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Bi B, Fu X, Jian X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Zhao H. Assessment of the potential risks in SD rats gavaged with genetically modified yeast containing the cp4-epsps gene. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1411520. [PMID: 39170628 PMCID: PMC11335726 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1411520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the absence of definitive evidence indicating that the cp4-epsps gene and its resultant recombinant proteins have significant harmful effects on either human or animal health, the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops expressing the CP4-EPSPS proteins has been controversial. This study endeavor was aimed at evaluating the potential risks posed by the CP4-EPSPS protein in transgenic crops, thereby contributing to the advancement of risk assessment methodologies in the context of genetically engineered crops. Methods To ascertain the appropriate daily dosages for oral gavage administration, the expression levels of the CP4-EPSPS protein in a recombinant yeast were quantified. Subsequently, physiological and biochemical analysis, metabolomics, and metagenomic analysis were conducted based on a 90-day Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats feeding experiment, respectively, thereby enhancing the depth and precision of our risk assessment framework. Results The results from the physiological and biochemical analysis, organ pathological, blood metabolism, gut microbiota, and correlation analysis of metabolites and gut microbiota revealed several biomarkers for further risk assessment. These biomarkers include clinical biochemical indexes such as total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); metabolites like Methionine, 2-Oxovaleric acid, and LysoPC (16:0); and gut microbiota including Blautia wexlerae, Holdemanella biformis, Dorea sp. CAG 317, Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae. Conclusion In conclusion, the risk can be significantly reduced by directly consuming inactivated recombinant CP4-EPSPS. Therefore, in everyday life, the risk associated with consuming GM foods containing recombinant CP4-EPSPS is substantially reduced after heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bi
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Fu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Jian
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Guangzhou Zhixin High School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Research Center of Biomass 3D Printing Materials, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Smith BL, Carlson AB, Fallers MN, Crumplar SS, Zimmermann CS, Mathesius CA, Mukerji P, McNaughton JL, Herman RA. Rodent and broiler feeding studies with maize containing genetically modified event DP-915635-4 show no adverse effects on health or performance. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114716. [PMID: 38735358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Several regulatory agencies continue to require animal feeding studies to approve new genetically modified crops despite such studies providing little value in the safety assessment. Feeding studies with maize grain containing event DP-915635-4 (DP915635), a new corn rootworm management trait, were conducted to fulfill that requirement. Diets fed to Crl:CD®(SD) rats for 90 days contained up to 50% ground maize grain from DP915635, non-transgenic control, or non-transgenic reference hybrids (P1197, 6158, and 6365). Ross 708 broilers received phase diets containing up to 67% maize grain from each source for 42 days. Growth performance was compared between animals fed DP915635 and control diets; rats were further evaluated for clinical and neurobehavioral measures, ophthalmology, clinical pathology, organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology, whereas carcass parts and select organ yields were determined for broilers. Reference group inclusion assisted in determining natural variation influence on observed significant differences between DP915635 and control groups. DP915635 maize grain diet consumption did not affect any measure evaluated in either feeding study. Results demonstrated DP-915635-4 maize grain safety and nutritional equivalency when fed in nutritionally adequate diets, adding to the existing literature confirming the lack of significant effects of feeding grain from genetically modified plants.
