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Zhou J, Ahmad F, Parikh S, Hoffman NE, Rajan S, Verma VK, Song J, Yuan A, Shanmughapriya S, Guo Y, Gao E, Koch W, Woodgett JR, Madesh M, Kishore R, Lal H, Force T. Loss of Adult Cardiac Myocyte GSK-3 Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe Resulting in Fatal Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2016; 118:1208-22. [PMID: 26976650 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac myocyte-specific deletion of either glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α and GSK-3β leads to cardiac protection after myocardial infarction, suggesting that deletion of both isoforms may provide synergistic protection. This is an important consideration because of the fact that all GSK-3-targeted drugs, including the drugs already in clinical trial target both isoforms of GSK-3, and none are isoform specific. OBJECTIVE To identify the consequences of combined deletion of cardiac myocyte GSK-3α and GSK-3β in heart function. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated tamoxifen-inducible cardiac myocyte-specific mice lacking both GSK-3 isoforms (double knockout). We unexpectedly found that cardiac myocyte GSK-3 is essential for cardiac homeostasis and overall survival. Serial echocardiographic analysis reveals that within 2 weeks of tamoxifen treatment, double-knockout hearts leads to excessive dilatative remodeling and ventricular dysfunction. Further experimentation with isolated adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts from double-knockout implicated cardiac myocytes intrinsic factors responsible for observed phenotype. Mechanistically, loss of GSK-3 in adult cardiac myocytes resulted in induction of mitotic catastrophe, a previously unreported event in cardiac myocytes. Double-knockout cardiac myocytes showed cell cycle progression resulting in increased DNA content and multinucleation. However, increased cell cycle activity was rivaled by marked activation of DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoint activation, and mitotic catastrophe-induced apoptotic cell death. Importantly, mitotic catastrophe was also confirmed in isolated adult cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings suggest that cardiac myocyte GSK-3 is required to maintain normal cardiac homeostasis, and its loss is incompatible with life because of cell cycle dysregulation that ultimately results in a severe fatal dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Zhou
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Shan Parikh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Nichole E Hoffman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Vipin K Verma
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Jianliang Song
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Ancai Yuan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Yuanjun Guo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Walter Koch
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - James R Woodgett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Raj Kishore
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.)
| | - Hind Lal
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.).
| | - Thomas Force
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (F.A., V.K.V., Y.G., H.L., T.F.) and Department of Pharmacology (S.P., Y.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.Z., N.E.H., S.R., J.S., A.Y., S.S., E.G., W.K., M.M., R.K.); and Department of Medical Biophysics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.R.W.).
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