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Urocortins as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1-14. [PMID: 34939089 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The urocortins (Ucns) belong to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and have multiple effects within the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems. With growing evidence indicating significant cardioprotective properties and cardiovascular actions of these peptides, the question arises as to whether the plasma profiles of the Ucns are altered in pathologic settings. While reports have shown conflicting results and findings have not been corroborated in multiple independent cohorts, it seems likely that plasma Ucn concentrations are elevated in multiple cardiovascular conditions. The degree of increase and accurate determination of circulating values of the Ucns requires further validation.
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Ren L, Wang Q, Ma L, Wang D. MicroRNA-760-mediated low expression of DUSP1 impedes the protective effect of NaHS on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:378-385. [PMID: 32160475 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of the poor prognosis for patients undergoing clinical cardiac surgery. Micro-RNAs are involved in MIRI; however, the effect of miR-760 on MIRI and the molecular mechanisms behind it have not yet been described. For our in-vivo experiments, 20 rats were randomly distributed between 2 groups (n = 10): the sham-treatment group and the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group. For our in-vitro experiments, H9C2 cells were subjected to hypoxia for 6 h, and then reoxygenated to establish an hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model. High expression levels of of miR-760 were observed in the rats subjected to MIRI and the H9C2 cells subjected to H/R. Further, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were increased, and the size of the myocardial infarct was notably greater in the rats subjected to MIRI, suggesting that miR-760 worsens the effects of MIRI. The inhibitory effects from NaHS on apoptosis were enhanced, as were the expression levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP in H9C2 cells exposed to H/R, and with low-expression levels of miR-760. TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the targeted relationship between dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP1) and miR-760. Additionally, miR-760 overexpression and H/R treatment of H9C2 cells inhibited the expression of DUSP1, which further promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, DUSP1 enhanced the anti-apoptotic effects of NaHS in rats subjected to MIRI. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-760 inhibits the protective effect of NaHS against MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050011, China.,Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 066000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 066000, China
| | - Lixiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 066000, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050011, China
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Duan Y, Cheng S, Jia L, Zhang Z, Chen L. PDRPS7 protects cardiac cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through inactivation of JNKs. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:593-606. [PMID: 32108998 PMCID: PMC7137793 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major complication of reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction. Ischemic myocardium produces a variety of peptides. We recently identified PDRPS7 as a novel peptide in cardiomyocytes that can be induced by hypoxia. However, the role of PDRPS7 is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of PDRPS7 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced injury in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells and NRCMs. We found that PDRPS7 improved cell survival and attenuated lactate dehydrogenase leakage following H/R in H9c2 cells and NRCMs. PDRPS7 also alleviated H/R‐induced pulsation reduction in NRCMs. Moreover, H/R‐induced cell apoptosis was decreased in the presence of PDRPS7. H/R‐induced reactive oxygen species generation was reduced by PDRPS7; in addition, PDRPS7 did not impact H2O2‐induced cell injury. Signaling analysis demonstrated that H/R increased the phosphorylation levels of JNKs, ERKs, and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases. However, PDRPS7 only attenuated H/R‐induced JNK phosphorylation, but not phosphorylation of ERKs and p38. PDRPS7 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and c‐Jun phosphorylation pathways, markedly upregulating anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 expression and inhibiting that of pro‐apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase‐3. Importantly, pharmacological activation of JNKs diminished the protective effect of PDRPS7 in terms of cell survival against H/R stimulation. In summary, our study identified PDRPS7 as a novel cardioprotective peptide against H/R challenge and this action was mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of JNKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
