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Kurt-Celep İ, Zengin G, Uba AI, Caprioli G, Mustafa AM, Angeloni S, Cakilcioglu U, Guler O, Kaplan A, Sharmeen J, Mahomoodally MF. Unraveling the chemical profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, cytotoxic potential of different extracts from Astragalus caraganae. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300263. [PMID: 37434089 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Six extracts (water, ethanol, ethanol-water, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane) of Astragalus caraganae were studied for their biological activities and bioactive contents. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), the ethanol-water extract yielded the highest total bioactive content (4242.90 µg g-1 ), followed by the ethanol and water extracts (3721.24 and 3661.37 µg g-1 , respectively), while the least total bioactive content was yielded by the hexane extract, followed by the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts (47.44, 274.68, and 688.89 µg g-1 , respectively). Rutin, p-coumaric, chlorogenic, isoquercitrin, and delphindin-3,5-diglucoside were among the major components. Unlike the dichloromethane extracts, all the other extracts showed radical scavenging ability in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay (8.73-52.11 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g), while all extracts displayed scavenging property in the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay (16.18-282.74 mg TE/g). The extracts showed antiacetylcholinesterase (1.27-2.73 mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]/g), antibutyrylcholinesterase (0.20-5.57 mg GALAE/g) and antityrosinase (9.37-63.56 mg kojic acid equivalent [KAE]/g) effects. The molecular mechanism of the H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress pathway was aimed to be elucidated by applying ethanol, ethanol/water and water extracts at 200 µg/mL concentration to human dermal cells (HDFs). A. caraganae in HDF cells had neither a cytotoxic nor genotoxic effect but could have a cytostatic effect in increasing concentrations. The findings have allowed a better insight into the pharmacological potential of the plant, with respect to their chemical entities and bioactive contents, as well as extraction solvents and their polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Kurt-Celep
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ataşehir, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi I Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ugur Cakilcioglu
- Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Pertek, Turkey
| | - Osman Guler
- Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Pertek, Turkey
| | - Alevcan Kaplan
- Sason Vocational School, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Jugreet Sharmeen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Mohamad F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Güven L, Erturk A, Miloğlu FD, Alwasel S, Gulcin İ. Screening of Antiglaucoma, Antidiabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Antioxidant Activities of Astragalus alopecurus Pall-Analysis of Phenolics Profiles by LC-MS/MS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050659. [PMID: 37242442 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus species are traditionally used for diabetes, ulcers, leukemia, wounds, stomachaches, sore throats, abdominal pain, and toothaches. Although the preventive effects of Astragalus species against diseases are known, there is no record of the therapeutic effects of Astragalus alopecurus. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiglaucoma, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and antioxidant activities of the methanolic (MEAA) and water (WEAA) extracts of the aerial part of A. alopecurus. Additionally, its phenolic compound profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MEAA and WEAA were evaluated for their inhibition ability on α-glycosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) enzymes. The phenolic compounds of MEAA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. In this context, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DMPD), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating methods. MEAA and WEAA had IC50 values of 9.07 and 2.24 μg/mL for α-glycosidase, 693.15 and 346.58 μg/mL for α-amylase, 1.99 and 2.45 μg/mL for AChE, and 147.7 and 171.7 μg/mL for hCA II. While the total phenolic amounts in MEAA and WEAA were 16.00 and 18.50 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg extract, the total flavonoid contents in both extracts were calculated as 66.23 and 33.115 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/mg, respectively. MEAA and WEAA showed, respectively, variable activities on DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 99.02 and 115.53 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging (IC50: 32.21 and 30.22 µg/mL), DMPD radical scavenging (IC50: 231.05 and 65.22 μg/mL), and Fe2+ chelating (IC50: 46.21 and 33.01 μg/mL). MEAA and WEAA reducing abilities were, respectively, Fe3+ reducing (λ700: 0.308 and 0.284), FRAP (λ593: 0.284 and 0.284), and CUPRAC (λ450: 0.163 and 0.137). A total of 35 phenolics were scanned, and 10 phenolic compounds were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. LC-MS/MS revealed that MEAA mainly contained isorhamnetin, fumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid derivatives. This is the first report indicating that MEAA and WEAA have α-glycosidase, α-amylase, AChE, hCA II inhibition abilities, and antioxidant activities. These results demonstrate the potential of Astragalus species through antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitor ability traditionally used in medicine. This work provides the foundation for further research into the establishment of novel therapeutics for diabetes, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Güven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Erturk
