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Zhang H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Dong J, Jiang S, Tang Y. DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury via regulating the gut-liver axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112895. [PMID: 39133957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine (DHA-PS) on liver injury induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice, focusing on the gut-liver axis. METHODS A mouse model was established by administering CTX (80 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 5 days. DHA-PS (50 or 100 mg/kg) was administered for the next 7 days to assess its reparative impact on liver damage. RESULTS The findings revealed significant improvements in liver biochemical indices, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress levels in the mice treated with DHA-PS. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, DHA-PS mitigated CTX-induced metabolic disruptions by modulating lipid, amino acid, and pyrimidine metabolism. Immunofluorescence analysis further confirmed that DHA-PS reduced the expression of liver-associated inflammatory proteins by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, DHA-PS restored the intestinal barrier, evidenced by adjustments in the levels of intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1). It also improved gut microbiota balance by enhancing microbial diversity, increasing beneficial bacteria, and altering community structures. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DHA-PS could be a potential therapeutic agent or functional food for CTX-induced liver injury through its regulation of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Medical Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China.
| | - Yuanlei Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jiayu Dong
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Su Jiang
- ECA Healthcare Inc, Shanghai, 201101, China
| | - Yunping Tang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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2
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Hassan YF, Shabaan DA. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on hair follicle changes in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia: histological and biochemical study. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:477-491. [PMID: 38641701 PMCID: PMC11162382 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents one of the most severe side effects of chemotherapy, which forces some patients to reject cancer treatment. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CIA are not clearly understood, which makes it difficult to discover efficient preventive or therapeutic procedures for this adverse effect. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a strong antioxidant activity as it stimulates glutathione synthesis and acts as an oxygen radical scavenger. The current study tried to investigate the efficacy of NAC in preserving biochemical parameters and hair follicle structure against cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. In total, 40 adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to enter anagen by depilation (day 0) and divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (CYP) received a single dose of CYP [150 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)/intraperitoneal injection (IP)] at day 9, group III (CYP & NAC) received a single dose of CYP at day 9 as well as NAC (500 mg/kg B.W./day/IP) from day 6-16, and group IV (NAC) received NAC from day 6-16. CYP administration in group II induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), histological hair follicle dystrophy, disruption of follicular melanogenesis, overexpression of p53, and loss of ki67 immunoreactivity. NAC coadministration in group III reversed CYP-induced alterations in the biochemical parameters and preserved hair follicle structure, typical follicular melanin distribution as well as normal pattern of p53 and ki67 expression. These findings indicated that NAC could be used as an efficient and safe therapeutic option for hair loss induced by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna F Hassan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Dalia A Shabaan
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Tang P, Ren G, Zou H, Liu S, Zhang J, Ai Z, Hu Y, Cui L, Nan B, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Ameliorative effect of total ginsenosides from heat-treated fresh ginseng against cyclophosphamide-induced liver injury in mice. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100734. [PMID: 38708102 PMCID: PMC11066594 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of heat treatment on the conversion of ginsenoside and the ameliorative effect of heat-treated total ginsenoside (HG) from fresh ginseng on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced liver injury. LC-MS analysis revealed that the content of rare ginsenosides increased markedly after heat treatment. HG significantly attenuated CTX-induced hepatic histopathological injury in mice. Western blotting analysis showed that untreated total ginsenoside (UG) and HG regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/MAPK pathways. Importantly, these results may be relevant to the modulation of the intestinal flora. UG and HG significantly increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria Lactobacillus and reduced the LPS-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. These changes in intestinal flora affected the levels of TNF-α, LPS and SCFAs. In short, UG and HG alleviated CTX-induced liver injury by regulating the intestinal flora and the LPS-TLR4-MAPK pathway, and HG was more effective. HG has the potential to be a functional food that can alleviate chemical liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangquan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Football Education School, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junshun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- International Football Education School, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Guo Z, He K, Pang K, Yang D, Lyu C, Xu H, Wu D. Exploring Advanced Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Insights from the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Immunity Network. