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Nabizadeh S, Barzegar F, Arabameri M, Babaei M, Mohammadi A. Chronic daily intake, probabilistic carcinogenic risk assessment and multivariate analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in chicken sausages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39086174 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2383399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Volatile N-nitrosamines (VNAs) are probably and possibly carcinogenic compounds to humans and widely found in processed meat products. In this study, the dietary exposure distribution and probabilistic cancer risk for main VNAs (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine) were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The lowest and highest mean concentrations of these six NAs were related to NDBA and NDEA as 0.350 and 2.655 μg/kg, respectively. In the 95th percentile, chronic daily intake of total VNAs for children (3-14 years) and adults (15-70 years) were calculated to be 2.83 × 10-4 and 5.90 × 10-5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The cancer risk caused by the consumption of chicken sausages was less than 10-4, indicating low concern for the Iranian population. According to principal component analysis and heat map results, NDEA, NPIP and frying showed a positive correlation, highlighting that the variables follow a similar trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nabizadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Babaei
- Department of Identity Recognition and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Intelligence and Criminal Investigation Science and Technology, Amin Police University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Acquaticci L, Schouten MA, Angeloni S, Caprioli G, Vittori S, Romani S. Influence of baking conditions and formulation on furanic derivatives, 3-methylbutanal and hexanal and other quality characteristics of lab-made and commercial biscuits. Food Chem 2024; 437:137791. [PMID: 37883857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Biscuit baking can cause the formation of heat-related toxic compounds, mainly through the Maillard reaction, including some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study investigates the effects of different baking conditions and recipes on quality characteristics (moisture, water activity, colour, texture) and on the concentration of some VOCs (furfural, furfuryl acetate, 5-methylfurfural, furfuryl alcohol, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal) in biscuits. Specifically, lab-made biscuits baked under static and ventilated conditions and three commercial biscuit types categorised as shortbreads with eggs, with chocolate chips and dry petits were evaluated. Concerning the lab-made biscuits, the ventilated mode resulted in faster baking and a slightly lower concentration of investigated VOCs compared to the static mode. Besides the process conditions, the recipe also played a role in the final quality and target volatiles, whose concentrations were lower in dry petits than in shortbreads, which are characterised by higher sugar and fat contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquaticci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Maria Alessia Schouten
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy.
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Sauro Vittori
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Santina Romani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Cesena (FC) 47023, Italy.
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3
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Hasan AB, Reza AHMS, Siddique MAB, Akbor MA, Nahar A, Hasan M, Uddin MR, Zaman MN, Islam I. Origin, spatial distribution, sediment contamination, ecological and health risk evaluation of trace metals in sediments of ship breaking area of Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133214. [PMID: 38101007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Eleven trace metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Pb, and Ag) in sediments of Bangladesh's ship breaking area were measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer to determine origin, contamination extent, spatial distributions, and associated ecological and human health hazards. This study found considerable quantities of Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn, and Cu when compared with standards and high levels of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Ag contamination according to pollution evaluation indices. Different indices indicate most of the sampling sites were highly polluted. However, spatial distribution maps indicate that trace metals were predominantly deposited in the northern and southern region. The ecological risk index revealed that Cd has the highest while Pb and As had moderate risk. Based on the health index values, Zn for both adults and children were higher than the safe limit while Mn, Pb, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, Ni, and Co for children were close to the threshold. The mean total carcinogenic risk values of Cr, As, and Ni for children and Ni for adults exceeded the permissible threshold. The cancer risk possibilities were further assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. Most trace metals have anthropogenic origins, which were attributed to ship breaking activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Binta Hasan
- Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Selim Reza
- Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahedul Akbor
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Aynun Nahar
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ripaj Uddin
- Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazim Zaman
- Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh
| | - Iftekharul Islam
- Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Sharafi K, Kiani A, Massahi T, Mansouri B, Ebrahimzadeh G, Moradi M, Fattahi N, Omer AK. Acrylamide in potato chips in Iran, health risk assessment and mitigation. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2024; 17:46-55. [PMID: 37982369 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2283055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the acrylamide content in potato chips sold in Kermanshah, Iran and assess the potential health concerns associated with acrylamide exposure. HPLC-DAD was used to analyse 120 samples across 40 brands. The possible non-carcinogenic risk index for adults was below 1 for all 40 brands (100%), but for children it was only below 1 for 9 brands (22.5%) and above 1 for 31 brands (77.5%). Regarding the possible carcinogenic risk index, for adults only 1 out of 40 brands rated > 10-4, whereas for children all brands rated > 10-4. This shows that children's exposure to acrylamide through potato chips consumption in Kermanshah can be considered a risk on cancer and exposure of adults requires attention and monitoring. The best way to reduce acrylamide in potato chips and associated health risks is to improve the production process, especially temperature and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tooraj Massahi
- Student research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Masoud Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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5
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Doménech E, Martorell S. Review of the Terminology, Approaches, and Formulations Used in the Guidelines on Quantitative Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards in Food. Foods 2024; 13:714. [PMID: 38472827 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the published terminology, mathematical models, and the possible approaches used to characterise the risk of foodborne chemical hazards, particularly pesticides, metals, mycotoxins, acrylamide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results confirmed the wide variability of the nomenclature used, e.g., 28 different ways of referencing exposure, 13 of cancer risk, or 9 of slope factor. On the other hand, a total of 16 equations were identified to formulate all the risk characterisation parameters of interest. Therefore, the present study proposes a terminology and formulation for some risk characterisation parameters based on the guidelines of international organisations and the literature review. The mathematical model used for non-genotoxic hazards is a ratio in all cases. However, the authors used the probability of cancer or different ratios, such as the margin of exposure (MOE) for genotoxic hazards. For each effect studied per hazard, the non-genotoxic effect was mostly studied in pesticides (79.73%), the genotoxic effect was mostly studied in PAHs (71.15%), and both effects were mainly studied in metals (59.4%). The authors of the works reviewed generally opted for a deterministic approach, although most of those who assessed the risk for mycotoxins or the ratio and risk for acrylamide used the probabilistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Doménech
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos Food-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Martorell