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Rademaker MT, Richards AM. Urocortins: Actions in health and heart failure. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 474:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Williams TA, Bergstrome JC, Scott J, Bernier NJ. CRF and urocortin 3 protect the heart from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R91-R100. [PMID: 28539353 PMCID: PMC5582954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish routinely experience environmental hypoxia and have evolved various strategies to tolerate this challenge. Given the key role of the CRF system in coordinating the response to stressors and its cardioprotective actions against ischemia in mammals, we sought to characterize the cardiac CRF system in zebrafish and its role in hypoxia tolerance. We established that all genes of the CRF system, the ligands CRFa, CRFb, urotensin 1 (UTS1), and urocortin 3 (UCN3); the two receptor subtypes (CRFR1 and CRFR2); and the binding protein (CRFBP) are expressed in the heart of zebrafish: crfr1 > crfr2 = crfbp > crfa > ucn3 > crfb > uts1 In vivo, exposure to 5% O2 saturation for 15 min and 90 min of recovery resulted in four- to five-fold increases in whole heart crfb and ucn3 mRNA levels but did not affect the gene expression of other CRF system components. In vitro, as assessed by monitoring caspase 3 activity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells, pretreatment of excised whole hearts with CRF or UCN3 for 30 min prevented the increase in apoptosis associated with exposure to 1% O2 saturation for 30 min with a 24-h recovery. Lastly, the addition of the nonselective CRF receptor antagonist αh-CRF(9-41) prevented the cytoprotective effects of CRF. We show that the CRF system is expressed in fish heart, is upregulated by hypoxia, and is cytoprotective. These findings identify a novel role for the CRF system in fish and a new strategy to tolerate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian C Bergstrome
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliana Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Pilbrow AP, Lewis KA, Perrin MH, Sweet WE, Moravec CS, Tang WHW, Huising MO, Troughton RW, Cameron VA. Cardiac CRFR1 Expression Is Elevated in Human Heart Failure and Modulated by Genetic Variation and Alternative Splicing. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4865-4874. [PMID: 27754786 PMCID: PMC5133347 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the CRF-related peptides, urocortin (Ucn)-1, Ucn2, and Ucn3 signal through receptors CRFR1 and CRFR2 to restore homeostasis in response to stress. The Ucns exert potent cardioprotective effects and may have clinical utility in heart failure. To explore the activity of this system in the heart, we measured the levels of myocardial gene expression of the CRF/Ucn family of ligands/receptors and investigated genetic variation and alternative splicing of CRFR1 in 110 heart failure patients and 108 heart donors. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we detected CRFR1, CRFR2, CRF, Ucn1, Ucn2, and Ucn3 in all samples. CRFR2α was the most abundant receptor and Ucn3 the most abundant ligand, both in patients and donors. Compared with donors, cardiac expression of CRFR1, CRF, and Ucn3 was higher (P < .001) and CRFR2α lower (P = .012) in patients. In patients and donors, genetic variation within CRFR1, represented by the chromosome 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism, was associated with markedly higher CRFR1 expression (P < .001), making CRFR1 and CRFR2α expression almost equivalent in some patients. A novel, truncated splice variant of CRFR1, designated CRFR1j, was identified and shown to exert a dominant-negative effect on CRFR1 signaling in vitro. The novel variant was expressed in a greater proportion of patients (60%) than donors (3%, P < .001). In summary, cardiac expression of CRFR1, CRF, and Ucn3 genes is elevated in heart failure and may contribute to the activation of the CRF/Ucn system in these patients. A common variant within the CRFR1 gene and a novel CRFR1 splice variant may modulate CRFR1 expression and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Pilbrow
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kathy A Lewis
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Marilyn H Perrin
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Wendy E Sweet
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Mark O Huising
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Richard W Troughton
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Vicky A Cameron
- Peptide Biology Laboratories (A.P.P., K.A.L., M.H.P., M.O.H.), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037; Christchurch Heart Institute (A.P.P., R.W.T., V.A.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure (W.E.S., C.S.M., W.H.W.T.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Tang Z, Wang Y, Zhu X, Ni X, Cong B, Lu J. Reduced expression of CRHR2 and Sp-1 in myocardium of ovariectomized rats is improved by exercise training. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:742-6. [PMID: 26182188 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1056729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been looked on as a non-pharmacologic approach to treating ovariectomy (OVX)-induced dysfunctions. In this study, we investigated whether chronic exercise impacts on expression of urocortins (UCNs) and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2) in myocardium of OVX rats. Bilateral OVX or sham-operation was performed under anesthesia. Both groups were then divided into two subgroups, with or without treadmill training for 8 weeks. It was found that OVX as well as exercise did not affect the mRNA levels of UCN, UCN2 and UCN3 in myocardium. OVX caused down-regulation of CRHR2 in myocardium. Exercise training reversed the OVX-induced reduction of CRHR2, but had no influence on CRHR2 level in sham rats. OVX resulted in a decrease in estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in myocardium, which was restored by exercise. Moreover, exercise training also reversed OVX-induced down-regulation of specific protein-1 (Sp-1) expression in myocardium. CRHR2 expression level correlated with Sp-1 and ERα level in myocardium. These results indicate that exercise training can restore the CRHR2 level in myocardium of OVX rats, which is associated with ERα and Sp-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Tang
