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Leventis M, Deliberador T, Alshehri F, Alghamdi H. Topical oxygen therapy as a novel strategy to promote wound healing and control the bacteria in implantology, oral surgery and periodontology: A review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:841-854. [PMID: 38883907 PMCID: PMC11178966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, oral infections and inflammatory lesions persist as substantial public health concerns, necessitating the introduction of novel oral treatment protocols. Oral diseases are linked to various causative factors, with dental plaque/biofilm resulting from inadequate hygiene practices playing a predominant role. The strategic implementation of novel topical therapies holds promise for effectively controlling the biofilms, addressing oral infections and promoting enhanced oral wound healing. This review aims to providing a comprehensive overview of the available evidence pertaining to the potential efficacy of topical oxygen and lactoferrin-releasing biomaterials, exemplified by the blue®m formula, as novel oral care interventions within the scope of contemporary implantology, oral surgery and periodontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Leventis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Tatiana Deliberador
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India, and Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education - ILAPEO, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Fahad Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Alghamdi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen R, Huang L, Zheng W, Zhang M, Xin Z, Liu L, Chen Z. Lactoferrin ameliorates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response via the AMPK/NF-κB pathway in aged mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lindford A, Juteau S, Jaks V, Klaas M, Lagus H, Vuola J, Kankuri E. Case Report: Unravelling the Mysterious Lichtenberg Figure Skin Response in a Patient With a High-Voltage Electrical Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:663807. [PMID: 34179045 PMCID: PMC8226253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.663807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of Lichtenberg Figures (LFs) following an electrical injury from a high-voltage switchgear in a 47 year-old electrician. LFs, also known as ferning pattern or keraunographic markings, are a pathognomonic skin sign for lightning strike injuries. Their true pathophysiology has remained a mystery and only once before described following an electical injury. The aim was to characterise the tissue response of LFs by performing untargeted non-labelled proteomics and immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections of skin biopsies taken from the area of LFs at presentation and at 3 months follow-up. Our results demonstrated an increase in dermal T-cells and greatly increased expression of the iron-binding glycoprotein lactoferrin by keratinocytes and lymphocytes. These changes in the LF-affected skin were associated with extravasation of red blood cells from dermal vessels. Our results provide an initial molecular and cellular insight into the tissue response associated with LFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lindford
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki Burn Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Juteau
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Helsinki Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki Burn Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Proteomic analysis of hypoxia and non-hypoxia secretome mesenchymal stem-like cells from human breastmilk. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4399-4407. [PMID: 34354424 PMCID: PMC8324926 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breastmilk contains proteins and cells which have stem cell properties. The human breastmilk stem cell mimick mesenchymal stem cells and expresses pluripotency genes. The protein level of breastmilk is high in colostrum and gradually subsides in the first year of lactation. The mesenchymal stem cells from breastmilk can be an alternative source of stem cells that can potentially affect cardiovascular therapy. This study aimed to identify the proteomic analysis of secretome mesenchymal stem-like cells under hypoxia compared to non-hypoxia from human breastmilk stem cells. Material and methods The human breastmilk was collected from six healthy breastfeeding women and transported to the laboratory under aseptic conditions. The breastmilk cells were isolated then cultured. After 72 h, the human breastmilk stem cells reached confluence then cleaned up and isolated in serum-free media (spheroid) to allow serial passaging every 48 h. The acquisition stem cell was made with flow cytometry. The cells were divided into hBSC secretomes under hypoxia (A) and non-hypoxia (B) and analyzed for LC-MS to identify the peptide structure. Results The human breastmilk cells contained several mesenchymal stem-like cells in density 2.4 × 106 cell/mL for hypoxia and 2 × 106 cell/mL for non-hypoxia conditions. The human breastmilk stem cell surface markers derived from the third cell passage process were 93.77% for CD44, 98.69% for CD73, 88.45% for CD90, and 96.30% for CD105. The protein level of secretome mesenchymal stem -like cells under hypoxia was measured at 5.56 μg/mL and 4.28 μg/mL for non-hypoxia. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 130 and 59 peptides from hypoxia and non-hypoxia of the human breastmilk stem cell secretome sequentially. Some important proteomics structures were found in the hypoxic human breastmilk stem cell secretome, such as transforming growth factor-β, VE-cadherin, and caspase. Conclusion The human breastmilk cells contain mesenchymal stem-like cells and a high concentration of CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 as surface markers at third passage culture. The hypoxic hBSC secretome produces a higher protein level compare to non-hypoxia. The transforming growth factor -β was found in the hypoxic hBSC secretome as a modulator of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis.
