflammation and cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6580-6614. [PMID: 35170391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2036094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genus Allium comprises of at least 918 species; the majority grown for dietary and medicinal purposes. This review describes the traditional uses, phytoconstituents, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, and safety profile of six main species, namely Allium sativum L. (garlic), Allium cepa L. (onions), Allium ampeloprasum L. (leek), Allium fistulosum L. (scallion), Allium schoenoprasum L. (chives) and Allium tuberosum Rottler (garlic chives). These species contain at least 260 phytoconstituents; mainly volatile compounds-including 63 organosulfur molecules-, saponins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, steroids, vitamins and nucleosides. They have prominent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and in vivo replications of such results have been achieved for all except for A. schoenoprasum. They also exert cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Several anticancer phytoconstituents have been characterized from all except for A. fistulosum. Organosulfur constituents, saponins and flavonoid glycosides have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Extensive work has been conducted mainly on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of A. sativum and A. cepa. The presence of anti-inflammatory and anticancer constituents in these two species suggests that similar bioactive constituents could be found in other species. This provides future avenues for identifying new Allium-derived anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Arif Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sazzadul Bari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Md Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammed Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Forhad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Wang C, Zhang J, Xie J, Yu J, Li J, Lv J, Gao Y, Niu T, Patience BE. Effects of Preharvest Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Treatments on Growth, Quality, Volatile Components, and Antioxidant Systems of Chinese Chives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:767335. [PMID: 35069623 PMCID: PMC8777190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) regulate the production of biologically active compounds in plants and stimulate the accumulation of plant aromatic substances. However, the underlying mechanisms of how MeJA and SA influence characteristic flavor compounds and the antioxidant activity of vegetables are poorly understood. Five MeJA and SA concentrations were used to investigate the dose-dependent effects of these phytohormones on the dry and fresh weight; chlorophyll abundance; the contents of vitamin C, soluble protein, and sugar, nitrate, total phenols, flavonoids, volatile components, and enzymatically produced pyruvic acid; and antioxidant activity in Chinese chive. We found that MeJA and SA at concentrations of 500 and 150 μM, respectively, significantly increased the levels of total chlorophyll, phenols and flavonoids, vitamin C, and volatile components and significantly reduced the accumulation of nitrate. In addition, compared with the control, 500 μM of MeJA significantly increased the soluble sugar and protein content, and 150 μM SA significantly increased the dry and fresh weight of Chinese chive. Furthermore, these concentrations of MeJA and SA significantly increased the enzymatic pyruvate content and the amount of sulfide and aromatic volatile compounds and improved the characteristic flavor compounds. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity were significantly improved after a preharvest treatment with 500 μM MeJA and 150 μM SA, which could improve the antioxidant activity, thus improving the postharvest quality and preservation characteristics of Chinese chives. Taken together, a preharvest treatment with 500 μM MeJA and 150 μM SA is optimal to improve the growth, quality, antioxidant activity, and flavor of Chinese chive, thereby enhancing its commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zeng Q, Xiao N, Zhang X, Luo W, Xiao G, Zhai W, Zhong L, Lan B. Preparation and Characterization of Chinese Leek Extract Incorporated Cellulose Composite Films. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:731749. [PMID: 34869251 PMCID: PMC8634590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.731749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) films with good mechanical properties via plasticization using a Chinese leek (CL, Allium tuberosum) extract. The microstructure, crystal structure, mechanical properties, barrier ability, and thermal properties of the films were investigated. The chemical structure analysis of CL extract showed the existence of cellulose, lignin, and low-molecular-weight substances, such as polysaccharides, pectins, and waxes, which could act as plasticizers to enhance the properties of MCC:CL biocomposite films. The results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses indicated the good compatibility between MCC and CL extract. When the volume ratio of MCC:CL was 7:3, the MCC:CL biocomposite film exhibited the best comprehensive performance in terms of water vapor permeability (2.11 × 10-10 g/m·s·Pa), elongation at break (13.2 ± 1.8%), and tensile strength (24.7 ± 2.5 MPa). The results of a UV absorption analysis demonstrated that the addition of CL extract improved the UV-shielding performance of the films. Therefore, this work not only proposes a facile method to prepare MCC films with excellent mechanical properties via plasticization using CL extract but also broadens the potential applications of MCC films in the packaging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Zeng
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naiyu Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhan Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengshen Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanjing Zhai
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Zhong
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bifeng Lan