- a School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport , Shanghai , China and
| | - Yujun Wang
- a School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport , Shanghai , China and
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- b Department of Physiology , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xin Ni
- b Department of Physiology , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Binhai Cong
- b Department of Physiology , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- a School of Kinesiology, Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport , Shanghai , China and
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Estrogen enhancement of SGK1 expression induced by urocortin contributes to its cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion insult. Int J Cardiol 2015; 178:200-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vasoprotective effects of urocortin 1 against atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110866. [PMID: 25462164 PMCID: PMC4251828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerosis is the complex lesion that consists of endothelial inflammation, macrophage foam cell formation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, and extracellular matrix production. Human urocortin 1 (Ucn1), a 40-amino acid peptide member of the corticotrophin-releasing factor/urotensin I family, has potent cardiovascular protective effects. This peptide induces potent and long-lasting hypotension and coronary vasodilation. However, the relationship of Ucn1 with atherosclerosis remains unclear. The present study was performed to clarify the effects of Ucn1 on atherosclerosis. METHODS We assessed the effects of Ucn1 on the inflammatory response and proliferation of human endothelial cells (ECs), human macrophage foam cell formation, migration and proliferation of human VSMCs, extracellular matrix expression in VSMCs, and the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. RESULTS Ucn1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human ECs. Ucn1 significantly reduced oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation with a significant down-regulation of CD36 and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Ucn1 significantly suppressed the migration and proliferation of human VSMCs and increased the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in human VSMCs. Intraperitoneal injection of Ucn1 into Apoe-/- mice for 4 weeks significantly retarded the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first evidence that Ucn1 prevents the development of atherosclerosis by suppressing EC inflammatory response and proliferation, macrophage foam cell formation, and VSMC migration and proliferation. Thus, Ucn1 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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SGK1 Is Involved in Cardioprotection of Urocortin-1 Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Cardiomyocytes. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:687-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Cong B, Xu Y, Sheng H, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao W, Tang Z, Lu J, Ni X. Cardioprotection of 17β-estradiol against hypoxia/reoxygenation in cardiomyocytes is partly through up-regulation of CRH receptor type 2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:17-25. [PMID: 24035863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have been suggested to exert cardioprotection through maintaining endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether estrogens protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) via modulating urocortins (UCNs) and their receptor corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). We found that 17β-estradiol (E2) enhanced UCN cardioprotection against H/R and increased CRHR2 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. E2 protected cardiomyocytes against H/R, which was impaired by CRHR2 antagonist or knockdown of CRHR2. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) antagonist treatment or ERα knockdown could abolish E2-induced CRHR2 up-regulation. Moreover, knockdown of Sp1 also attenuated E2-induced CRHR2 up-regulation. Ovariectomy resulted in down-regulation of CRHR2 and Sp-1 in myocardium of mice, which was restored by E2 or ERα agonist treatment. These results suggest that estrogens act on ERα to up-regulate CRHR2 expression in cardiomyocytes, thereby enhancing cardioprotection of UCNs against H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhai Cong
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiping Tang
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, The Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Urocortin 2 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm and mediates anti-proliferative effects on vascular smooth muscle cells via corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 2. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 126:517-27. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20130425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There are no current effective drug therapies for abdominal aortic aneurysm, an important cause of death in older adults. Our study suggests that urocortin 2 participates in the disease process and may serve as a putative therapeutic target.