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Key Words
- AFP, Alpha-Fetoprotein
- ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate
- BD, Becton Dickinson
- BMPR-II, Bone morphogenetic protein type II
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- EHD3, EH Domain-containing Protein 3
- FACS, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
- FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum
- HIF-1α, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α
- Hypoxia
- IGF1, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
- LALBA, α-Lactalbumin
- LC-MS
- LC-MS, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- LF, Lactoferrin
- MAPK, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
- MPS, Multi Proliferative Supplement
- MPZL1, Myelin Protein Zero-like Protein 1
- MSC, Mesenchymal Stem Cell
- Mesenchymal stem-like cell
- PBS, Phosphate-buffered Saline
- SDS, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
- SMA, Smooth Muscle Actin
- SMAD, Signals Mothers Against the Decapentaplegic
- Secretome
- TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor-Beta
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- cDNA, complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- hBSC
- hBSC, Human Breastmilk Stem Cell
- mRNA, messenger Ribonucleic Acid
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Lactoferrin as a regenerative agent: The old-new panacea? Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105564. [PMID: 33744427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) possesses various biological properties and therapeutic potentials being a perspective anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulatory agent. A significant body of literature has also demonstrated that Lf modulates regenerative processes in different anatomical structures, such as bone, cartilage, skin, mucosa, cornea, tendon, vasculature, and adipose tissue. Hence, this review collected and analyzed the data on the regenerative effects of Lf, as well as paid specific attention to their molecular basis. Furthermore, tissue and condition-specific activities of different Lf types as well as problems of their delivery to the targeted organs were discussed. The authors strongly hope that this review will stimulate researchers to focus on the highlighted topics thus accelerating the progress of Lf's wider clinical application.
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Kuo YC, Wang IH. Using catanionic solid lipid nanoparticles with wheat germ agglutinin and lactoferrin for targeted delivery of etoposide to glioblastoma multiforme. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu Y, Gao J, Huang S, Hu L, Wang Z, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Li W. 4-isothiocyanate-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing VEGFR2 and Tie2 phosphorylation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2828-2834. [PMID: 27698866 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the signaling pathway and are triggered by angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins. 4-isothiocyanate-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-ISO-Tempo) is one of the nitroxides that exhibits antioxidant activity. However, the anti-angiogenic effect of 4-ISO-Tempo remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-ISO-Tempo on tumor proliferation and angiogenesis as well as its underlying mechanisms. Our results revealed that 4-ISO-Tempo significantly inhibited the viability of neoplastic and endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentration of 4-ISO-Tempo on human microvascular endothelial cell 1 (HMEC-1) was lower than that on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human colon cancer SW620 cells. This suggested that endothelial cells were more sensitive to 4-ISO-Tempo than tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 4-ISO-Tempo also suppressed secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and migration and tube formation of HMEC-1 cells. The mechanism is attributed to the decreasing ROS generation and further phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and Tie2. Our findings suggest that 4-ISO-Tempo should be investigated for its usefulness in anti-angiogenesis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China; Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Shuangsheng Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Lamei Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zheyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Comparison of Proliferative Effect of Human Lactoferrin and Its Proteolytic Peptide on Normal and Transformed Epithelial Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:44-57. [PMID: 26400493 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with a variety of functions. hLF undergoes proteolytic cleavage to smaller peptides in the stomach following ingestion. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hLF and its proteolytic product, human lactoferrin peptide (hLFP), on the proliferation of two epithelial cells, HEK293 normal cells and KATO III gastric carcinoma cells, using an MTT assay and expression of proliferative nuclear cell antigen (PCNA), a notable proliferation marker. When the two epithelial cells were stimulated with hLF and hLFP in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), hLFP stimulated proliferation of both cell types at lower concentrations than hLF by two orders of magnitude. The cancer cells exhibited proliferative responses to both hLF and hLFP at lower concentrations by 2∼3 orders of magnitude than the normal cells. Either hLF or hLFP alone did not support appreciable proliferation of these cell lines in the absence or low concentrations of FBS. Bovine serum albumin or its proteolytic product failed to promote cellular proliferation even in the presence of 10 % FBS, indicating the specificity of the proliferative activity of hLF and hLFP. These data highlight feasibility of hLF and its peptide for adjuvants for tissue culture medium.