- MEDASEGI Research Group, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Zhou Y, Ai J, Cai L, Yan Y, Wang B, Ma H, Yu Q, Zhou J, Huo X. Deep learning enabled miniature mass spectrometer for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticides on vegetable surfaces. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114000. [PMID: 37648105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive pesticide use poses a significant threat to food safety. Rapid on-site detection of multi-target pesticide residues in vegetables is crucial due to their widespread distribution and limited shelf life. In this study, a rapid on-site screening method for pesticide residues on vegetable surfaces was developed by employing a miniature mass spectrometer. A direct pretreatment method involves placing vegetables and elution solution into a customized flexible ziplock bag, allowing thorough mixing, washing, and filtration. This process effectively removes pesticide residues from vegetable surfaces with minimal organic solvent usage and can be completed within 2 min. Moreover, this study introduced a deep learning algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, coupled with a feature database, to autonomously discriminate detection outcomes. By combining full scan MS and tandem MS analysis methods, the proposed method achieved a qualitative recognition accuracy of 99.62%. Following the qualitative discrimination stage, the target pesticide residue and internal standard can be simultaneously isolated and fragmented in the ion trap, thus enabling on-site quantitative analysis and warning. This method achieved a quantitative detection limit of 10 μg/kg for carbendazim in cowpea. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed analytical system and strategy in food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Ai
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Cai
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyong Yan
- R&D Department, Shenzhen Senlanthy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - BingZhi Wang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Ma
- R&D Department, Shenzhen Senlanthy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Huo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Yu WZ, Shen P, Lim I, Shi RRS, Cai M, Chin YS, Tay AJ, Ang WM, Er JC, Lim GS, Wu Y, Li A, Aung KT, Chan SH. Occurrence and Dietary Exposure to Acrylamide from Foods Consumed within and outside Main Meals in Singapore. Foods 2023; 12:3022. [PMID: 37628020 PMCID: PMC10453405 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of 'snackification' in Singaporean diets, leading to increased dietary acrylamide exposure. Acrylamide concentrations in commonly consumed foods within and outside the main meals were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High acrylamide concentrations were detected in vegetables cooked at high temperatures (ranging from 0.5 to 478.4 µg/kg) and potato-based crackers and chips (ranging from 81.8 to 2095.8 µg/kg). The estimated total dietary exposure for the Singapore population was 0.165 µg/kg bw/day for general consumers and 0.392 µg/kg bw/day for high consumers (95th percentile). The acrylamide exposure from outside main meals was nearly equivalent to that from within the main meals. The calculated margins of exposure (MOE) were below 10,000, indicating potential human health concern. These findings highlight the need for industry practices and consumer advisories to reduce acrylamide exposure from foods consumed both within and outside main meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zongrong Yu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Shen
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Ignatius Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Raymond Rong Sheng Shi
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Miaohua Cai
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Yee Soon Chin
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Ai Jin Tay
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Min Ang
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Jun Cheng Er
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Geraldine Songlen Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Angela Li
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
| | - Kyaw Thu Aung
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sheot Harn Chan
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 7 International Business Park, Singapore 609919, Singapore; (W.Z.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 2 Science Drive 2, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Yu X, Liu B, Yu Y, Li H, Li Q, Cui Y, Ma Y. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust: A systematic review on spatio-temporal distribution, sources, and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137641. [PMID: 36584828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust due to their ubiquitous occurrences in the environment. Based on the data from 59 articles sampled from 2005 to 2020, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution, sources, and health risk of 8 PBDE homologues in household dusts worldwide. BDE-209 is the predominant PBDE in household dusts, followed by BDE-99 and BDE-47. The total concentrations of PBDEs (∑8PBDEs) are found to be high in household dusts sampled from 2005 to 2008 and show a significant decline trend from 2009 to 2016 (p < 0.05) and a little upward tendency from 2017 to 2020. The concentrations of PBDEs in household dusts vary greatly in different countries of the world. The use of penta-BDE is the main source of three to five bromo-biphenyl ether monomers contributing 17.4% of ∑8PBDEs, while BDE-209 and BDE-183 are derived from the use of household appliances contributing 82.6% of ∑8PBDEs. Ingestion is the main exposure route for adults and toddlers, followed by dermal contact. The values of hazard index (HI) exposed to PBDEs in household dusts are all less than 1 for both adults and toddlers, indicating a low non-cancer risk. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of BDE-209 are less than 10-6 for both adults and toddlers, suggesting a negligible risk. However, the total carcinogenic risk of toddlers is higher than that of adults, indicating that much attention should be paid to toddlers exposed to BDE-209 in household dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - He Li
- Jilin Chunguang Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Jilin Chunguang Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Yuqin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
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9
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Akbari-Adergani B, Shahbazi R, Esfandiari Z, Kamankesh M, Vakili Saatloo N, Abedini A, Ramezankhani R, Sadighara P. Acrylamide content of industrial and traditional popcorn collected from Tehran's market, Iran: A risk assessment study. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100001. [PMID: 36916578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide as a probable human carcinogen can be produced via the Maillard reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars at high temperatures during food processing. In this study, the concentration of acrylamide in industrial and traditional popcorn sold in Tehran, Iran in the spring of 2021 was analyzed. Industrial popcorn is popcorn that has a manufacturing license from the health authorities. Traditional popcorn is sold by retailers in entertainment centers. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and margin of exposure (MOE) for neurological changes and neoplastic effects have been estimated. The values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined as 3.1 and 10.2 ng/mL, respectively. The amount of acrylamide was measured ranging from nondetectable up to 14.8 mg/kg. Acrylamide was detected in 86% of samples. The level of acrylamide in most popcorn samples has been detected as greater than LOD and LOQ. The average content of acrylamide in traditional popcorn was determined to be 7.7 mg/kg which was higher than the average value of 3.08 mg/kg found in industrial popcorn. Significant difference was observed between industrial and traditional popcorn samples. The average intake of popcorn for adolescent population was estimated as 2 g per day. EDI was calculated as 0.3 and 0.12 µg/kg of body weight per day for the traditional and industrial popcorn. These results indicated that popcorn can be considered a potential source of acrylamide exposure in the adolescent population. Furthermore, if the actual MOEs for neurological and neoplastic effects are estimated to be less than 10 000, it is considered a health risk. In this study, MOE has been estimated lower than 10 000 for neurological changes and neoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Akbari-Adergani
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Shahbazi
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esfandiari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Naiema Vakili Saatloo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abedini
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Ramezankhani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Health risk assessment of process-related contaminants in bread. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Concentration of ochratoxin A in coffee products and probabilistic health risk assessment. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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12