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13
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Cong B, Zhu X, Cao B, Xiao J, Wang Z, Ni X. Estrogens protect myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion insult by up-regulation of CRH receptor type 2 in female rats. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:4755-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz Ii L, McCaukey R, Scarabelli G, Di Rezze J, Mohanty B, Barry S, Latchman D, Georgiadis V, McCormick J, Saravolatz L, Knight R, Faggian G, Narula J, Stephanou A, Scarabelli TM. The cardioprotective effects of urocortin are mediated via activation of the Src tyrosine kinase-STAT3 pathway. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24812. [PMID: 24069562 PMCID: PMC3772114 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Src tyrosine kinase family was recently identified as a novel upstream modulator of MAP kinase subfamily, p42/p44, whose activation is required for urocortin (Ucn)-mediated cardioprotection. Src kinase was also shown to reduce apoptosis in different cancer cell lines, enhancing phosphorylation and DNA binding affinity of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. In order to evaluate the effects of Ucn on the activation status of different STAT family members, HL-1 cardiac cells were incubated with Ucn (10 nM) for increasing periods of time. STAT3 was rapidly phosphorylated at Tyr705, while neither phosphorylation at Ser727 nor induction of total STAT3 was observed. Pretreatment with PP2, a selective inhibitor of Src tyrosine kinase, reduced the pSTAT−T705 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity induced by Ucn in a dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of STAT3 in HL-1 cardiac myocytes pretreated with Ucn reduced the magnitude of cell death as compared with Ucn treatment alone, while transfection of HL-1 cells with a STAT3 mutant functionally inactive, acting as a dominant negative (DN-STAT3), enhanced the extent of cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In line with this finding, in HL-1 cardiac myocytes overexpressing STAT3 treated with Ucn, addition of the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 reversed the cytoprotective effects of Ucn, proving that the cytoprotective effects of Ucn are also mediated via the Src-pSTAT−T705 phosphorylation pathway. By immunocytochemistry, Ucn induced nuclear translocation of pST3-T705, which was inhibited by pretreatment with PP2. Together, these data strongly suggest that Ucn can mediate cardioprotection by activating the Src-pSTAT-T705 phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chen-Scarabelli
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies; St John Hospital and Medical Center; Wayne State University; Detroit, MI USA
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Wang S, Zhu X, Cong B, You X, Wang Y, Wang W, Ni X. Estrogenic action on arterial smooth muscle: permissive for maintenance of CRHR2 expression. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1915-24. [PMID: 22315451 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn), a member of CRH family, has been implicated to be one of the endogenous regulators in the cardiovascular system and exerts its effects locally via an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Previous studies have shown the gender difference in CRH-induced vasodilation in human skin, which is related to the concentration of estrogens during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estrogens modulate Ucn/CRH receptor type 2 (CRHR2) expression in vascular smooth muscle, thereby leading to vasodilation. We performed sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) on female Sprague Dawley rats. OVX rats were sc administered 17β-estradiol (E₂) at a dose of 30 μg/kg·d or with placebo for 12 wk. Primary smooth muscle cells of aorta were used for the in vitro study. It was found that the Ucn-induced vasodilation and CRHR2 expression were decreased in OVX rats and restored by E₂ replacement treatment for 12 wk. E₂ increased the expression of CRHR2 in cultured smooth muscle cells, which was blocked by estrogen receptor-β antagonist. Ucn significantly suppressed the phenylephrine-induced phospholipase Cβ3 activation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃) production, and intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation. Ucn stimulated the expression of active GTP-bound Gαs protein and cAMP production. The suppressive effects of Ucn on phenylephrine-induced IP₃ production and intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation were blocked by the inhibitors of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A. Our results demonstrate that estrogen maintains the expression of CRHR2 in aorta smooth muscle, thereby enhancing vasodilator actions of Ucn. Ucn exerts its vasorelaxant effects via Gαs-cAMP-protein kinase A signaling, leading to down-regulation of the phospholipase Cβ-IP₃-Ca²⁺ signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Models, Animal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Ovariectomy
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Urocortins/metabolism
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Physiology and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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16