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4321. [PMID: 38673905 PMCID: PMC11050225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by immune-mediated injury to small bile ducts. Although PBC is an autoimmune disease, the effectiveness of conventional immunosuppressive therapy is disappointing. Nearly 40% of PBC patients do not respond to the first-line drug UDCA. Without appropriate intervention, PBC patients eventually progress to liver cirrhosis and even death. There is an urgent need to develop new therapies. The gut-liver axis emphasizes the interconnection between the gut and the liver, and evidence is increasing that gut microbiota and bile acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholestatic diseases. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, imbalance of bile acids, and immune-mediated bile duct injury constitute the triad of pathophysiology in PBC. Autoimmune cholangitis has the potential to be improved through immune system modulation. Considering the failure of conventional immunotherapies and the involvement of gut microbiota and bile acids in the pathogenesis, targeting immune factors associated with them, such as bile acid receptors, microbial-derived molecules, and related specific immune cells, may offer breakthroughs. Understanding the gut microbiota-bile acid network and related immune dysfunctions in PBC provides a new perspective on therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we summarize the latest advances in research of gut microbiota and bile acids in PBC and, for the first time, explore the possibility of related immune factors as novel immunotherapy targets. This article discusses potential therapeutic approaches focusing on regulating gut microbiota, maintaining bile acid homeostasis, their interactions, and related immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Kun He
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.G.); (K.P.); (D.Y.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (K.H.); (C.L.)
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Park C, Ji SY, Hwangbo H, Shin SY, Kim MY, Lee K, Kim DH, Cho BR, Lee H, Choi YH, You HJ. Enhancement of Immune Functions by Limosilactobacillus reuteri KBL346: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:141. [PMID: 38203313 PMCID: PMC10779160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have been widely used as probiotics because of their benefits for intestinal health and physiological functions. Among a variety of Lactobacillus genera, Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been studied for its ability to exert anti-inflammatory functions and its role in controlling metabolic disorders, as well as the production of the antimicrobial compound reuterin. However, the effects and mechanisms of L. reuteri on enhancing immune responses in the immunosuppressed states have been relatively understudied. In this study, we isolated an immunomodulatory strain, namely, L. reuteri KBL346 (KBL346), from a fecal sample of a 3-month-old infant in Korea. We evaluated the immunostimulatory activity and hematopoietic function of KBL346 in macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppressed mice. KBL346 increased the phagocytic activity against Candida albicans MYA-4788 in macrophages, and as biomarkers for this, increased secretions of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were confirmed. Also, the secretions of innate cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were increased. In CPA-induced immunosuppressed mice, KBL346 at a dosage of 1010 CFU/kg protected against spleen injury and suppressed levels of immune-associated parameters, including NK cell activity, T and B lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell abundance, cytokines, and immunoglobulins in vivo. The effects were comparable or superior to those in the Korean red ginseng positive control group. Furthermore, the safety assessment of KBL346 as a probiotic was conducted by evaluating its antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity, and metabolic characteristics. This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of KBL346, which could potentially be used as a supplement to enhance the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanseop Park
- KoBioLabs Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea (K.L.); (B.-R.C.)
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea (D.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea (D.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-yeon Shin
- KoBioLabs Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea (K.L.); (B.-R.C.)
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea (D.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiuk Lee
- KoBioLabs Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea (K.L.); (B.-R.C.)
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea (D.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Cho
- KoBioLabs Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea (K.L.); (B.-R.C.)