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Soil-to-plant transfer of 40K, 238U and 232Th and radiological risk assessment of selected mining sites in Nigeria. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Recent advancements in baking technologies to mitigate formation of toxic compounds: A comprehensive review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Mahdavi V, Gordan H, Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Thai VN, Fakhri Y. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment induced by pesticide residues in commercially available ready-to-eat raisins of Iran based on Monte Carlo Simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112253. [PMID: 34710439 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in fruits lead to serious public health and environmental problems. This study was undertaken to analyze 57 pesticides residues in 60 commercially available ready-to-eat packed raisins samples from Iran's markets using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) approach along with acetonitrile for the extraction, surface adsorbents for clean-up procedure, following with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the probabilistic health risk assessment includes non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk were estimated by hazard quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and cancer risk (CR) using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The respective numbers attributed to LOD and LOQ were 0.001-0.03 mg kg-1 and 0.005-0.05 mg kg-1. Results showed that 23% of samples were contaminated by at least one pesticide according to national MRLs. The rank order of pesticides based on HQ was carbendazim > acetamiprid > thiodicarb > iprodione for raisins with percentile 95% benchmark. The HI amount in the adult's age group was 0.001, and in the children's age group was obtained to be 0.006. According to the risk assessment results (HQ and HI < 1 in both age groups), it can be acknowledged that consumption of raisins may not pose remarkable health hazards in short term exposures. The rank order of pesticides based on CR was thiodicarb > iprodion. But total CR (TCR) was lower than 1E-6 value (7.6E-8), so consumers were not at considerable carcinogenic risk in this commodity. Acetamiprid and carbendazim does not pose a cancer risk to humans. Therefore, a dietary exposure assessment for the purpose of assessing cancer risk is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hasti Gordan
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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15
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Dovlatabadi A, Estiri EH, Najafi ML, Ghorbani A, Rezaei H, Behmanesh M, Momeni E, Gholizadeh A, Cristaldi A, Mancini G, Alahabadi A, Miri M. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of exposure to potentially toxic elements by consuming agricultural products irrigated with wastewater effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112479. [PMID: 34861231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have many adverse health effects due to bioaccumulation capability and their long persistence in the environment. As a renewable water source, the effluents of municipal wastewater treatment systems have been used to irrigate agricultural products widely. However, the evidence on the bioaccumulation of PTEs in crops irrigated with these effluents is still scarce, with no available study in low and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the PTEs concentration in the soil and crops irrigated with effluents of Sabzevar wastewater treatment plant and the related health risk by that. The clustered method was used to determine the soil and craps samples. Seventy cumulative samples were randomly prepared in summer and autumn 2016 and 2017 from crops, soil and effluent. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure PTEs. The health risk of exposure to PTEs was assessed using Monte Carlo simulation technique. Kruskal Wallis test and Posthoc Tukey HSD test were used to assess the mean difference of PTEs between soil, effluent and crops as well as between crops together. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) magnitude order in different crop samples was Cd > Sr > Cu > Pb > Zn > Co > As > Cr > Ni, respectively. The Cd accumulation in Sugar beet plant was significantly higher than in other samples. The highest hazard quotient (HQ) based on single PTEs was observed for As (mineral) (mean: 5.62 × 10-1 and percentile 95th: 2.13) in Okra. Regarding total HQ (THQ), the highest and lowest mean (percentile 95th) values were 1.50 (3.22) and 2.40 × 10-1 (4.01 × 10-1) for Okra and Watermelon, respectively. The mean concentrations of Co, Cr, Ni and Zn were significantly higher in crops compared to soil and influent samples. Posthoc tests indicated that the concentration of PTEs between investigated crop samples were not statistically significant different (p > 0.05). Overall, our study suggested that irrigation with the effluent of stabilization pond wastewater treatment system exerts a potential health risk due to bioaccumulation of PTEs in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Dovlatabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghorbani
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Maryam Behmanesh
- University of Applied Sciences and Technology, Tehran, Iran; Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Momeni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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16
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Eslami Z, Mahdavi V, Mofrad AA. Simultaneous multi-determination of pesticide residues in barberry: A risk assessment study. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Karimi S, Goudarzi F, Soleimani D, Hazratian S, Mahaki B, Pourmehdi M, Nachvak SM, Fattahi N. Evaluation of acrylamide and malondialdehyde levels in Tah-Dig of fried starchy foods: a case study in Iran. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Quesada-Valverde M, Artavia G, Granados-Chinchilla F, Cortés-Herrera C. Acrylamide in foods: from regulation and registered levels to chromatographic analysis, nutritional relevance, exposure, mitigation approaches, and health effects. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.2018611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Quesada-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Graciela Artavia
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Fabio Granados-Chinchilla
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Cortés-Herrera
- Centro Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CITA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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19
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Sun G, Wang P, Chen W, Hu X, Chen F, Zhu Y. Simultaneous quantitation of acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine using UPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2021; 375:131726. [PMID: 34954579 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A robust and sensitive isotope dilution UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous analysis of acrylamide (AA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP). A fairly good separation of three analytes was achieved within 4.5 min. High correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9998) of the three compounds were obtained in their respective linear ranges. This method demonstrated low limits of detection (1.57 μg/L for AA, 0.61 μg/L for HMF, and 0.02 μg/L for PhIP) and limits of quantification (5.22 μg/L for AA, 2.03 μg/L for HMF, and 0.05 μg/L for PhIP). This method also demonstrated excellent quantification accuracy (99.02%-101.12%), precision (RSD < 6%), and recovery (82.83-119.92%) in the Maillard model systems and deep-fried meatballs. This work develops a fundamental method for the rapid simultaneous determination of AA, HMF, and PhIP in thermally processed foods that are both carbohydrates-rich and protein-rich, meanwhile providing technical support for the generation mechanism of various hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Sun
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpu Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weina Chen
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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20
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Esposito F, Nolasco A, Caracciolo F, Velotto S, Montuori P, Romano R, Stasi T, Cirillo T. Acrylamide in Baby Foods: A Probabilistic Exposure Assessment. Foods 2021; 10:2900. [PMID: 34945452 PMCID: PMC8701054 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (also known as 2-propenamide) (AA) is a toxicant that develops in food during high-temperature cooking, and its occurrence is common in biscuits and baked snacks. AA is known for its in vivo neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects, and it is considered a potential carcinogen for humans. Infants may be exposed to AA as early as during weaning through baked food such as biscuits. This study set out to ascertain the concentration of AA in food products intended for infants to assess the dietary exposure to this food contaminant. AA levels were determined through GC/MS and bromination, and dietary exposure was evaluated by a probabilistic method based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed that the probability of a carcinogenic exposure is 94%, 92%, and 87%, respectively, for 6-, 12-, and 18-months infants, suggesting the need to delay the introduction of baked products in the diet of weaned infants. It should be noted, however, that these conclusions were drawn considering the biscuits as the primary source of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Esposito
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Agata Nolasco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (F.C.); (R.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Francesco Caracciolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (F.C.); (R.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Salvatore Velotto
- Department of Promotion of Human Sciences and the Quality of Life, University of Study of Roma San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Roma, Italy;
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (F.C.); (R.R.); (T.C.)
