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Khadayat K, Marasini BP, Gautam H, Ghaju S, Parajuli N. Evaluation of the alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Nepalese medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
α-Amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of starch and ultimately producing glucose. Controlling the catalytic activity of this enzyme reduces glucose production in the postprandial stage, which could be a therapeutic benefit for people with diabetes. This study was conducted to evaluate α-amylase inhibition for utilizing the crude extracts of some medicinal plants traditionally used in Nepal for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
Methods
Microtiter plate approach has been used to assess inhibitory activities of in vitro α-amylase of methanolic extracts of thirty-two medicinal plants. A starch tolerance test was used in rats to investigate the in vivo study of the methanolic extract concerning glibenclamide as the positive control.
Results
Acacia catechu, Dioscorea bulbifera, and Swertia chirata exhibited inhibitory activity against α-amylase and with IC50 values; 49.9, 296.1, and 413.5 μg/mL, respectively. Kinetics study revealed that all the extracts displayed a mixed type of inhibition pattern, with Ki values ranging from 26.6–204.2 μg/mL. Free radical scavenging activity was again re-examined and found prominent in extracts of A. catechu. Likewise, A. catechu and S. chirata showed significant reduction of blood glucose concentration up to 30 min after oral dose of 250 mg/kg (F (4, 20) = 4.1, p = .048), and (F (4, 20) = 4.1, p = .036), respectively.
Conclusions
Enzymatic assay for α-amylase inhibition using extracts was successfully evaluated. Also, the in-vitro and in-vivo study model revealed that medicinal plants could be a potent source of α-amylase inhibition. So, they could serve as potential candidates for future drug development strategies for curing diabetes with minimal or no adverse side effects.
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Xie X, Qiu G, Zhang Z, Ban X, Gu Z, Li C, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li Z. Importance of Trp139 in the product specificity of a maltooligosaccharide-forming amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus STB04. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9433-9442. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen X, He X, Zhang B, Sun L, Liang Z, Huang Q. Wheat gluten protein inhibits α-amylase activity more strongly than a soy protein isolate based on kinetic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:433-441. [PMID: 30716375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) inhibitory activity of botanical food proteins, represented by soy protein isolate (SPI) and wheat gluten protein (WGP). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined, and the kinetics of inhibition were investigated using Dixon, Cornish-Bowden, and Lineweaver-Burk plots. The results showed WGP functioned as mixed-type inhibitors with both competitive and uncompetitive inhibitory characteristics, while SPI showed competitive inhibitory effects on α-amylase. The competitive inhibition constants (Kic) of WGP and SPI were 5.753 and 30.212 mg/mL, respectively, and the uncompetitive inhibition constants (Kiu) of WGP was 45.110 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of WGP and SPI were 3.086 and 33.899 mg/mL, respectively. For WGP, the lower Kic vs. Kiu for mixed-type inhibitors suggested that they bound more tightly to free PPA than the PPA-starch complex. Compared with SPI, WGP displayed a stronger inhibitory effect on α-amylase. These results indicated that SPI and WGP may delay the digestion of starchy foods by inhibiting starch hydrolytic enzymes, which may be of relevance in vivo during gastrointestinal digestion. The findings are also of important practical value for the development of carbohydrate-restricted diet and protein-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhili Liang
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Lehoczki G, Kandra L, Gyémánt G. The use of starch azure for measurement of alpha-amylase activity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 183:263-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sun L, Warren FJ, Netzel G, Gidley MJ. 3 or 3′-Galloyl substitution plays an important role in association of catechins and theaflavins with porcine pancreatic α-amylase: The kinetics of inhibition of α-amylase by tea polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Møller MS, Svensson B. Structural biology of starch-degrading enzymes and their regulation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 40:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Surface binding sites in amylase have distinct roles in recognition of starch structure motifs and degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:338-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Analysis of surface binding sites (SBSs) in carbohydrate active enzymes with focus on glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 77 — a mini-review. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nielsen JW, Kramhøft B, Bozonnet S, Abou Hachem M, Stipp S, Svensson B, Willemoës M. Degradation of the starch components amylopectin and amylose by barley α-amylase 1: Role of surface binding site 2. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cuyvers S, Dornez E, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. Occurrence and functional significance of secondary carbohydrate binding sites in glycoside hydrolases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:93-107. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.561537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology to Screen Interactions Between Exopolysaccharides and Milk Proteins. FOOD BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-011-9227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Seo ES, Andersen JM, Nielsen MM, Vester-Christensen MB, Christiansen C, Jensen JM, Mótyán JA, Glaring MA, Blennow A, Kandra L, Gyémánt G, Janecek Š, Haser R, Aghajari N, Hachem MA, Svensson B. New Insight into Structure/Function Relationships in Plant .ALPHA.-Amylase Family GH13 Members. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2010. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.57.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Christiansen C, Abou Hachem M, Janecek S, Viksø-Nielsen A, Blennow A, Svensson B. The carbohydrate-binding module family 20--diversity, structure, and function. FEBS J 2009; 276:5006-29. [PMID: 19682075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Starch-active enzymes often possess starch-binding domains (SBDs) mediating attachment to starch granules and other high molecular weight substrates. SBDs are divided into nine carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) families, and CBM20 is the earliest-assigned and best characterized family. High diversity characterizes CBM20s, which occur in starch-active glycoside hydrolase families 13, 14, 15, and 77, and enzymes involved in starch or glycogen metabolism, exemplified by the starch-phosphorylating enzyme glucan, water dikinase 3 from Arabidopsis thaliana and the mammalian glycogen phosphatases, laforins. The clear evolutionary relatedness of CBM20s to CBM21s, CBM48s and CBM53s suggests a common clan hosting most of the known SBDs. This review surveys the diversity within the CBM20 family, and makes an evolutionary comparison with CBM21s, CBM48s and CBM53s, discussing intrafamily and interfamily relationships. Data on binding to and enzymatic activity towards soluble ligands and starch granules are summarized for wild-type, mutant and chimeric fusion proteins involving CBM20s. Noticeably, whereas CBM20s in amylolytic enzymes confer moderate binding affinities, with dissociation constants in the low micromolar range for the starch mimic beta-cyclodextrin, recent findings indicate that CBM20s in regulatory enzymes have weaker, low millimolar affinities, presumably facilitating dynamic regulation. Structures of CBM20s, including the first example of a full-length glucoamylase featuring both the catalytic domain and the SBD, are summarized, and distinct architectural and functional features of the two SBDs and roles of pivotal amino acids in binding are described. Finally, some applications of SBDs as affinity or immobilization tags and, recently, in biofuel and in planta bioengineering are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Christiansen
- VKR Research Centre Pro-Active Plants, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Nielsen MM, Bozonnet S, Seo ES, Mótyán JA, Andersen JM, Dilokpimol A, Abou Hachem M, Gyémánt G, Næsted H, Kandra L, Sigurskjold BW, Svensson B. Two Secondary Carbohydrate Binding Sites on the Surface of Barley α-Amylase 1 Have Distinct Functions and Display Synergy in Hydrolysis of Starch Granules. Biochemistry 2009; 48:7686-97. [DOI: 10.1021/bi900795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten M. Nielsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie Bozonnet
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
| | - Eun-Seong Seo
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - János A. Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary H-4010
| | - Joakim M. Andersen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary H-4010
| | - Henrik Næsted
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lili Kandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary H-4010
| | - Bent W. Sigurskjold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Domain evolution in the GH13 pullulanase subfamily with focus on the carbohydrate-binding module family 48. Biologia (Bratisl) 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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