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Ren L, Peng H, Mu H, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Xuan Q, Zhang X, Dai X, Chen Y, Fan M, Mo F, Li B, Yan L, Zheng G. 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granule in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124176. [PMID: 38870606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Jinmao Jiedu granule is a Chinese medicine preparation consisting of Actinidia valvata Dunn, Salvia chinensis Benth, Iphigenia indica Kunth, and chicken gizzard. For many years, it has been employed in adjuvant therapy for cancer, especially liver cancer. However, the potential toxicity of the granule has not been reported. The present study aimed to assess the repeated-dose toxicity of orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules at doses of 2.85, 5.70, and 11.40 g/kg in a 28-day subchronic toxicity study. No adverse clinical signs associated with treatment were noted throughout the experiment. There were no treatment-related toxicity alterations in body weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, necropsy, and histopathology in rats compared with the control group. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of the Jinmao Jiedu granule was higher than 11.40 g/kg/day in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xibin Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiwen Xuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiayan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minwei Fan
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Company Limited, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guoyin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zhao J, Luan Y, Chen Y, Cheng L, Qin Q. Toxicological and transcriptomic-based analysis of monensin and sulfamethazine co-exposure on male SD rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114110. [PMID: 36155339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residue has become an emerging environmental contaminant, while the toxicological effects and underlying mechanisms caused by the co-exposure to multiple veterinary antibiotics were rarely studied. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to monensin (M) (1, 2, 10 mg/(kg·body weight (BW)) combined with sulfamethazine (S) (60, 120, 600 mg/(kg·BW)) or single drugs for 28 consecutive days. The body weight, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ coefficients, and histopathology were analyzed to discover their combined toxicity effect. Transcriptomic analysis was used to reveal the possible mechanisms of their joint toxicity. Compared with the control group, the weight gain rate was significantly reduced in the H-M+S and H-S, and alkaline phosphatase in H-M+S was significantly increased. Furthermore, relative liver and kidneys weight was significantly increased, and the liver of H-M+S showed more severe lesions in histopathological analysis. For H-M+S, H-M and H-S, transcriptomic results showed that 344, 246, and 99 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. The Gene Ontology terms mainly differ in sterol biosynthetic process and steroid hydroxylase activity. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathways showed abnormal retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and drug metabolism-cytochrome 450; the common 30 genes were screened from the network of protein-protein interaction. The results showed that mixed contamination of M and S produces hepatotoxicity by interfering with linoleic acid metabolism, retinol metabolism and CYP450 enzyme-dominated drug metabolism. Further analysis showed that Cyp1a2, Cyp2c61, Ugt1a3, and Ugt1a5 might be the key genes. These findings could provide more evidence for investigating the toxic effects and metabolism of mixed antibiotics contamination in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yehui Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Linli Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; National Reference Laboratory on Residue of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100093, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Source Food Safety Testing Technology, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Qianxi Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China.
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Alaqeel NK, AlSheikh MH, Al-Hariri MT. Quercetin Nanoemulsion Ameliorates Neuronal Dysfunction in Experimental Alzheimer's Disease Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1986. [PMID: 36290710 PMCID: PMC9598210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal that can get admission to the human through several means that include our food, drinking water, cans, drugs, and deodorants, causing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to evaluate the role of quercetin nanoemulsion (QCNE) in attenuating neuronal dysfunction in aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced experimental AD. All animals were classified into six groups including negative control group (I): received a vehicle; QC group: received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of QC; Alzheimer's group: received AlCl3 orally; treated group (I): received AlCl3 orally and IP injection of QC; treated group (II): received AlCl3 orally and QC orally; and treated group (III): received AlCl3 orally and IP injection of QCNE. At the end of the experimental period (30 days), the brain was used to study biochemical parameters (measurement of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine), oxidant/antioxidant parameters (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and advanced oxidation protein product), and inflammatory markers (adiponectin, interleukin 1β, and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha)), while another part was for brain immune-histochemical analysis (study cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2)). Results showed that the mean value of oxidative stress markers was significantly increased in the AD group as well as the inflammatory biomarkers and all the study neurotransmitters, whereas these parameters were attenuated in treated groups, especially those that received QCNE. The immunohistochemistry findings confirm our results. Both approaches (QC and QCNE) succeeded in retracting the negative impact of AlCl3. Meanwhile, the effect of QCNE is more potent in mitigating the impact mediated by AlCl3 in treated animals. In conclusion, the treatment mainly by QCNE has huge potential in protecting against AlCl3-induced neuronal dysfunction, as shown in our results by the elevation of brain antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities and neurotransmitter levels as well as mending of the histopathological changes in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf K. Alaqeel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona H. AlSheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34719, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34719, Saudi Arabia
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Timm D, Satomoto K, Minegawa K. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity evaluation of isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex using Ames test and a combined micronucleus and comet assay in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:221-235. [PMID: 35650139 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids such as quercetin and its glucosides, especially isoquercitrin are well known as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-carcinogenic, etc. The safety of isoquercitrin formulations needs to be established prior to their use in functional food applications. The mutagenicity and genotoxicity of the IQC-γCD inclusion complex were assessed with three standard assays of the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and using a combined in-vivo micronucleus and comet assay under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In combined rat bone marrow micronucleus and rat liver comet assay performed in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, the various doses of IQC-γCD inclusion complex (max. 2000 mg/kg bw) and positive controls ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC), respectively, and negative control (vehicle) were administrated. The results of the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (strains TA100, TA1535, WP2uvrA, TA98, and TA1537) after exposure to the IQC-γCD inclusion complex with the absence and presence of the metabolic activation system (S9 fraction from rat liver) revealed a weakly positive response but with no biologically relevant mutagenicity at the conditions examined according to recommended regulatory guidelines. The combined micronucleus and comet assay results reveal that the IQC-γCD inclusion complex did not induce in-vivo genotoxic potential or indication of any oxidative DNA damage in rat liver tissues. Altogether, considering the results of the study, it is unlikely that the consumption of IQC-γCD inclusion complex as food or supplement would present any concern for humans regarding the mutagenicity and genotoxicity.
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Fan X, Song H, Xu X, Lu X, Wang Y, Duan X. Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Sodium p-Hydroxybenzoate in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843368. [PMID: 35355716 PMCID: PMC8959674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA), which exists extensively in plants, is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects, but various adverse side effects have also been reported. Previous research has found that acid translated to its sodium salt improves the safety profile of compounds. Therefore, we hypothesized that p-HBA translated to sodium p-hydroxybenzoate would improve its safety profile. In the present study, we evaluated the toxicity of sodium p-hydroxybenzoate after 90 days of repeated oral toxicity experiments according to OECD guidelines in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was administered orally to SD rats at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for 90 days. All animals survived to the end of the study, and no sodium p-hydroxybenzoate treatment-associated mortality or clinical changes were observed during the study period. Sodium p-hydroxybenzoate did not promote any clinical signs of toxicologically relevant effects, including changes in body weight, food intake and urinalysis parameters, in male or female SD rats. Dose-related alterations in hematological parameters, organ weights and histopathological findings in hepatic tissue were examined in animals of both sexes in the 500 mg/kg BW/day group. Based on the study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for sodium p-hydroxybenzoate was determined to be 250 mg/kg BW/day in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengzhi Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xi Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoqun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Ozeki M, Timm D. Structural elucidation of novel isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin (IQC-γCD) molecular inclusion complexes of potential health benefits. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Uguri K, Timm D, Kuroiwa Y. Bioavailability of dietary isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex in Sprague–Dawley rats and healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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