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea (D.H.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Xie L, Chen T, Qi X, Li H, Xie J, Wang L, Xie J, Huang Z. Exopolysaccharides from Genistein-Stimulated Monascus purpureus Ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Intestinal Injury via PI3K/AKT-MAPKs/NF-κB Pathways and Regulation of Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12986-13002. [PMID: 37611142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides from genistein-stimulated Monascus purpureus (G-EMP) exhibited immunomodulatory potential in vitro, but whether it had immune-enhancing effects in vivo and its potential mechanism are not yet known. Here, the immunomodulatory effects of G-EMP were investigated by establishing an immunosuppressed mouse model treated with cyclophosphamide (Cy). The results suggested that G-EMP effectively alleviated the signs of weight reduction and diet reduction caused by Cy, increased fecal water content and splenic index, and decreased the oxidative stress of the liver. Simultaneously, G-EMP improved Cy-induced intestinal injury by restoring villus length, increasing the number of cupped cells, upregulating the expression of mucin and tight junction proteins, and downregulating the ratio of apoptotic proteins (Bax/Bcl-2). It also boosted the levels of mouse colonic cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, G-EMP markedly enhanced immunomodulation via the activation of PI3K/AKT-MAPKs/NF-κB signal pathways. Furthermore, G-EMP intervention displayed a positive association with most immunological indexes by elevating the levels of short-chain fatty acids, varying gut microbiota composition, and enhancing beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, and S24-7). These findings demonstrated that G-EMP can strengthen immunity, repair intestinal mucosal damage, regulate gut microbiota, and be a potential source of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiayan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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7
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Gao S, Chen X, Yu Z, Du R, Chen B, Wang Y, Cai X, Xu J, Chen J, Duan H, Cai Y, Zheng G. Progress of research on the role of active ingredients of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in liver injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154836. [PMID: 37119760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying both endogenous and exogenous substances in the body. However, it is susceptible to damage from chemical and natural toxins. The high incidence and mortality rates of liver disease and its associated complications impose a significant economic burden and survival pressure on patients and their families. Various liver diseases exist, including cholestasis, viral and non-viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, and severe end-stage liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). Recent research has shown that flavonoids found in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) have the potential to normalize blood glucose, cholesterol levels, and liver lipid levels. Additionally, these flavonoids exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, prevent oxidation and lipid peroxidation, and reduce liver toxicity, thereby preventing liver injury. Given these promising findings, it is essential to explore the potential of active components in CRP for developing new drugs to treat liver diseases. OBJECTIVE Recent studies have revealed that flavonoids, including hesperidin (HD), hesperetin (HT), naringenin (NIN), nobiletin (NOB), naringin (NRG), tangerine (TN), and erodcyol (ED), are the primary bioactive components in CRP. These flavonoids exhibit various therapeutic effects on liver injury, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, and anti-tumor mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the research progress on the hepatoprotective effects of HD, HT, NIN, NOB, NRG, TN, ED and limonene (LIM), highlighting their underlying molecular mechanisms. Despite their promising effects, the current clinical application of these active ingredients in CRP has some limitations. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the full potential of these flavonoids and develop new therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. METHODS For this review, we conducted a systematic search of three databases (ScienceNet, PubMed, and Science Direct) up to July 2022, using the search terms "CRP active ingredient," "liver injury," and "flavonoids." The search data followed the PRISMA standard. RESULTS Our findings indicate that flavonoids found in CRP can effectively reduce drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, and non-alcoholic liver injury. These therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the ability of flavonoids to improve liver resistance to oxidative stress and inflammation while normalizing cholesterol and liver lipid levels by exhibiting anti-free radical and anti-lipid peroxidation properties. CONCLUSION Our review provides new insights into the potential of active components in CRP for preventing and treating liver injury by regulating various molecular targets within different cell signaling pathways. This information can aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rong Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Baizhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaoting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiepei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huiying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Kasztelan-Szczerbinska B, Rycyk-Bojarzynska A, Szczerbinska A, Cichoz-Lach H. Selected Aspects of the Intricate Background of Immune-Related Cholangiopathies-A Critical Overview. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030760. [PMID: 36771465 PMCID: PMC9921714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are rare immune-related cholangiopathies with still poorly explained pathogenesis. Although triggers of chronic inflammation with subsequent fibrosis that affect cholangiocytes leading to obliteration of bile ducts and conversion to liver cirrhosis are unclear, both disorders are regarded to be multifactorial. Different factors can contribute to the development of hepatocellular injury in the course of progressive cholestasis, including (1) body accumulation of bile acids and their toxicity, (2) decreased food intake and nutrient absorption, (3) gut microbiota transformation, and (4) reorganized host metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that intestinal microbiome composition not only can be altered by liver dysfunction, but in turn, it actively impacts hepatic conditions. In this review, we highlight the role of key factors such as the gut-liver axis, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid synthesis and circulation, and microbiome composition, which seem to be strongly related to PBC and PSC outcome. Emerging treatments and future therapeutic strategies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kasztelan-Szczerbinska
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Rycyk-Bojarzynska
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Halina Cichoz-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewski Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Bifidobacterium animalis A12 and Lactobacillus salivarius M18-6 Alleviate Alcohol Injury by keap1-Nrf2 Pathway and Thioredoxin System. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030439. [PMID: 36765968 PMCID: PMC9914461 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive drinking can significantly damage people's health and well-being. Although some lactic acid bacterial strains have been previously shown to alleviate the symptoms of alcohol injury, the mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. The aim of this study was to establish an alcohol injury model and examine the protective effect and mechanism of B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6. The results showed that A12 freeze-dried powder could maintain the survival rate of mice with alcohol injury at 100%. Compared with Alco group, L. salivarius M18-6 dead cell improved the survival rate of mice, attenuated liver steatosis, and significantly down-regulated serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) level; at the same time, it activated keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulated Superoxide dismutase (SOD), it protects mouse liver cells from oxidative stress induced by alcohol injury. In addition, B. animalis A12 can reduce the stress response to short-term alcohol intake and improve the ability of anti-oxidative stress by upregulating the level of isobutyric acid, reducing the level of keap1 protein in the liver of mice and upregulating the expression of thioredoxin genes (Txnrd1, Txnrd3, Txn1). Taken together, the results showed that B. animalis A12 and L. salivarius M18-6 alleviate alcohol injury in mice through keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and thioredoxin system.
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Alhusaini AM, Alhumaidan SA, Alharbi GM, Alzahrani EA, Sarawi WS, Alomar HA, Alanazi AM, Mattar DS, Hasan IH. Cross-Regulation between Autophagy and Apoptosis Induced by Vitamin E and Lactobacillus Plantarum through Beclin-1 Network. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315305. [PMID: 36499631 PMCID: PMC9736033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two important regulatory mechanisms for how the body can respond to diseases. This study was designed to investigate the protective actions of vitamin E (Vit-E) and lactobacillus plantarum (Lac-B) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced kidney injury. Thirty albino rats were divided into five groups: group 1 served as the normal group; rats in group 2 received high doses of HgCl2; rats in groups 3, 4 and 5 were given Vit-E, Lac-B and the combination of Vit-E and Lac-B, respectively along with HgCl2 for two weeks. HgCl2 provoked renal injury, manifested by elevation in serum urea, urea nitrogen and creatinine. Kidney levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were markedly increased post HgCl2 administration. Moreover, HgCl2 significantly elevated the gene expression levels of VCAM-1 and cystatin C, while podocin was downregulated. Additionally, it markedly decreased the protein expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2. Histopathological examination revealed massive degeneration with congested blood vessels following HgCl2 administration. Treatment with Vit-E or/and Lac-B restored the normal levels of the previously mentioned parameters, as well as improved the morphology of kidney tissues. Both Vit-E and Lac-B provided a protective effect against HgCl2-induced kidney damage by regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M. Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Sara A. Alhumaidan
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida M. Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Alzahrani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dareen S. Mattar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.M.A.); (I.H.H.)
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