| | - Tommaso Stasi
- Department of Science and Technology, Newton Consulting Srl, 80146 Naples, Italy;
| | - Teresa Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (F.C.); (R.R.); (T.C.)
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21
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Akbari-Adergani B, Mahmood-Babooi K, Salehi A, Khaniki GJ, Shariatifar N, Sadighara P, Zeinali T. GC-MS determination of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bread and potato Tahdig prepared with the common edible oil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:540. [PMID: 34331145 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of the Tahdig of the breads and potatoes prepared with edible oil was determined by GC-MS. The Tahdigs of bread and potato were baked under the same condition (volume of any oil 40 cc, temperature 180 °C, time 30 min). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon determination was performed by an Agilent 6890 N Gas chromatography with mass selective detector, equipped with a capillary column. The highest contents of PAHs in Tahdig of bread and Tahdig of potato were observed in canola with 550 ± 3.9 ng/kg and sesame with 408.3 ± 41 ng/kg. The mean of PAH content was significantly higher in the Tahdig of bread compared to the Tahdig of potato (p < 0.05). Among the 16 PAHs examined by GC/MS, 10 PAHs were detected. The amount of high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were significantly more than low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs (p < 0.05). Benzo [b]fluoranthene and benz[a]anthracene concentrations were significantly more than the other detected compounds (p < 0.05). Due to high PAH contamination of both Tahdig groups, the consumption of Tahdig (any type) was not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Akbari-Adergani
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Mahmood-Babooi
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Zeinali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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22
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Kanu AB. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462444. [PMID: 34380070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts sample preparation techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and describes applications developed in biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene in the last two decades. The proper sample preparation technique can offer valued data for a targeted application when coupled to HPLC and a suitable detector. Improvements in sample preparation techniques in the last two decades have resulted in efficient extraction, cleanup, and preconcentration in a single step, thus providing a pathway to tackle complex matrix applications. Applications such as biological therapeutics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, environmental/industrial hygiene, forensics, glycan cleanup, etc., have been significantly enhanced due to improved sample preparation techniques. This review looks at the early sample preparation techniques. Further, it describes eight sample preparation technique coupled to HPLC that has gained prominence in the last two decades. They are (1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), (2) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), (3) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (4) Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), (5) solid-phase microextraction (SPME), (6) ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE), and (7) microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MWASE). SPE, LLE, GPC, QuEChERS, and SPME can be used offline and online with HPLC. UASE and MWASE can be used offline with HPLC but have also been combined with the online automated techniques of SPE, LLE, GPC, or QuEChERS for targeted analysis. Three application areas of biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene are reviewed for the eight sample preparation techniques. Three hundred and twenty references on the eight sample preparation techniques published over the last two decades (2001-2021) are provided. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakarr Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.
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23
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Orosun MM. Assessment of arsenic and its associated health risks due to mining activities in parts of North-central Nigeria: Probabilistic approach using Monte Carlo. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125262. [PMID: 33548784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates health risks associated with Arsenic due to mining activities in parts of North-central Nigeria. 306 samples of soil, water and guinea corn were collected for analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The analysis reveals varying concentration of Arsenic that is in most cases, above the acceptable limits of consumption, signifying evidence of pollution. The estimated pollution evaluation indices indicates evidence of pollution due to the mining activities. The estimated values of the bioaccumulation factors are very low. The Average Daily Intake reveals that ingestion pathway is the dominant pathway of exposure. While most of the Hazard Index (HI) estimated for the soil and grain samples are « 1, the HI estimated for the water is ≈1. This therefore, means that the probable non-cancerous effect of Arsenic in the drinking water is high. Based on the Delphii method of classification, the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk ranges between level II and level III for the soil and grain samples and between level VI and level VII for the water samples within the study sites. This high cancer risks was confirmed by the mean, 5th and 95th percentiles of the cumulative probabilities using the Monte Carlo simulation.