- Guangzhou Furui High Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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Liu B, Li X, Yu H, Shi X, Zhou Y, Alvarez S, Naldrett MJ, Kachman SD, Ro SH, Sun X, Chung S, Jing L, Yu J. Therapeutic potential of garlic chive-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9311-9330. [PMID: 34646372 PMCID: PMC8490522 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome drives the development of many complex inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. However, no medications specifically targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome have become clinically available. Therefore, we aim to identify new inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this study. Methods: Vesicle-like nanoparticles (VLNs) were extracted from garlic chives and other Allium vegetables and their effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome were evaluated in primary macrophages. After garlic chive-derived VLNs (GC-VLNs) were found to exhibit potent anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cell culture, such function was further assessed in a murine acute liver injury disease model, as well as in diet-induced obesity. Finally, GC-VLNs were subjected to omics analysis to identify the active components with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome function. Results: GC-VLNs are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles containing lipids, proteins, and RNAs. They dose-dependently inhibit pathways downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, including caspase-1 autocleavage, cytokine release, and pyroptotic cell death in primary macrophages. The inhibitory effects of GC-VLNs on the NLRP3 inflammasome are specific, considering their marginal impact on activation of other inflammasomes. Local administration of GC-VLNs in mice alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in chemical-induced acute liver injury. When administered orally or intravenously, GC-VLNs accumulate in specific tissues and suppress activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and chronic inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. The phospholipid 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) in GC-VLNs has been identified to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusions: Identification of GC-VLNs and their active component DLPC as potent inflammasome inhibitors provides new therapeutic candidates in the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Gao Q, Wang D, Shao S, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Chen C, Tang F, Sun J, Li Y, Guo Q. Identification and quantitation of the actual active components in bamboo juice and its oral liquid by NMR and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19664. [PMID: 33184510 PMCID: PMC7661497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo juice is a traditional Chinese drink and herbal medicine, and bamboo juice oral liquids are widely sold for the treatment of cough and phlegm in China. In this study, 26 main compounds of bamboo juice (Phyllostachys edulis) were separated, precisely identified, and qualitative analysis using NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and quantitative analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer), respectively. Potentially harmful levels of added excessive preservatives, including benzoic acid, ethylparaben, and sorbic acid, were found in bamboo juice oral liquid. Carbohydrates were determined to be the major components of bamboo juice, with contents as high as 191.13 g L−1, far higher than those of other compounds. The result indicated that the cough relief activity of bamboo juice oral liquid may be related to their high levels of added preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Detao Wang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Siyue Shao
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yansu Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qirong Guo
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Li Z, Wang T, He C, Cheng K, Zeng R, Song Y. Control of Panama disease of banana by intercropping with Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler): cultivar differences. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:432. [PMID: 32943012 PMCID: PMC7499913 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Panama disease (Fusarium wilt disease) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (FOC) severely threatens banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide. Intercropping of banana with Allium plants has shown a potential to reduce Panama disease. In this study, six cultivars of Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) were selected to compare their differences in antifungal activity and active compounds. Three cultivars Duokang Fujiu 11, Fujiuhuang 2, and Duokang Sijiqing with higher levels of antifungal compounds were further used for intercropping with banana in the pots and field to compare their effects on growth and disease incidence of banana.The six cultivars showed significant differences in antifungal activity against FOC mycelia growth in both leaf volatiles and aqueous leachates. The aqueous leachates displayed stronger antifungal activity than the volatiles. FJH cultivar showed the best inhibitory effect among all six cultivars. Contents of three main antifungal compounds dipropyl trisulfide (DPT), dimethyl trisulfide (DMT), and 2-methyl-2-pentenal (MP) in volatiles and aqueous leachates varied considerably among cultivars. Pot and field experiments showed that intercropping with three selected Chinese chive cultivars significantly improved banana vegetative growth, increased photosynthetic characteristics and yield but decreased disease incidence of Panama disease.Our results indicate that intercropping with Chinese chive shows potential to reduce banana Panama disease and selection of appropriate cultivars is vital for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chenling He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kelin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Gao Q, Shi Y, Liao M, Xiao J, Li X, Zhou L, Liu C, Liu P, Cao H. Laboratory and field evaluation of the aphidicidal activity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaf extract and identification of the active components. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3167-3174. [PMID: 30941856 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botanical pesticides increasingly play important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the aphidicidal effect of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) extract against mustard aphid was confirmed, the main active compounds identified, and aphidicidal mechanism of the most active compound established. RESULTS When the treatment concentration was 10.0 g L-1 , the corrected mortality of bamboo leaf extract (BE) was 53.22 ± 5.20% and the petroleum ether component of bamboo leaf extract (PE) reached 82.76 ± 4.50%, which also showed a synergistic effect with imidacloprid. Four flavonoids were identified as the main active components in the BE via activity tracking and phytochemical method. Isoorientin had an LC50 of 313.22 mg L-1 , and affected the activities of acetylcholinesterase and peroxidase significantly, revealing the possible aphidicidal mechanism. When the treatment of 11.1% PE·imidacloprid was 200 mL, the control effect was 99.07%, which was better than that observed with 10% of imidacloprid or 0.5% of matrine. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a better understanding of the aphidicidal activity and aphidicidal mechanism of moso bamboo leaf extract and the most active compound, isoorientin. This will help in developing a more effective botanical aphicide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Hefei, China
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Hefei, China
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Duan H, Dong Z, Li H, Li WR, Shi SX, Wang Q, Cao WG, Fang XM, Fang AD, Zhai KF. Quality evaluation of bee pollens by chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of its major bioactive components. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Ni Z, Guo L, Liu F, Olatunji OJ, Yin M. Allium tuberosum alleviates diabetic nephropathy by supressing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat diet/streptozotocin treated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Gao Q, Song L, Sun J, Cao HQ, Wang L, Lin H, Tang F. Repellent action and contact toxicity mechanisms of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive against Plutella xylostella larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 100:e21509. [PMID: 30390324 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Botanical pesticides play increasingly important roles in the control of agricultural pests. In this study, the insecticidal effects, specifically the repellent action and contact toxicity, of the essential oil extracted from Chinese chive (EOC) against Plutella xylostella larvae were confirmed. The mechanisms of repellent's action were studied using electroantennograms (EAGs), and the effects on glutathione S-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (CarE), and acetyl cholinesterase were investigated after EOC treatments. The EOC affected the EAG results and inhibited the activities of GST and CarE in treated P. xylostella larvae, which could explain its insecticidal effects. And, four pyrazines showed greater repellent activities than that of the EOC, which was confirmed as the main active compounds of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Song
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Lin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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Li QM, Luo JP, Pan LH, Zha XQ. Evaluation of renoprotective effect of Chinese chive extracts on adenine-induced chronic renal failure. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Tang X, Olatunji OJ, Zhou Y, Hou X. In vitro and in vivo aphrodisiac properties of the seed extract from Allium tuberosum on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and sexual behavior parameters in male Wistar rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:510. [PMID: 29191197 PMCID: PMC5709831 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium tuberosum is a well-known spice as well as a herb in traditional Chinese medicine, used for increasing libido and treating erectile dysfunction. However, not many studies have been done to evaluate the sexual enhancing properties of A. tuberosum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aphrodisiac and vasorelaxant properties of A. tuberosum on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) as well as checking the effect on enhancing male rat sexual behavior, libido, potency as well as its spermatogenic properties. METHOD The seeds were powdered and sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Male Wistar rats were administered with graded doses of the n-BuOH extracts (ATB) of A. tuberosum (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and Viagra was used as the positive control drug. The extract/drug was administered by gastric probe once daily for 45 days and the sexual behavior was analyzed by exposing the male rats to female rats in the estrus period. RESULTS ATB relaxed corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (68.9%) at a concentration of 200 μg/ml. The results obtained from the animal studies indicated that ATB significantly increased mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), ejaculation frequency (EF), ejaculation latency (EL) and markedly reduced post ejaculatory interval (PEI), mount latency (ML), and intromission latency (IL). Furthermore, a remarkable increase in the test for potency was observed as witnessed by marked increase in erections, quick flips, long flips and total reflex. In addition, ATB significantly improved the sperm viability and count as well as increased the concentrations of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and phosphatases in the treated animals. CONCLUSION Thus our results suggest that A. tuberosum could stimulate sexual arousal and enhance sexual execution in male rats, thus providing valuable experimental evidence that A. tuberosum possesses sexual enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
| | - Opeyemi J. Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112 Thailand
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095 China
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