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Barry SP, Ounzain S, McCormick J, Scarabelli TM, Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz LII, Faggian G, Mazzucco A, Suzuki H, Thiemermann C, Knight RA, Latchman DS, Stephanou A. Enhanced IL-17 signalling following myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2011; 163:326-334. [PMID: 22030025 PMCID: PMC3581775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background IL-17A and IL-17F are pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce the expression of several cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in target cells. IL-17 cytokines have recently attracted huge interest due to their pathogenic role in diseases such as arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease although a role for IL-17 cytokines in myocardial infarction (MI) has not previously been described. Methods In vivo MI was performed by coronary artery occlusion in the absence or presence of a neutralizing IL-17 antibody for blocking IL-17 actions in vivo. IL-17 signaling was also assessed in isolated primary cardiomyocytes by Western blot, mRNA expression and immunostaining. Results Expression of IL-17A, IL-17F and the IL-17 receptor (IL-17RA) were all increased following MI. Expression of several IL-17 target genes, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-6 was also upregulated following MI. In addition, IL-17A promoted the expression of Cxcl1 and IL-6 in isolated cardiomyocytes in a MAPK and PI(3)K-dependent manner. IL-17A and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury were found to have an additive effect on Cxcl1 expression, suggesting that IL-17 may enhance myocardial neutrophil recruitment during MI. Moreover, protein levels of both IL-17R and IL-17A were enhanced following in vivo MI. Finally, blocking IL-17 signaling in vivo reduced the levels of apoptotic cell death markers following in vivo MI. Conclusions These data imply that the expression of IL-17 cytokines and their receptor are elevated during myocardial I/R injury and may play a fundamental role in post infarct inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán P Barry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Samir Ounzain
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - James McCormick
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tiziano M Scarabelli
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 22201 Moross Road, Detroit, USA
| | - Carol Chen-Scarabelli
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 22201 Moross Road, Detroit, USA
| | - Louis I I Saravolatz
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 22201 Moross Road, Detroit, USA
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Hisanori Suzuki
- Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, St Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - David S Latchman
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anastasis Stephanou
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Chen J, Chemaly ER, Liang LF, LaRocca TJ, Yaniz-Galende E, Hajjar RJ. A new model of congestive heart failure in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H994-1003. [PMID: 21685270 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00245.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current rodent models of ischemia/infarct or pressure-volume overload are not fully representative of human heart failure. We developed a new model of congestive heart failure (CHF) with both ischemic and stress injuries combined with fibrosis in the remote myocardium. Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Ascending aortic banding (Ab) was performed to induce hypertrophy. Two months post-Ab, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) artery for 30 min. Permanent LAD ligation served as positive controls. A debanding (DeAb) procedure was performed after Ab or Ab + I/R to restore left ventricular (LV) loading properties. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and in vivo hemodynamic analysis. Myocardial infarction (MI) size and myocardial fibrosis were assessed. LV hypertrophy was observed 4 mo post-Ab; however, systolic function was preserved. LV hypertrophy regressed within 1 mo after DeAb. I/R for 2 mo induced a small to moderate MI with mild impairment of LV function. Permanent LAD ligation for 2 mo induced large MI and significant cardiac dysfunction. Ab for 2 mo followed by I/R for 2 mo (Ab + I/R) resulted in moderate MI with significantly reduced ejection fraction (EF). DeAb post Ab + I/R to reduce afterload could not restore cardiac function. Perivascular fibrosis in remote myocardium after Ab + I/R + DeAb was associated with decreased cardiac function. We conclude that Ab plus I/R injury with aortic DeAb represents a novel model of CHF with increased fibrosis in remote myocardium. This model will allow the investigation of vascular and fibrotic mechanisms in CHF characterized by low EF, dilated LV, moderate infarction, near-normal aortic diameter, and reperfused coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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18
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Phrommintikul A, Sivasinprasasn S, Lailerd N, Chattipakorn S, Kuanprasert S, Chattipakorn N. Plasma urocortin in acute myocardial infarction patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:874-82. [PMID: 20636379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its proposed cardioprotective effect, the role of plasma urocortin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unknown. We investigated plasma profile of urocortin in AMI patients and evaluated its long-term prognostic performance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-six AMI patients and 21 healthy subjects were included in this study. Blood samples for urocortin were collected on days 0 (onset), 1, 3 and 5 and at 3 and 6 months. Primary endpoint was mortality within 1 year of follow-up. Secondary endpoint was combined death and nonfatal adverse cardiac events (i.e. myocardial reinfarction, urgent revascularization or hospitalization due to heart failure) within 1 year. RESULTS During follow-up at 1 year, 38 (57·6%) patients were alive without cardiac events, nine (13·6%) had nonfatal cardiac events and 17 (25·8%) died. Plasma urocortin in AMI patients were increased on days 0, 1, 3 and 5 (P<0·05 vs. control). The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed an area under curve (AUC) of day 0 urocortin to be 0·750 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0·619-0·881 (P=0·004), whereas AUC of NT-proBNP was 0·857 (95% CI, 0·722-0·992; P=0·003). Sensitivity values for predicting the mortality of urocortin NT-proBNP and a combined urocortin and NT-proBNP were 0·81 (95% CI, 0·54-0·95), 0·86 (95% CI, 0·42-0·99) and 1·0 (95% CI, 0·56-1·0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Plasma urocortin level is elevated in AMI patients for 5 days from onset. High plasma urocortin within 24 h after the onset is associated with increased mortality. Combined urocortin and NT-proBNP enhance prognostic performance in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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19