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24
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Seilani F, Shariatifar N, Nazmara S, Khaniki GJ, Sadighara P, Arabameri M. The analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment of acrylamide level in commercial nuggets samples marketed in Iran: effect of two different cooking methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:465-473. [PMID: 34150250 PMCID: PMC8172649 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of current study was to evaluate the acrylamide level in chicken, meat and shrimp nugget samples cooked in both traditional and industrial methods using "Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe" QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID). Results revealed the traditional frying method has significant effect on the increase of acrylamide compared to industrial frying method and it was also found that the different cooking temperatures and time have significant effect on increase of acrylamide formation (p < 0.05), but type of edible oils had no significant effect. The highest acrylamide level found in shrimp nuggets (27 ± 1.5 ng/g) which fried by colza oil and traditional cooking method (6 min at 220 °C), while the lowest content of acrylamide found in chicken nuggets (7.3 ± 0.1 ng/g) which fried by corn oil and industrial method (3 min at 180 °C). Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) results indicated that the trend of potential non-carcinogenic risks on THQ for children was chicken nugget (3.51E-3) > meat nugget (1.36E-3) > shrimp nugget (1.43E-4) and for adults was chicken nugget (3.49E-4) > meat nugget (1.35E-4) > shrimp nugget (1.38E-5). The health risk of acrylamide for adults and children, was considerably lower than the safe risk limits (HQ >1 and CR > 1E-4) for Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Seilani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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25
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Mollakhalili-Meybodi N, Khorshidian N, Nematollahi A, Arab M. Acrylamide in bread: a review on formation, health risk assessment, and determination by analytical techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15627-15645. [PMID: 33548042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a water-soluble toxicant found in high-protein and carbohydrate-containing foods exposed to high temperature like bread as the staple foodstuff. This toxicant is mainly formed via Maillard reaction. The potential adverse effects of acrylamide especially possible carcinogenicity in human through dietary exposure necessitate its monitoring. Regarding the existence of its precursors in wheat bread formulation as well as extreme consumption of bread by most population and diversity of bread types, its acrylamide level needs to be investigated. The indicative value for acrylamide in wheat bread is set at 80 μg/kg. Consequently, its determination using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), or capillary electrophoresis can be helpful considering both the risk assessment and quality control aspects. In this respect, methods based on LC-MS/MS show good recovery and within laboratory repeatability with a limit of detection of 3-20 μg/kg and limit of quantification of 10-50 μg/kg which is suitable for the immediate requirements for food product monitoring and calculation of consumer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Arab
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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26
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Monte Carlo approach to risks assessment of heavy metals at automobile spare part and recycling market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22084. [PMID: 33328523 PMCID: PMC7744530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the sources and health risks associated with heavy metals in Ipata spare part market in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected within and outside the market for heavy metal (As, Pb, Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ag) analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results indicate that all the heavy metals analyzed show higher concentration within the recycling market than the control location. The concentration of heavy metals at the market decreases with an increasing depth between 0 and 50 cm and appears to be stable below 50 cm of the soil depth. All the Hazard Indices (HI) estimated for the soil samples are less than one (< 1) which is the standard set by USEPA, whereas, the Hazard Index (HI) for the water samples within the station is greater than 1. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for soil samples ranged from level I to level V, while that of water samples ranged from level VI to Level VII based on Delphii method of classification. This shows that the main lifetime cancer risk occurs through the water exposure pathway. Similarly, according to the mean, P5% and P95% cumulative probability using the Monte Carlo simulation, the ILCR is above the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. All the pollution indices reveal that the significant pollution at the park is more of anthropogenic than pedogenic and lithogenic. Therefore, the market is contributing immensely to environmental pollution which may lead to unforeseen danger to human health.
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Nematollahi A, Kamankesh M, Hosseini H, Ghasemi J, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mohammadi A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Acrylamide content of collected food products from Tehran's market: a risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30558-30570. [PMID: 32468359 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide concentration in food products collected from the Tehran market was investigated by the aid of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) system coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Also, the dietary exposure distribution and related potential risk for acrylamide ingestion were estimated by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The highest and lowest mean concentration of acrylamide was detected in coffee and roasted nuts samples as 549 and 133 μg/kg, respectively. The mean acrylamide dietary exposure values for children (3-10 years), adolescents (11-17 years), adults (18-60 years), and seniors (61-96 years) were estimated to be 1.81, 1.02, 0.61, and 0.53 μg/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively. In all age groups, except children, the estimated exposure in men and boys was higher than that in women and girls. Bread, despite containing low acrylamide content groups (157 μg/kg while compared with other, except roasted nuts), showed with the highest contribution rate in all age groups due to its high consumption rate. The estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all age groups was noted as greater than 10-4 indicating serious risk to the population. Moreover, the margin of exposure (MOE) values based on carcinogenicity showed health concern to all age groups (< 10,000). Regarding the non-carcinogenic risk, the target hazard quotient (THQ) was lower than 1, and MOE based on neurotoxicity was higher than 125 (safety thresholds), which represented negligible and ignorable risk in all age groups except in a small group of children and adolescents. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Nematollahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kamankesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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Akbari-adergani B, Ahmadi A, Jahedkhanki G, Nodehi RN, Sadighara P. The Comparative Amount of Acrylamide in Tahdig Prepared with the Most Common Edible Liquid and Solid Oils. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190823095851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the heating of amino acids with edible oils to high temperatures,
different amounts of acrylamide are produced.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to compare the level of acrylamide in the tahdig of bread
and tahdig of potato prepared with the common liquid and solid edible oils, including sunflower,
corn, canola, frying oil and solid oils.
Methods:
The tahdig of bread and potato was prepared under the same temperature and time with
different oils. Acrylamide isolation was performed on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and
acrylamide was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results:
The highest amount of acrylamide was obtained with sunflower oil in the tahdig of potato
(194.091 mg/Kg) and the lowest amount of acrylamide was obtained with solid oil in the tahdig of
bread (48.54 mg/Kg). For all the oils, the acrylamide content of the tahdig of potato was higher than
bread.