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Hınıs Vocational School, Ataturk University, 25600 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirkaya Miloğlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Ali A, Kiloni SM, Cáceres-Vélez PR, Jusuf PR, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicological Screening of Native Australian Fruits Using Zebrafish Embryonic Model. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244038. [PMID: 36553779 PMCID: PMC9777714 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals play a pivotal role in human health and drug discovery. The safety evaluation of plant extracts is a prerequisite to ensure that all phytochemicals are safe before translational development and human exposure. As phytochemicals are natural, they are generally considered safe, although this is not always true. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and safety evaluation of native Australian Muntries (Kunzea pomifera), Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana), Davidson plum (Davidsonia) and Quandong peach (Santalum acuminatum) through the in vivo vertebrate zebrafish embryonic model. The highest total phenolic content (TPC; 793.89 ± 22.27 μg GAE/mg) was quantified in Kakadu plum, while the lowest TPC (614.44 ± 31.80 μg GAE/mg) was quantified in Muntries. Developmental alterations, mortality, and morbidity were assessed for toxicological screening of these selected native Australian fruit extracts. In this study, muntries were quantified as having the least LC50 value (169 mg/L) compared to Davidson plum (376 mg/L), Kakadu plum (>480 mg/L), and Quandong peach (>480 mg/L), which indicates that muntries extract was more toxic than other fruit extracts. Importantly, we found that adverse effects were not correlated to the total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of these native Australian fruits and cannot simply be predicted from the in vitro analysis. Conclusively, these selected native Australian fruit extracts are categorized as safe. This study could explore the use of these native Australian fruits in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Kiloni
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Patricia R. Jusuf
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence:
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A multifunctional key to open a new window on the path to natural resources-lessons from a study on chemical composition and biological capability of Paeonia mascula L. from Turkey. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zengin G, Uba AI, Ocal M, Sharifi-Rad M, Caprioli G, Angeloni S, Altunoglu YC, Baloglu MC, Yıldıztugay E. Integration of in vitro and in silico approaches to assess three Astragalus species from Turkey flora: A novel spotlight from lab bench to functional applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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An In-Depth Study on the Metabolite Profile and Biological Properties of Primula auriculata Extracts: A Fascinating Sparkle on the Way from Nature to Functional Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071377. [PMID: 35883868 PMCID: PMC9312287 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of the aerial part and rhizomes of Primula auriculata were assessed for the first time. The biological activities (antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibition, and AGE inhibition) as well as the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, hydro-ethanol and water extracts of P. auriculata aerial parts and rhizomes were determined. Cell viability assays and gelatin zymography were also performed for MMP-2/-9 to determine the molecular mechanisms of action. The gene expression for MMPs was described with RT-PCR. The levels of various proteins, including phospho-Nf-κB, BCL-2, BAX, p-53, and cyclin D1 as well as RAGE were measured using Western blot analysis. The hydro-ethanol extract of the aerial part possessed the highest phenolic (56.81 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (63.92 mg RE/g) contents. In-depth profiling of the specialized metabolites by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) allowed for the identification and annotation of 65 compounds, including phenolic acids and glycosides, flavones, flavonols, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, and saponins. The hydro-ethanol extract of the aerial parts (132.65, 180.87, 172.46, and 108.37 mg TE/g, for the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively) and the ethanol extract of the rhizomes (415.06, 638.30, 477.77, and 301.02 mg TE/g, for the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively) exhibited the highest free radical scavenging and reducing activities. The ethanol and hydro-ethanol extracts of both the P. auriculata aerial part and rhizomes exhibited higher inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, while the hydro-ethanol extracts (1.16 mmol ACAE/g, for both the aerial part and rhizomes extracts) were more active in the inhibition of α-glucosidase. After the treatment of an HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line with the extracts, the apoptosis mechanism was initiated, the integrity of the ECM was remodeled, and cell proliferation was also taken under control. In this way, Primula extracts were shown to be potential drug sources in the treatment of colorectal cancer. They were also detected as natural MMP inhibitors. The findings presented in the present study appraise the bioactivity of P. auriculata, an understudied species. Additional assessment is required to evaluate the cytotoxicity of P. auriculata as well as its activity in ex vivo systems.