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in high concentration in human milk. It is a pleiotropic protein and is involved in diverse bioactivities, such as stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, immune competence, antimicrobial activities, anti-infection, and anticancer activities. Lf has been shown to be partly resistant to proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and may thus play important roles in the intestine and liver during infancy. Talactoferrin alfa (TLf) is a recombinant human Lf shown to protect against sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis as well as cancer. Because bovine Lf (bLf) and human Lf have different amino acid composition and all 3 Lfs differ in glycosylation, they may have different functions/potency. The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare bioactivities of TLf and Lfs from human and bovine milk and thus to provide a better understanding of the bioactivities of different forms of Lf and their potential applications. METHODS In the present study, Caco-2 and C3A cells were used as intestine and liver models to evaluate internalization of Lfs by intestine and liver cells, effects of Lfs on cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) secretion, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression. In addition, HT-29 cells were used as a colon cancer cell model to examine the effects of Lfs on apoptosis. RESULTS All Lfs significantly enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, CCL20 secretion, and TGF-β1 expression. They also markedly suppressed growth of EPEC. Compared with bLf, TLf showed stronger effects on suppression of EPEC growth and enhancement of TGF-β1 secretion, whereas bLf exhibited more potent effects on cell differentiation, apoptosis, and CCL20 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that TLf has several bioactivities similar to human Lf and bLf from milk and may play critical roles in immune and intestinal development in infants as well as having anti-cancer activities in adults. TLf and bLf may be used for different applications owing to their various potencies. TLf may preferentially be used for anti-bacterial applications, whereas bLf may be used for cancer therapy because it exhibits stronger effects on CCL20 secretion, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.
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Protection of SK-N-MC cells against β-amyloid peptide-induced degeneration using neuron growth factor-loaded liposomes with surface lactoferrin. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5954-64. [PMID: 24746790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A liposomal system with surface lactoferrin (Lf) was developed for delivering neuron growth factor (NGF) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improving the viability of neuron-like SK-N-MC cells with deposited β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). The Lf-grafted liposomes carrying NGF (Lf/NGF-liposomes) were applied to a monolayer of human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) regulated by human astrocytes (HAs) and to fibrillar Aβ1-42-insulted SK-N-MC cells. An increase in cholesterol mole percentage enhanced the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, and physical stability, however, reduced the entrapment efficiency and release rate of NGF. In addition, an increase in Lf concentration increased the particle size, surface nitrogen percentage, NGF permeability across the BBB, and viability of HBMECs, HAs, and SK-N-MC cells, however, decreased the absolute value of zeta potential, surface phosphorus percentage, and loading efficiency of Lf. After treating with Lf/NGF-liposomes, a higher Aβ concentration yielded a lower survival of SK-N-MC cells. The current Lf/NGF-liposomes are efficacious drug carriers to target the BBB and inhibit the Aβ-induced neurotoxicity as potential pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Bovine milk-derived lactoferrin exerts proangiogenic effects in an Src-Akt-eNOS-dependent manner in response to ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:423-9. [PMID: 23364610 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318287d526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) exerts a variety of biological effects, including the promotion of angiogenesis by increasing the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and reducing blood pressure via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effects of LF on angiogenesis using C57BL/6J mice that received daily unilateral treatment with or without bovine milk-derived LF (bLF) after unilateral hindlimb surgery. The analysis of laser speckle blood flow showed that bLF treatment promoted blood flow recovery in response to ischemic hindlimb. The capillary density of ischemic adductor muscles and the phosphorylation of Src, Akt, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were also significantly higher in bLF-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, bLF increased the phosphorylation levels of Src, Akt, and eNOS in in vitro experiments using human aortic endothelial cells. The action of bLF on eNOS phosphorylation was abolished by both LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, and 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(dimethylethyl)pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2), an Src inhibitor. Similarly, bLF-induced acceleration of tube formation, cell proliferation, and cell migration in human aortic endothelial cells were inhibited by LY294002 or PP2. Thus, bLF promotes vascular endothelial cell function via an Src Akt eNOS-dependent pathway, thereby contributing to revascularization in response to ischemia.