Conclusion:
This study clearly demonstrated the involvement of the kind of oils in the formation of
acrylamide in the tahdig of bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Akbari-adergani
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahedkhanki
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin N. Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hooshfar S, Khosrokhavar R, Yazdanpanah H, Eslamizad S, Kobarfard F, Nazari F, Kokaraki V, Kokkinakis M, Goumenou M, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A. Health risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 in infant formula milk in IR Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111455. [PMID: 32474022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two accurate, precise, selective and sensitive methods were developed for determining aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in infant formula milk using immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The validated methods were used for determination of AFM1 in 29 samples of 6 different infant formula milk brands and the risk of AFM1 in infants aged zero to 6 months old was assessed using cancer risk, Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Hazard Index (HI). Only one sample (3.4%) was contaminated with AFM1. Although the results showed that MOE values for the mean and median exposure to AFM1 was <10,000 in infants, the additional cancer risk due to mean and median exposure to AFM1 in infant <6 months were 0.00010 and 0.00012 additional cases per year per 105 individuals, respectively, which indicates no health concern. In addition, HI values for the mean and median exposure to AFM1 for infants were quite below one which indicates no health concern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on risk assessment of AFM1 in infant formula milk consumed by Iranian infants <6 months old, presenting a low risk for the evaluated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roya Khosrokhavar
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, MOH&ME, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Samira Eslamizad
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Nazari
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Venetia Kokaraki
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kokkinakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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30
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Atabati H, Abouhamzeh B, Abdollahifar MA, Sadat Javadinia S, Gharibian Bajestani S, Atamaleki A, Raoofi A, Fakhri Y, Oliveira CA, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The association between high oral intake of acrylamide and risk of breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Ghaderpoori M, Kamarehie B, Jafari A, Alinejad AA, Hashempour Y, Saghi MH, Yousefi M, Oliveri Conti G, Mohammadi AA, Ghaderpoury A, Ferrante M. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetic products sold in Iran: the Monte Carlo simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7588-7595. [PMID: 31885066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetics can contain harmful compounds such as heavy metals. Several metals have a cumulative effect on the body, especially fatty tissues, and may have different health effects on the human body over the long term. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the health risks of heavy metals in cosmetics in Iran. Also, in this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate uncertainties. In this study, heavy metals data of cosmetics were extracted from studies carried out at intervals 2010-2018. International and Iranian databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Irandoc, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Information Institute for Scientific (ISC) were searched for this purpose. In this study, the index of the Margin of Safety was calculated to determine the risk of human contact with metallic impurities in cosmetic products used by humans. In the selected period, 11 studies were conducted on the measurement of heavy metals in cosmetics in Iran. In these studies, cosmetics such as eye shadow, eye pencil, powder, cream, and lipstick were studied. The Margin of Safety (MoS) values calculated for different metals were higher than the established safe standard by WHO. The highest and lowest amount of systemic exposure dosage in all types of cosmetic investigated (lipstick, cream, eye pencil, face powder, and eye shadow) was related to Fe and Hg. The mean hazardous quotient (HQ) for Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Hg was 1.05E-03, 1.03E-01, 7.95E-03, 2.59E-03, 1.05E-03, 4.98E-03, 7.22E-04, 1.85E-01, and 1.35E-05, respectively. The highest HQ (6.10E-01) was found for Pb, which was observed in the cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Ghaderpoori
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Kamarehie
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Jafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdol Azim Alinejad
- Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yalda Hashempour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia"-Hygiene and Public Health, Laboratory of Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), University of Catania, 95131, Catania, Italy.
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Afshin Ghaderpoury
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia"-Hygiene and Public Health, Laboratory of Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA), University of Catania, 95131, Catania, Italy
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32
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Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk and milk powder samples and their likely risk assessment in Iranian population. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Saghi MH, Mohammadi AA, Ghaderpoori M, Ghaderpoury A, Alinejad A. Estimate the effective dose of gamma radiation in Iran cities: lifetime cancer risk by Monte Carlo simulation model. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2549-2558. [PMID: 31062129 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background radiation can be different in both indoor and outdoor places. Background radiation is always in the environment, and all people in the community are constantly exposed to it. The most important source of exposure to gamma ray is natural radionuclides. Gamma rays can have harmful effects on the human body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk of gamma-ray exposure and to simulate using the Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, gamma-ray data were extracted from the studies carried out at intervals January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. Iranian and international databases were used to search for the articles. A total of 11 studies were found. To determine the health effects of gamma-ray radiation, the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. To determine the uncertainty, a health risk assessment was conducted via Monte Carlo simulation. In outdoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 117.82 nSv/h, 295.17 nSv/h, and 49 nSv/h, respectively. Ardabil Province and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province have the highest and lowest gamma ray concentrations, respectively. In indoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 118.22 nSv/h, 141 nSv/h, and 60.2 nSv/h, respectively. The last column, the mean, maximum, and minimum of excess lifetime cancer risk values for gamma-ray radiation were 2.45E-3, 4.17E-3, and 4.61E-4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghaderpoori
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Afshin Ghaderpoury
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Alinejad
- Department of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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34
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Fakhri Y, Atamaleki A, Asadi A, Ghasemi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in muscle Tilapia spp fish: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and non-carcinogenic risk assessment. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1690518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Atamaleki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anvar Asadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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35
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Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214261. [PMID: 31684036 PMCID: PMC6862652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21-72 years) and children (0-11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21-72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.