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Yuan Z, McCauley R, Chen-Scarabelli C, Abounit K, Stephanou A, Barry SP, Knight R, Saravolatz SF, Saravolatz LD, Ulgen BO, Scarabelli GM, Faggian G, Mazzucco A, Saravolatz L, Scarabelli TM. Activation of Src protein tyrosine kinase plays an essential role in urocortin-mediated cardioprotection. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 325:1-7. [PMID: 20416357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin is a 40 amino acid peptide of the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) family that is synthesized and released by cardiac myocytes. Endogenous urocortin expression is increased during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and addition of exogenous urocortin reduces cell death caused by I/R injury. Studies have also showed that the protective action of urocortin is mediated by the activation of ERK1/2. We discovered that a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, is involved in the urocortin-induced activation of ERK1/2 in mouse atrial HL-1 myocytes. The selective Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2, reduced the urocortin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and so did the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Src in transfected HL-1 cells. Inhibition of Src by PP2 also reduced urocortin's protective effects in HL-1 cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), as assessed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activation assay. Titration studies indicated that as little as 10(-8)M urocortin was sufficient to induce Src activation. Maximal phosphorylation/activation of Src and ERK1/2 were both detected after 5 min incubation with urocortin. These effects of urocortin were largely mediated by CRF receptor-1, although a minor contribution of CRF receptor-2 cannot be excluded. Here we report for the first time that short-term treatment with urocortin causes rapid phosphorylation of Src, and that the urocortin-activated Src kinase serves as an upstream modulator of ERK1/2 activation, playing an essential role in urocortin-mediated cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokan Yuan
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, St. John Hospital & Medical Center, USA
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20
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Yang LZ, Tovote P, Rayner M, Kockskämper J, Pieske B, Spiess J. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors and urocortins, links between the brain and the heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 632:1-6. [PMID: 20132811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41 amino acid peptide, was discovered as a key signal in mediating neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. It was revealed later that there exist additional CRF-like peptides, termed urocortins. The CRF receptor subtype 1 (CRF1 receptor) is predominant in the brain whereas subtype 2 (CRF2 receptor) is highly expressed in the brain and the heart. Both centrally and peripherally administered CRF and urocortins produce significant hemodynamic effects via activation of CRF receptors in the brain and the heart. CRF and urocortins are important neural and cardioactive hormones, and are potentially useful therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Yang
- Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Maona, USA.
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21
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Mechanisms of action and clinical implications of cardiac urocortin: A journey from the heart to the systemic circulation, with a stopover in the mitochondria. Int J Cardiol 2009; 137:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Urocortin: a protective peptide that targets both the myocardium and vasculature. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:172-82. [PMID: 19307705 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The urocortins are a family of endogenously produced peptide hormones that show great promise as potential drugs for the treatment of heart disease. They can increase contractility and cardiac output without causing changes in mean arterial blood pressure. As expected, the receptor for these peptides is present in cardiomyocytes, and they can bind and protect these cells from simulated ischemia and reperfusion in vitro. The receptor is present, however, in much higher density in the endothelial cells that form a continuous lining of the coronary vasculature. Functionally, the urocortin peptides have been shown to have potent local vasodilatory effects, and may affect other aspects of vascular function. In this review, we will attempt to distinguish the "cardio" from the "vascular" effects of urocortin and its homologues, including the archetypal family member, corticotrophin releasing hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
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23
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24
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Davidson SM, Rybka AE, Townsend PA. The powerful cardioprotective effects of urocortin and the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) family. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 08/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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