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Quitian-Useche YF, Sánchez-Ortiz BL, Borges SF, Ramos B, de Souza GC, Batista MA, da Silva Hage Melim LI, Ferreira IM, Carvalho JCT, Borges RS. Fatty ethanolamide of Bertholletia excelsa triglycerides (Brazil nuts): anti-inflammatory action and acute toxicity evaluation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1519-1537. [PMID: 34498144 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty amides (N-alkylamides) are bioactive lipids that are widely distributed in microorganisms, animals, and plants. The low yield in the extraction process of spilantol, a fatty amide, which is mainly related to its diverse biological effects, compromises its application on a large scale. Thus, this study proposes an alternative method to synthesise fatty amides from Bertholletia excelsa (AGBe) oil, with a chemical structure similar to that of spilantol. Carrageenan-induced abdominal oedema in vivo models were used in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In in vivo studies, oral AGBe produced no signs of toxicity. In the histopathological study, AGBe did not cause significant changes in the main metabolising organs (liver, kidneys, and intestines). All doses of AGBe (100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 750 mg/kg) were effective in reducing oedema by 65%, 69%, and 95%, respectively, producing a dose-response effect compared to the control group, and spilantol-inhibited oedema by 48%. In the in silico study, with the use of molecular docking, it was observed that among the AGBe, the molecules 18:1, ω-7-ethanolamine, and 18:1, ω-9-ethanolamine stood out, with 21 interactions for COX-2 and 20 interactions for PLA2, respectively, surpassing the spilantol standard with 15 interactions for COX-2 and PLA2. The anti-inflammatory action hypothesis was confirmed in the in silico study, demonstrating the involvement of AGBe in the process of inhibiting the enzymes COX-2 and PLA2. Therefore, based on all the results obtained and the fact that until the dose of 1000 mg/kg was administered orally in zebrafish, it was not possible to determine the LD50; it can be said that AGBe is effective and safe for anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Fernanda Quitian-Useche
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Brenda Lorena Sánchez-Ortiz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Swanny Ferreira Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Benilson Ramos
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Curso de Química, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Gisele Custódio de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Mateus Alves Batista
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Lorane Izabel da Silva Hage Melim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.,Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Curso de Química, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Raphaelle Sousa Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, km 02, Macapá, Amapá, 68902-280, Brazil.
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Yang FW, Li YX, Ren FZ, Luo J, Pang GF. Assessment of the endocrine-disrupting effects of organophosphorus pesticide triazophos and its metabolites on endocrine hormones biosynthesis, transport and receptor binding in silico. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110759. [PMID: 31421215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triazophos (TAP) was a widely used organophosphorus insecticide in developing countries. TAP could produce specific metabolites triazophos-oxon (TAPO) and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole (PHT) and non-specific metabolites diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethylphosphate (DEP). The objective of this study involved computational approaches to discover potential mechanisms of molecular interaction of TAP and its major metabolites with endocrine hormone-related proteins using molecular docking in silico. We found that TAP, TAPO and DEP showed high binding affinity with more proteins and enzymes than PHT and DETP. TAP might interfere with the endocrine function of the adrenal gland, and TAP might also bind strongly with glucocorticoid receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. TAPO might disrupt the normal binding of androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and adrenergic receptor to their natural hormone ligands. DEP might affect biosynthesis of steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. Meanwhile, DEP might disrupt the binding and transport of thyroid hormones in the blood and the normal binding of thyroid hormones to their receptors. These results suggested that TAP and DEP might have endocrine disrupting activities and were potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. Our results provided further reference for the comprehensive evaluation of toxicity of organophosphorus chemicals and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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