1
|
Pan P, Xing Y, Zhang D, Wang J, Liu C, Wu D, Wang X. A review on the identification of transgenic oilseeds and oils. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3189-3203. [PMID: 37458291 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology can increase the quantity and quality of vegetable oils worldwide. However, people are skeptical about the safety of transgenic oil-bearing crops and the oils they produce. In order to protect consumers' rights and avoid transgenic oils being adulterated or labeled as nontransgenic oils, the transgenic detection technology of oilseeds and oils needs careful consideration. This paper first summarized the current research status of transgenic technologies implemented at oil-bearing crops. Then, an inspection process was proposed to detect a large number of samples to be the subject rapidly, and various inspection strategies for transgenic oilseeds and oils were summarized according to the process sequence. The detection indicators included oil content, fatty acid, triglyceride, tocopherol, and nucleic acid. The detection technologies involved chromatography, spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and polymerase chain reaction. It is hoped that this article can provide crucial technical reference and support for staff engaging in the supervision of transgenic food and for researchers developing fast and efficient monitoring methods in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horn S, Pieters R, Bøhn T. May agricultural water sources containing mixtures of agrochemicals cause hormonal disturbances? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134862. [PMID: 31810692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural chemicals end up in the environment as complex mixtures and it is their combinatorial effects that need to be evaluated, rather than the traditional single effect of the active ingredients. This study emphasises effects-directed analyses (androgen receptor (AR) activity) of such environmentally relevant mixtures. Soil, where glyphosate and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were sprayed on Bt maize, were extracted with rainwater. This allowed to test the bio-available fraction. AR effects were measured with an in vitro reporter-gene assay using MDA-kb2 cells. The cells were exposed to: single active ingredients; formulations; environmentally relevant concentrations of the active ingredients and formulations; as well as rainwater extracts. The AR was activated by rainwater extracts from soil that received a pre-and post-emergent Roundup application. The testosterone equivalents (TTEQs) derived from AR activation exceeded international drinking water trigger values. We conclude that (i) rainwater run-off from maize sprayed with Roundup and 2,4-D contained androgen active substances and (ii) the chronic exposure to this water may cause endocrine disrupting effects in humans and aquatic life which emphasise the need for intensified monitoring of environmental water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranie Horn
- North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South Africa.
| | - Rialet Pieters
- North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, South Africa
| | - Thomas Bøhn
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bøhn T, Millstone E. The Introduction of Thousands of Tonnes of Glyphosate in the food Chain-An Evaluation of Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans. Foods 2019; 8:E669. [PMID: 31835834 PMCID: PMC6963490 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-tolerant (GT) soybeans dominate the world soybean market. These plants have triggered increased use of, as well as increased residues of, glyphosate in soybean products. We present data that show farmers have doubled their glyphosate applications per season (from two to four) and that residues of late season spraying of glyphosate (at full bloom of the plant) result in much higher residues in the harvested plants and products. GT soybeans produced on commercial farms in the USA, Brazil and Argentina accumulate in total an estimated 2500-10,000 metric tonnes of glyphosate per year, which enter global food chains. We also review studies that have compared the quality of GT soybeans with conventional and organic soybeans. Feeding studies in Daphnia magna have shown dose-related adverse effects (mortality, reduced fecundity and delayed reproduction) of glyphosate residues in soybeans, even at glyphosate concentrations below allowed residue levels. We argue that GT soybeans need to be tested in fully representative and realistic contexts. However, the current risk assessment system has only required and received data from field trials with beans that were sprayed with much lower doses of glyphosate as compared to contemporary commercial farms. This has left knowledge gaps and a potentially serious underestimation of health risks to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bøhn
- Institute of Marine Research, 9006 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik Millstone
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9SL, UK;
| |
Collapse
|