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Ye X, Capezza AJ, Xiao X, Lendel C, Hedenqvist MS, Kessler VG, Olsson RT. Protein Nanofibrils and Their Hydrogel Formation with Metal Ions. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5341-5354. [PMID: 33666436 PMCID: PMC8041371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein nanofibrils (PNFs) have been prepared by whey protein fibrillation at low pH and in the presence of different metal ions. The effect of the metal ions was systematically studied both in terms of PNF suspension gelation behavior and fibrillation kinetics. A high valence state and a small ionic radius (e.g., Sn4+) of the metal ion resulted in the formation of hydrogels already at a metal ion concentration of 30 mM, whereas an intermediate valence state and larger ionic radius (Co2+, Ni2+, Al3+) resulted in the hydrogel formation occurring at 60 mM. A concentration of 120 mM of Na+ was needed to form a PNF hydrogel, while lower concentrations showed liquid behaviors similar to the reference PNF solution where no metal ions had been introduced. The hydrogel mechanics were investigated at steady-state conditions after 24 h of incubation/gelation, revealing that more acidic (smaller and more charged) metal ions induced ca. 2 orders of magnitude higher storage modulus as compared to the less acidic metal ions (with smaller charge and larger radius) for the same concentration of metal ions. The viscoelastic nature of the hydrogels was attributed to the ability of the metal ions to coordinate water molecules in the vicinity of the PNFs. The presence of metal ions in the solutions during the growth of the PNFs typically resulted in curved fibrils, whereas an upper limit of the concentration existed when oxides/hydroxides were formed, and the hydrogels lost their gel properties due to phase separation. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence was used to determine the rate of the fibrillation to form 50% of the total PNFs (t1/2), which decreased from 2.3 to ca. 0.5 h depending on the specific metal ions added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Ye
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio J. Capezza
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christofer Lendel
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology,
and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vadim G. Kessler
- Department
of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in
Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Haiduc I. Inverse coordination – An emerging new chemical concept. Oxygen and other chalcogens as coordination centers. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chemistry at the protein-mineral interface in L-ferritin assists the assembly of a functional (μ 3-oxo)Tris[(μ 2-peroxo)] triiron(III) cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2580-2585. [PMID: 28202724 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614302114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray structures of homopolymeric L-ferritin obtained by freezing protein crystals at increasing exposure times to a ferrous solution showed the progressive formation of a triiron cluster on the inner cage surface of each subunit. After 60 min exposure, a fully assembled (μ3-oxo)Tris[(μ2-peroxo)(μ2-glutamato-κO:κO')](glutamato-κO)(diaquo)triiron(III) anionic cluster appears in human L-ferritin. Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64 provide the anchoring of the cluster to the protein cage. Glu57 shuttles incoming iron ions toward the cluster. We observed a similar metallocluster in horse spleen L-ferritin, indicating that it represents a common feature of mammalian L-ferritins. The structures suggest a mechanism for iron mineral formation at the protein interface. The functional significance of the observed patch of carboxylate side chains and resulting metallocluster for biomineralization emerges from the lower iron oxidation rate measured in the E60AE61AE64A variant of human L-ferritin, leading to the proposal that the observed metallocluster corresponds to the suggested, but yet unobserved, nucleation site of L-ferritin.
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Bellini D, Caly DL, McCarthy Y, Bumann M, An SQ, Dow JM, Ryan RP, Walsh MA. Crystal structure of an HD-GYP domain cyclic-di-GMP phosphodiesterase reveals an enzyme with a novel trinuclear catalytic iron centre. Mol Microbiol 2013; 91:26-38. [PMID: 24176013 PMCID: PMC4159591 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bis‐(3′,5′) cyclic di‐guanylate (c‐di‐GMP) is a key bacterial second messenger that is implicated in the regulation of many crucial processes that include biofilm formation, motility and virulence. Cellular levels of c‐di‐GMP are controlled through synthesis by GGDEF domain diguanylate cyclases and degradation by two classes of phosphodiesterase with EAL or HD‐GYP domains. Here, we have determined the structure of an enzymatically active HD‐GYP domain protein from Persephonella marina (PmGH) alone, in complex with substrate (c‐di‐GMP) and final reaction product (GMP). The structures reveal a novel trinuclear iron binding site, which is implicated in catalysis and identify residues involved in recognition of c‐di‐GMP. This structure completes the picture of all domains involved in c‐di‐GMP metabolism and reveals that the HD‐GYP family splits into two distinct subgroups containing bi‐ and trinuclear metal centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dom Bellini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
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Roduner E, Kaim W, Sarkar B, Urlacher VB, Pleiss J, Gläser R, Einicke WD, Sprenger GA, Beifuß U, Klemm E, Liebner C, Hieronymus H, Hsu SF, Plietker B, Laschat S. Selective Catalytic Oxidation of CH Bonds with Molecular Oxygen. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Georgopoulou AN, Sanakis Y, Boudalis AK. Magnetic relaxation in basic iron(iii) carboxylate [Fe3O(O2CPh)6(H2O)3]ClO4·py. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6371-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10323g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Mössbauer spectra of two extended series of basic iron(III) carboxylates [Fe3O(O2CR)6(H2O)6]A (A− = ClO4 −, NO3 −). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-010-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rabe V, Frey W, Baro A, Laschat S, Bauer M, Bertagnolli H, Rajagopalan S, Asthalter T, Roduner E, Dilger H, Glaser T, Schnieders D. Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic Properties, and Catalytic Aerobic Oxidations of Novel Trinuclear Non-Heme Iron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Synthesis, structure and properties of heterotrinuclear carboxylate complexes [Fe2M(Ca, Sr, Ba)O(CCl3COO)6(THF)n]. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu J, Lou Y, Yokota H, Adams PD, Kim R, Kim SH. Crystal structure of a PhoU protein homologue: a new class of metalloprotein containing multinuclear iron clusters. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:15960-6. [PMID: 15716271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414117200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PhoU proteins are known to play a role in the regulation of phosphate uptake. In Thermotoga maritima, two PhoU homologues have been identified bioinformatically. Here we report the crystal structure of one of the PhoU homologues at 2.0 A resolution. The structure of the PhoU protein homologue contains a highly symmetric new structural fold composed of two repeats of a three-helix bundle. The structure unexpectedly revealed a trinuclear and a tetranuclear iron cluster that were found to be bound on the surface. Each of the two multinuclear iron clusters is coordinated by a conserved E(D)XXXD motif pair. Our structure reveals a new class of metalloprotein containing multinuclear iron clusters. The possible functional implication based on the structure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Liu
- Berkeley Structural Genomics Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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