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Amini AA, Nair LS. Evaluation of the bioactivity of recombinant human lactoferrins toward murine osteoblast-like cells for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1047-55. [PMID: 23270517 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), which belongs to the iron-binding transferrin family, is an important regulator of the levels of free iron in the body fluids. LF has raised significant interest as a bioactive protein due to its wide array of physiological effects on many different cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The glycoprotein's degree of iron saturation has a pivotal influence on its physical structure. The objective of this study is to investigate the biological effects of apo (low iron saturation), pis (partially iron saturated), and holo (high iron saturation) recombinant human LF (rhLF) on MC3T3-E1 cells to identify the suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering application. Our studies demonstrated a dose-dependent mitogenic response of MC3T3 to rhLF treatment irrespective of the iron concentration. Furthermore, rhLF induced the cells to produce transcription factors, chemokines, and cytokines as determined by β-catenin activation, phosphorylation of Akt, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin (IL-6) expression. The iron saturation of rhLF did not have any significant effect on these biological activities of MC3T3 cells. In addition, the overall pattern of gene regulation in MC3T3-E1 cells upon rhLF treatment was followed by a global microarray analysis. Among the 45,200 genes tested, only 251 genes were found to be regulated by rhLFs of different iron concentrations. Of these, the transferrin receptor (Tfrc) was the only gene differentially regulated by the iron saturated and iron depleted (apo) rhLFs. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that rhLF is a bioactive protein and that the iron saturation of rhLF may not play a significant role in modulating osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Amini
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Human apo-lactoferrin as a physiological mimetic of hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Biometals 2012; 25:1247-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Takayama Y, Aoki R. Roles of lactoferrin on skin wound healing1This article is part of Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:497-503. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a complex biological process that requires the regulation of different cell types, including immune cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. It consists of 5 stages: hemostasis, inflammation, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and wound remodeling. While inflammation is essential for successful wound healing, prolonged or excess inflammation can result in nonhealing chronic wounds. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein secreted from glandular epithelial cells into body fluids, promotes skin wound healing by enhancing the initial inflammatory phase. Lactoferrin also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity that neutralizes overabundant immune response. Accumulating evidence suggests that lactoferrin directly promotes both the formation of granulation tissue and re-epithelialization. Lactoferrin stimulates the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and enhances the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen and hyaluronan. In an in vitro model of wound contraction, lactoferrin promoted fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. These observations indicate that lactoferrin supports multiple biological processes involved in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Takayama
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
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Liao Y, Jiang R, Lönnerdal B. Biochemical and molecular impacts of lactoferrin on small intestinal growth and development during early life1This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:476-84. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal modeling of the intestinal epithelium has long-term impacts on the healthy development of infants and relies largely on nutrient composition of the diet. Lactoferrin (Lf) is among the various human milk trophic factors that facilitate the infant intestinal adaptation. Hydrolysis of Lf is minimal at the prevailing postprandial pH of infants, and Lf may therefore have greater biological potential in infants than in adults. Lf bidirectionally stimulates concentration-dependent proliferation and differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells, and therefore affects small intestinal mass, length, and epithelial digestive enzyme expression. A 105 kDa Lf receptor (LfR) specifically mediates the uptake of Lf into enterocytes and crypt cells. Mechanistically, the complex of Lf and LfR is internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis; both iron-free apo-Lf and iron-saturated holo-Lf activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, whereas only apo-Lf triggers ERK1/2 signaling. Lf enters the nucleus, where it can stimulate thymidine incorporation into crypt cells, regulating transcription of genes such as TGF-β1. In the fetus, the plasma membrane LfR is at the highest abundance in the small intestine, and the receptor gene is tightly controlled at multiple levels. Aspecific microRNA, miR-584, is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of LfR, and in the human LfR DNA promoter, 2 Sp1 binding sites have been characterized functionally. Finally, cell proliferation and global gene expression reveal that native bovine Lf can perform biological activities similar to those exerted by human Lf in postnatal small intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liao