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36
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Yang S, Li Y, Li F, Yang Z, Quan F, Zhou L, Pu Q. Thiol-ene Click Derivatization for the Determination of Acrylamide in Potato Products by Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8053-8060. [PMID: 31276393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods for acrylamide formed during food processing is of great significance for food safety, but limited by its inherent characteristics, the analysis of acrylamide is a continuing challenge. In this study, an efficient derivatization strategy for acrylamide based on thiol-ene click reaction with cysteine as derivatization reagent was proposed, and the resulting derivative was then analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D). After systematic investigation including catalyst dosage (0-20 mM), reaction temperature (30-90 °C) and time (1-60 min), and cysteine concentration (0.2-3.6 mM), acrylamide could be efficiently labeled by 2.0 mM cysteine at 70 °C for 10 min using 4 mM n-butylamine as catalyst. Application of 10 mM triethylamine as separation buffer, the labeled acrylamide was analyzed within 2.0 min, and the relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area were less than 0.84% and 5.6%, indicating good precision. The C4D signal of acrylamide derivative showed a good linear relationship with acrylamide concentration in the range of 7-200 μM with the correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated to be 0.16 μM and 0.52 μM, respectively. Assisted further by the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) sample pretreatment, the developed derivatization strategy and subsequent CE-C4D method were successfully applied for the determination of acrylamide in potato products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Feifei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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37
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Gholami Z, Abtahi M, Golbini M, Parseh I, Alinejad A, Avazpour M, Moradi S, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrate in Iranian drinking water: a case study of Ilam city. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1614958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Gholami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Golbini
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan faculty of Medical Science, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Alinejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Moayed Avazpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Samin Moradi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Fakhri Y, Mahdipour F, Khodakarim S, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the onion and tomato irrigated by wastewater: A systematic review; meta-analysis and health risk assessment. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108518. [PMID: 31554079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, vegetable irrigation with wastewater in developing countries has become a serious issue. In this regard, the current investigation was performed to collect the related data regarding the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cd in onion and tomato samples irrigated with wastewater by the aid of a systematic review among the Scopus, Medline and Embase databases between 1/January/1983 to 31/January/2019. Also, the health risk assessment for consumers due to PTEs ingestion via the consumption of onion and tomato was estimated by using target hazard quotient (THQ). In this context, 35 articles with 64 studies out of 779 retrieved citations were included in the meta-analysis. The ranking of different parts of tomato based on Pb, Cd, and Cu concentration was shoot > root > leave > edible part; Fe, leave > shoot > root > edible part; Cr, root > leave > shoot > edible part; Zn, shoot > leave > root > edible part; and Ni, leave > edible part > root > shoot. Moreover, the ratio concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn and Ni in the edible part to leave of onion was 2.92, 6.01, 1.29, 4.17, 0.84, and 3.55, 10.10, respectively. According to findings, the rank order of PTEs in the onion was Fe (43.09 mg/kg-dry weight) > Zn (34.3 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (18.54 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (14.9 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (11.92 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (7.24 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (0.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) and tomato; Fe (139.12 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Zn (29.81 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cu (25.04 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cr (14.28 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Pb (9.58 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Ni (9.23 mg/ kg-dry weight) > Cd (4.64 mg/kg-dry weight). However, the concentration of PTEs investigated in the edible part of onion was higher than leaves; their concentrations in the edible part of the tomato were lower than other parts. The health risk assessment indicated that consumers groups are at significant non-carcinogenic risk due to the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of the onion and tomato vegetable wastewater irrigated (THQ > 1). Therefore, the irrigation of vegetables with wastewater should be monitored and controlled by some prevention plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Fayyaz Mahdipour
- Workplace Health Promotion Reseach Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Badibostan H, Feizy J, Daraei B, Shoeibi S, Rajabnejad SH, Asili J, Taghizadeh SF, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in infant formulae, follow-on formulae, and baby foods in Iran: An assessment of risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110640. [PMID: 31233871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven samples of infant formulae and follow-on formulae and fifteen samples of baby food from Iranian markets were analyzed for concentrations of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4) determined by use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry. An assessment of risks posed to infants and toddlers was conducted by calculating the margin of exposure and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) by use of the Monte Carlo Simulation Method. Benzo (a) anthracene, was not detected in any of the samples, while approximately 64.3% samples contained detectable amounts of benzo (a) pyrene, while chrysene was observed in three samples and benzo (b) fluoranthene was detected in one sample. One of the samples contained 1.43 μg PAH4/kg, which was greater than the maximum tolerable limit (MTL; 1 μg/kg) stated in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1125. Accordingly, the 95% ILCRs in the infants/toddlers due to ingestion of milk powder and baby foods were determined to be 1.3 × 10-6 and 7.3 × 10-7, respectively. Also, the 95th centiles of the MOEs, due to ingesting milk powder or baby foods by infants/toddlers were estimated to be 3.6 × 104 and 7.2 × 104, respectively. In Iran, infants and toddlers are not at serious health risk (MOE ≥ 1 × 104 and ILCR < 1 × 10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Badibostan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Javad Feizy
- Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Reference Control Laboratories Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran; Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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40
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Eslamizad S, Kobarfard F, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsatsakis A, Tabib K, Yazdanpanah H. Health risk assessment of acrylamide in bread in Iran using LC-MS/MS. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:162-168. [PMID: 30753857 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a chemical, often present in bread, legally classified as carcinogen, mutagen and reproductive toxicant. Since bread is consumed both world-wide and in Iran, determination of acrylamide in different types of breads is of high interest. In the present study, acrylamide was monitored in 56 Sangak and 30 industrial bread samples collected from Tehran and Shiraz, using LC-MS/MS (LOQ = 1 ng/g). In addition, the noncarcinogenic risk (target hazard quotient-THQ) and carcinogenic risk (incremental lifetime cancer risk-ILCR) due to ingestion of acrylamide through bread consumption in children and adults were assessed. Acrylamide was detected in more than 90% of the samples tested. The average daily intake of acrylamide in Iran based on exclusive consumption of Sangak bread, was estimated at 145 ng/kg bw/day. Based on the THQ for bread acrylamide in adults and children, the decreasing risk order was: Shiraz semi-industrial Sangak, Shiraz traditional Sangak, Tehran traditional Sangak, Tehran industrial bread. The ILCR of bread acrylamide calculated for adults and children was higher than the permissible lifetime carcinogenic risk value established by USEPA (1.00E-5). Results show that bread is a major source of acrylamide intake by people in Iran and all consumers regardless of age could be at elevated carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Eslamizad
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kimia Tabib