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Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties, and HPLC–MS/MS Profiles of Different Extracts of Arabis carduchorum Boiss.: An Endemic Plant to Turkey. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, six extracts of Arabis carduchorum prepared from solvents of varying polarity (water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane) were investigated for their chemical profiles and total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC/TFC) using HPLC–MS/MS and spectrophotometric/colorimetric assays, respectively, along with the assessment of their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. In general, the polar extracts (methanol, water, and infusion) showed higher TPC/TFC than the other extracts (range:13.73–26.62 mg GAE/g; 2.66–52.95 mg RE/g, respectively). The total antioxidant capacity of the polar extracts ranged from 0.90–1.85 mmol TE/g in phosphomolybdenum assay, while the free radical scavenging potential ranged from 4.36–32.13 mg TE/g and 12.58–67.73 mg TE/g in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. While the water and infuse extract inhibited only butyrylcholinesterase (2.68 and 2.39 mg GALAE/g, respectively), the other extracts were found to inhibit both acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases (0.96–2.73 mg GALAE/g and 1.86–5.11 mg GALAE/g, respectively). On the contrary, all extracts exhibited anti-tyrosinase (40.24–59.22 mg KAE/g) and anti-amylase (0.09–0.63 mmol ACAE/g) activities. Overall, this study highlighted the effect of solvent polarity on the extraction of bioactive compounds and the biological properties of the extracts of A. carduchorum; hence, the results obtained could be used to guide optimum extraction in future studies.
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Ocal M, Altunoglu YC, Angeloni S, Mustafa AM, Caprioli G, Zengin G, Paksoy MY, Baloglu MC. Comparative Content, Biological and Anticancer Activities of Heracleum humile Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101040. [PMID: 35638152 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As the safety and effectiveness of synthetic drugs remain in doubt, researchers are trying to develop natural medicines from medicinal plants. Herein, ethyl acetate, methanol and water extracts from the Heracleum humile plant were obtained by an ultrasonic-assisted extraction process and the aim was to evaluate some biological effects of the extracts due to the limited data on the pharmacological properties of Heracleum humile in the literature. Weak antibacterial activity was observed on tested bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration values ranged from 250 to 500 μg/mL. In addition, cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTT test. The strongest findings were determined for ethyl acetate extract on the MDA-MB-231 cell lines at the 48th hour (IC50 :97.94 μg/mL), followed by the MCF-7 cell lines at the 24th hour (IC50 :103.9 μg/mL). All extracts of Heracleum humile contained mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids and their derivatives, i. e., well-known compounds that possess numerous biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial etc. The study results could provide important information that Heracleum humile could be a potential candidate as a natural enzyme inhibitor. It can be concluded that these extracts could be useful in the elementary step of improving novel plant-derived multifunctional pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ocal
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yavuz Paksoy
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Documentation and Secretaryship Programme, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cengiz Baloglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Zhou F, Chen C, Shi J, Zhou Q, Jin L, Ma X. Clinical Study on the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence With Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction. Front Surg 2022; 9:882621. [PMID: 35495748 PMCID: PMC9043452 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.882621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the clinical application value of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods A total of 103 female patients with SUI were included in this study, 13 were lost to follow-up, and the final number of studies was 90. General information about the patients, including age, years of menopause, body mass index (BMI), reproductive history, chronic respiratory disease, hypertension, and diabetes, were recorded. All the patients were treated with Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction alone for 4 weeks. The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICI-QSF) and 72-h voiding diary were used to evaluate the patients' subjective symptoms and urinary incontinence degree before treatment, 1 month after treatment and 1 year after treatment, the efficacy and efficacy-related factors of Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction in the treatment of female SUI were analyzed. Results One month after Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction treatment, compared with before treatment, the PGI-I questionnaire was very much better (68.89%), much better (8.89%), a little better (12.33%), no change (8.89%), the ICI-QSF score decreased (P < 0.05), and 72-h urine leakage frequency decreased (P < 0.05); One year after treatment compared with before treatment, the PGI-I questionnaire was very much better (40.00%), much better (17.78%), a little better (12.22%), no change (30.00%), the ICI-QSF score decreased (P < 0.05), and 72-h urine leakage frequency decreased (P < 0.05); and 1 year after treatment compared with 1 month after treatment, the ratio of very much better at 1 year after treatment was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the score of the ICI-QSF was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and 72-h urine leakage frequency was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the efficacy at 1 month after treatment was negatively correlated with the severity of SUI and chronic respiratory diseases, but was not significantly correlated with age, menopause status, BMI, number of pregnancies, and number of births. The efficacy at 1 year after treatment was negatively correlated with the severity of SUI, chronic respiratory disease, age, and number of births and was positively correlated with BMI, but not significantly correlated with menopause status and number of pregnancies. Conclusion Modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction can effectively treat SUI in women. The efficacy is related to the severity of SUI and chronic abdominal hypertension, but the long-term efficacy decreases.
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