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kim CW, Lee TH, Park KH, Choi SY, Kim J. Human lactoferrin suppresses TNF-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression via competition with NF-κB in endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:229-34. [PMID: 22226679 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is known to have anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanisms of action by Lf remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was down-regulated by Lf in a DNA-binding dependent manner at transcriptional level in endothelial cells. Our results showed that Lf bound to a DNA region in the ICAM-1 promoter in vitro as well as in chromatin context. Lf inhibited binding of NF-κB to a proximal NF-κB site in ICAM-1 promoter. This type of repression represents an additional mechanism for the action of Lf in regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Kim
- College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Nakajima KI, Kanno Y, Nakamura M, Gao XD, Kawamura A, Itoh F, Ishisaki A. Bovine milk lactoferrin induces synthesis of the angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF2 in osteoblasts via the p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway. Biometals 2011; 24:847-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chepelev NL, Willmore WG. Regulation of iron pathways in response to hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:645-66. [PMID: 21185934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Constituting an integral part of a heme's porphyrin ring, iron is essential for supplying cells and tissues with oxygen. Given tight links between oxygen delivery and iron availability, it is not surprising that iron deprivation and oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) have very similar consequences at the molecular level. Under hypoxia, the expression of major iron homeostasis genes including transferrin, transferrin receptor, ceruloplasmin, and heme oxygenase-1 is activated by hypoxia-inducible factors to provide increased iron availability for erythropoiesis in an attempt to enhance oxygen uptake and delivery to hypoxic cells. Iron-response proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) and "cap-n-collar" bZIP transcriptional factors (NE-F2 p45; Nrf1, 2, and 3; Bach1 and 2) also control gene and protein expression of the key iron homeostasis proteins. In this article, we give an overview of the mechanisms by which iron pathways are regulated by hypoxia at multiple levels. In addition, potential clinical benefits of manipulating iron pathways in the hypoxia-related conditions anemia and ischemia are discussed.
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Lactoferrin inhibits the inflammatory and angiogenic activation of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:475-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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D'Andrea LD, Romanelli A, Di Stasi R, Pedone C. Bioinorganic aspects of angiogenesis. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7625-36. [PMID: 20535417 DOI: 10.1039/c002439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiologic process characterized by the sprouting of a new blood vessel from a pre-existing one. In mammalians the angiogenesis process is dormant, except for few physiological conditions such as wound healing and ovulation. In healthy individuals angiogenesis is finely tuned by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. The shift from this equilibrium, under pathological conditions (pathological angiogenesis) is associated with several human diseases of high social impact. An efficient angiogenesis also requires that angiogenic factors cooperate with microenvironment derived co-factors, including metals. In this Perspective we describe the bioinorganic aspects of angiogenesis which contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulation of angiogenesis. In particular, the role of metals, especially copper, metalloproteinases, and the current status on the imaging of angiogenesis targeting VEGF or VEGF receptors will be discussed.
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Shimazaki KI, Kushida T. A preliminary approach to creating an overview of lactoferrin multi-functionality utilizing a text mining method. Biometals 2010; 23:453-63. [PMID: 20195886 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multi-functional metal-binding glycoprotein that exhibits many biological functions of interest to many researchers from the fields of clinical medicine, dentistry, pharmacology, veterinary medicine, nutrition and milk science. To date, a number of academic reports concerning the biological activities of lactoferrin have been published and are easily accessible through public data repositories. However, as the literature is expanding daily, this presents challenges in understanding the larger picture of lactoferrin function and mechanisms. In order to overcome the "analysis paralysis" associated with lactoferrin information, we attempted to apply a text mining method to the accumulated lactoferrin literature. To this end, we used the information extraction system GENPAC (provided by Nalapro Technologies Inc., Tokyo). This information extraction system uses natural language processing and text mining technology. This system analyzes the sentences and titles from abstracts stored in the PubMed database, and can automatically extract binary relations that consist of interactions between genes/proteins, chemicals and diseases/functions. We expect that such information visualization analysis will be useful in determining novel relationships among a multitude of lactoferrin functions and mechanisms. We have demonstrated the utilization of this method to find pathways of lactoferrin participation in neovascularization, Helicobacter pylori attack on gastric mucosa, atopic dermatitis and lipid metabolism.