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nabizadeh S, Shariatifar N, Shokoohi E, Shoeibi S, Gavahian M, Fakhri Y, Azari A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Prevalence and probabilistic health risk assessment of aflatoxins B 1, B 2, G 1, and G 2 in Iranian edible oils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35562-35570. [PMID: 30353428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aflatoxins (AFs) B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Iranian edible oils were assessed by immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Ninety-seven samples including sunflower, canola, refined olive, unrefined olive, frying, and blend oils were collected from eight provinces (n = 15 samples of refined olive oil, n = 15 samples of unrefined olive oil, n = 15 samples of sunflower oil, n = 15 samples of canola oil, n = 17 samples of frying oil, and n = 20 samples of blend oil). Also, cancer risk of aflatoxins in the adults and children due to ingestion of edible oils was estimated via margin of exposure (MOE) estimation in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. Considering the limit of detection (LOD) of the current study, two unrefined olive oil samples from Zanjan Province were contaminated with AFB2 in the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 ng/g while other samples were free from AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. This study revealed that about 98% of the collected samples were free from AFs and the concentrations of AFs in the polluted samples were within the standard range suggested by European Commission regulation (20 μg/kg). However, health risk assessment indicated that both adult and children in the Zanjan Province are at considerable liver cancer risk (percentile 95% of MOE < 10,000 value). Therefore, national plan to address this issue and strict inspection of edible oil products by the regulatory bodies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Shokoohi
- Department of Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd., Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Azari
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
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Tajdar-Oranj B, Shariatifar N, Alimohammadi M, Peivasteh-Roudsari L, Khaniki GJ, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran's market: probabilistic health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30928-30937. [PMID: 30178415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminum (Al) in commonly instant noodles consumed in Iran (either imported from other countries or produced in Iran) was investigated by acid digestion method followed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system (ICP-OES). Also, the associated non-carcinogenic risk due to ingestion of heavy metals for adults and children was estimated by calculating percentile 95% target hazard quotient (THQ) in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in Iranian instant noodle samples were measured as 1.21 ± 0.81, 0.08 ± 0.10, 0.03 ± 0.06, and 9.15 ± 4.82 (mg/kg) and in imported instant noodle samples were 1.00 ± 0.61, 0.07 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 15.90 ± 0.93 (mg/kg), respectively. A significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the mean concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al of Iranian instant noodle and imported instant noodle samples was observed. Also, the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in all brands of instant noodle (0.025 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg, and 0.237 mg/kg, respectively) surpassed the WHO-permitted limits for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al. Percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al for the adult consumers was calculated as 0.012, 0.000007, 0.010, and 1.789; while in the case of children, percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al was defined as 0.044, 0.00023, 0.035, and 6.167, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that both adults and children are at considerable non-carcinogenic health risk for Al (THQ > 1). Therefore, approaching the required strategies in order to reduce the concentration of heavy metals particularly Al in the instant noodle is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI.FDA.MOH, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Peivasteh-Roudsari
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student research committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80, Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Khezri A, Darvishi A, Ahmadi M, Hasanzadeh V, Rahimizadeh A, Keramati H, Moradi B, Amanidaz N. Probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) of Pb and Cd in the onion bulb (Allium cepa) and soil of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30894-30906. [PMID: 30178411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of vegetables has become a global concern. In this regard, the current study was aimed to measure the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the collected onion bulb samples as well as the surrounded soil using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Additionally, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for males and females in all age groups of consumers were estimated by using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. Furthermore, the soil threshold values (STVs) were evaluated to investigate the heavy metal contents in the soil based on the established standard limits. In this context, 45 onion bulbs (HashtBandi region, 25 and Ravang region, 20) and 41 soil (HashtBandi region, 21 and Ravang region, 20) samples were collected (March-May of 2016). The average concentrations of Pb in the onions from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were determined as 0.0052 ± 0.0011 and 0.0061 ± 0.0022 mg/kg, and for Cd were 0.0095 ± 0.0024 and 0.0011 ± 0.0035 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb in the soil from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were measured as 3.99 ± 3.77 and 2.03 ± 0.69 mg/kg, and for Cd, the corresponding values were determined as 2.21 ± 3.17 and 2.22 ± 0.92 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb and Cd in both investigated onion bulb and soil were lower than Iranian national (onion bulb: Pb = 0.1 mg/kg, Cd = 0.05 mg/kg) and FAO/WHO (onion bulb: Pb = 0.3 mg/kg, Cd = 0.1 mg/kg; soil: Pb = 50 mg/kg, Cd = 0.3 mg/kg) standard limits. Moreover, the THQ and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for males and females in all age groups were less than 1 value. Therefore, no risk of the exposure to Pb and Cd as result of onion bulb consumption was reported. STVs for Pb and Cd in the HashtBandi region were calculated as 3.99 and 2.21 mg/kg, and Ravang as 2.03 and 2.22 mg/kg, respectively. Due to the higher calculated STVs for Cd while compared with the established standard limit for the soil, the further revisions regarding the heavy metal standard limits in the soil were recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Azimeh Khezri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Alireza Darvishi
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ahmadi
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vajihe Hasanzadeh
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aziz Rahimizadeh
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Hassan Keramati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bigard Moradi
- Department of Health Public, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazak Amanidaz
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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Razzaghi N, Ziarati P, Rastegar H, Shoeibi S, Amirahmadi M, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Fakhri Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of pesticide residues in commercially available olive oils in Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chaleshtori FS, Arian A, Chaleshtori RS. Assessment of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate preservatives in some products in Kashan, Iran with estimation of human health risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:634-638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091837. [PMID: 30149596 PMCID: PMC6163851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration of some pollutants which are categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and o-xylenes (o-X), in the air of Tehran was evaluated by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Also, the health risk for the exposed population was estimated using the recommended methods by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rank order based on their concentration in BTEX was benzene (149.18 µg/m3: 31%) > o-xylene (127.16 µg/m3: 27%) > ethylbenzene (110.15 µg/m3: 23%) > toluene (87.97 µg/m3: 19%). The ratio B/T in this study was calculated as 1.69, repressing that both stationary and mobile sources of emission can be considered as the main sources for benzene and toluene. Moreover, strong photochemical activity in Tehran was demonstrated by the high ratio of E/o-X. Meta-regression indicates that the concentration of BTEX has insignificantly (p-value > 0.05) increased over time. The BTEX compounds based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) were ordered as benzene > o-xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene. Percentile 95% of THQ due to benzene (4.973) and o-xylene (1.272) was higher than a value of 1. Percentile 95% excessive cancer risk (ECR) for benzene (1.25 × 106) and ethylbenzene (1.11 × 106) was higher than a value of 1.00 × 106. The health risk assessment indicated that the population of Tehran are at considerable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
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47
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The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in milk of Middle East region: A systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:653-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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