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Bhutta MS, Awais M, Raouf A, Anjum A, Azam S, Shahid N, Malik K, Shahid AA, Rao AQ. Biosafety and toxicity assessment of transgenic cotton-harboring insecticide and herbicide tolerant genes on albino mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae043. [PMID: 38525247 PMCID: PMC10960071 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic engineering has revolutionized agriculture by transforming biotic and abiotic stress-resistance genes in plants. The biosafety of GM crops is a major concern for consumers and regulatory authorities. Methodology A 14-week biosafety and toxicity analysis of transgenic cotton, containing 5 transgenes ((Cry1Ac, Cry2A, CP4 EPSPS, VIP3Aa, and ASAL)), was conducted on albino mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups (Conventional, Non-transgenic, without Bt, and transgenic, containing targeted crop) according to the feed given, with 10 mice in each group, with 5 male and 5 female mice in each group. Results During the study, no biologically significant changes were observed in the non-transgenic and transgenic groups compared to the control group in any of the study's parameters i.e. increase in weight of mice, physiological, pathological, and molecular analysis, irrespective of the gender of the mice. However, a statistically significant change was observed in the hematological parameters of the male mice, while no such change was observed in the female study group mice. The expression analysis, however, of the TNF gene increases many folds in the transgenic group as compared to the non-transgenic and conventional groups. Conclusion Overall, no physiological, pathological, or molecular toxicity was observed in the mice fed with transgenic feed. Therefore, it can be speculated that the targeted transgenic crop is biologically safe. However, more study is required to confirm the biosafety of the product on the animal by expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Bhutta
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Raouf
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, 51310 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azam
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naila Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 West Canal Rd, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector 1، Lahore, Punjab 53700 Lahore, Pakistan
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Zhou Q, Li S, Zhao M, Liu Y, He N, Zhou X, Zhou D, Qian Z. A 90-day feeding study of genetically modified maize LP007-1 in wistar han RCC rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114026. [PMID: 37709249 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
LP007-1 is a variety of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize containing the modified cry1Ab, cry2Ab, vip3Aa and cp4-epsps genes. The food safety assessment of the maize LP007-1 was conducted in Wistar Han RCC rats by a 90-days feeding study. Maize grains from both LP007-1 or its corresponding non-genetically modified control maize AX808 were incorporated into rodent diets at 25% and 50% concentrations by mass and administered to rats (n = 10/sex/group) for 90 days. A commercialized rodent diet was fed to an additional group as the basal-diet group. The diets of all groups were nutritionally balanced. No biologically relevant differences were observed in rats fed with maize LP007-1 compared to rats fed with AX808 and the basal-diet with respect to body weight/gain, food consumption/utilization, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (hematology, prothrombin time, activation of partial thrombin time, serum chemistry, urinalysis), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology. Considering the circumstances of this study, the results provided evidence that LP007-1 maize did not exhibit toxicity in the 90-day feeding study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Shufei Li
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Dianming Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Toxicology, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
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P07-45 Toxicity assessment of transgenic cotton containing double gene (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) and triple gene (Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, and EPSPS) as plant incorporated protectants against insects and weed. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Peng Y, He W, Li Y, Liu L, Deng B, Yan G, Yang J, Wang F, Ma L, Wu G, Zhai C. Degradation of CP4-EPSPS with a Psychrophilic Bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 780. Biomolecules 2022; 12:318. [PMID: 35204818 PMCID: PMC8869762 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CP4-EPSPS (Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) protein showed remarkable thermostability and was highly resistant to proteases, such as trypsin. In order to eliminate the pollution of CP4-EPSPS from the accumulated straws to the surrounding environment during the winter, the present study investigated the extracellular proteases of 21 psychrophilic strains isolated from the south polar region. The results indicated that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 780 was able to degrade CP4-EPSPS at 18 °C efficiently. Further study indicated that it was able to grow in the extract of Roundup Ready soybean at 18 °C, with CP4-EPSPS degraded to an undetectable level within 72 h. The extracellular proteases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 780 are thermo-sensitive, with an optimal temperature of 65 °C. The genomic sequencing result indicated that this strain had more than a hundred putative protease and peptidase coding genes, which may explain its high capability in decomposing CP4-EPSPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Wencong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Yunjing Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Binyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Guangbo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Chao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.P.); (W.H.); (L.L.); (B.D.); (G.Y.); (J.Y.); (F.W.); (L.M.)
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Lv F, Wang P, Zhang E, Ma L, Gao L, Yang R, Wang Q, Li Y. Efficient Transformation of Catalpa bungei Shows Crystal Genes Conferring Resistance to the Shoot Borer Omphisa plagialis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777411. [PMID: 35003162 PMCID: PMC8739885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although Catalpa bungei is a forest plant with considerable economic and ornamental value in China, its wood and decorative qualities are constrained by insect pests such as the shoot borer Omphisa plagialis (Lepidoptera). Overexpressing insect resistance genes such as crystal genes to develop an insect-resistant variety of C. bungei is an environmental and ecological approach. However, genotype limitations and low regeneration rates of embryogenic calli (EC) inhibit the development of transformation and the insect-resistant gene expression system in C. bungei. Here, we first established embryogenic callus induction and regeneration systems of five genotypes using mature seed and stem segment explants; the highest induction and regeneration rates of EC were 39.89 and 100%, respectively. Next, an efficient and stable Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system was developed from EC and its positive frequency was up to 92.31%. Finally, using the transformation system, 15 and 22 transgenic C. bungei lines that expressed Cry2A and Cry9Aa-like were generated, respectively. These transgenic lines that exhibited significantly higher resistance to O. plagialis in the laboratory and field have great promise for meeting the challenge of future pest management under changing climatic conditions. Additionally, this efficient, fast, and stable transformation system could be a potential tool for gene function analysis and forest tree genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ya Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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