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Lee TH, Lee GW, Kim CW, Bang MH, Baek NI, Kim SH, Chung DK, Kim J. Stewartia koreana
extract stimulates proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells and induces neovasculization in vivo. Phytother Res 2009; 24:20-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rodrigues L, Teixeira J, Schmitt F, Paulsson M, Månsson HL. Lactoferrin and cancer disease prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:203-17. [PMID: 19093266 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701856157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is composed of the transferrin family and is predominantly found in the products of the exocrine glands located in the gateways of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems, suggesting a role in the non-specific defence against invading pathogens. Additionally, several physiological roles have been attributed to LF, namely regulation of iron homeostasis, host defence against infection and inflammation, regulation of cellular growth, and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. These findings have suggested LF's great potential therapeutic use in cancer disease prevention and/or treatment, namely as a chemopreventive agent. This review looks at the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the multifunctional roles of LF and future perspectives on its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Rodrigues
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Han KY, Kim CW, Lee TH, Son Y, Kim J. CCL23 up-regulates expression of KDR/Flk-1 and potentiates VEGF-induced proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:124-8. [PMID: 19265684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CCL23 is a CC chemokine and exerts its biological activities on endothelial cells as well as on immune cells through CCR1. We investigated the potential effect of CCL23 on expression of KDR/Flk-1 receptor in endothelial cells. PCR, confocal microscope and Western blot analysis revealed that CCL23 up-regulated KDR/Flk-1 mRNA and protein levels in endothelial cells. A reporter assay indicated that CCL23-induced KDR/Flk-1 expression primarily occurred at the transcriptional level. In addition, CCL23 stimulated phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK, and an inhibitor of SAPK/JNK blocks the CCL23-induced KDR/Flk-1 expression. Furthermore, VEGF-induced ERK phosphorylation was stimulated by CCL23. Finally, CCL23 promoted VEGF-induced endothelial proliferation and migration, which were correlated with the maximal stimulation of KDR/Flk-1 expression by CCL23. Taken together, these findings suggest that CCL23 results in up-regulation of KDR/flk-1 receptor gene transcription and protein expression and that KDR/Flk-1 up-regulation induced by CCL23 may contribute to potentiation of VEGF action in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yeon Han
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Ri Giheung-Eup, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Proteomic profiling in early venous stenosis formation in a porcine model of hemodialysis graft. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008; 20:241-51. [PMID: 19028119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To use proteomic analysis to identify up- and downregulated proteins in early venous stenosis formation in a porcine model of hemodialysis graft failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pigs had chronic renal insufficiency created by subtotal renal infarction caused by renal artery embolization. Arteriovenous polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were placed 28 days later and the animals were killed after a further 3 days (n = 4), 7 days (n = 4), or 14 days (n = 4). Proteomic analysis with isotope-coded affinity tags and multidimensional liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the venous stenosis and control vessels. Expression of proteins was further confirmed by Western blot analysis. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were determined before renal artery embolization and at the time of graft placement. RESULTS At graft placement, mean BUN and creatinine levels were significantly higher than before embolization (P < .05). Six proteins were identified that were common to all four animals at the same time point. Five proteins (alpha-fetoprotein, fetuin A, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component, and lactoferrin) were upregulated and one protein (decorin) was downregulated. Expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, alpha-fetoprotein, and lactoferrin was further validated with Western blotting. By day 14, lactoferrin and fetuin-A expression were increased significantly in early venous stenosis formation. CONCLUSIONS Significantly increased expression of lactoferrin and fetuin-A were observed in early venous stenosis by day 14. Understanding the role of lactoferrin and fetuin-A in hemodialysis vascular access failure could help in improving outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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Lactoferrin Structure and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 606:163-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Effects of defensin and lactoferrin on functional activity of endothelial cells in vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2007; 144:331-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-007-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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