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Misao T, Fukushima K, Fujino H. Novel anti-cancer effect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol via processing body formation in HCA-7 human colon cancer cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106861. [PMID: 38876400 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects, including against colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the detailed mechanisms have not been clarified. Herein, we demonstrated that 2-AG suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by prostaglandin E2 in human colon cancer HCA-7 cells. The suppression of COX-2 expression by 2-AG was through the acceleration of processing body (P-body) formation followed by COX-2 mRNA degradation. These effects were restored by TAK-715, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Therefore, the effect of 2-AG on COX-2 may be distinct from conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs inhibit the function of COX-2, whereas 2-AG suppresses the protein expression of COX-2. Recently, the cardiovascular risks of NSAIDs were reported by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Therefore, elucidation of the effect of 2-AG is expected to contribute to the development of an alternative and novel therapeutic option that would have no or fewer risks regarding cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Misao
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keijo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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2
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MicroRNA-377: A therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1226-1235. [PMID: 36442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the main causes of human deaths globally. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is still a high rate of mortality among cancer patients. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for treatment failure in cancer patients. Therefore, it is required to suggest the novel strategies for the early tumor detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in neoplastic transformation by regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. They are always considered as non-invasive markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Since, all of the miRNAs have tissue-specific functions in different tumors as tumor suppressor or oncogene; it is required to investigate the molecular mechanisms of every miRNA in different tumors to introduce that as a suitable non-invasive diagnostic marker in cancer patients. For the first time in the present review, we discussed the role of miR-377 during tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-377 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor through the regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review is an important step toward introducing the miR-377 as a novel diagnostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in cancer patients.
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3
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Wu H, Zhang J, Bai Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Tong W, Han P, Fu B, Zhang Y, Shen Z. DCP1A is an unfavorable prognostic-related enhancer RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23020-23035. [PMID: 34609335 PMCID: PMC8544297 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with occurrence and development of tumors. Enhancer RNA (eRNA) is a special type of lncRNAs produced from transcription of enhancer elements. The function of eRNAs in tumors have elicited significant attention recently. However, the clinical significance and role of eRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully explored. The current study sought to explore the expression level and prognostic value of key eRNAs in HCC. Bioinformatics analyses were used to explore expression levels of key prognostic eRNAs in HCC and their correlation with target genes. A total of 1580 enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) and 1791 target genes were initially retrieved from TCGA-LIHC gene expression database. Further analysis through survival and correlation analysis led to identification of 12 eRNAs and 13 target genes. The findings showed that DCP1A was the most prognosis-related eRNA. This eRNA showed the highest correlation with the target gene, PRKCD. Analysis showed that poor overall survival (OS) in HCC patients was correlated with high expression level of DCP1A (eRNA) and PRKCD (target gene). The up-regulation of DCP1A was associated with advanced tumor stage, larger tumor size and higher histological grade. The results of pan-cancer analysis showed that the expression of DCP1A was differentially expressed in 13 other types of tumor tissues and their corresponding normal tissues. This eRNA was highly expressed in digestive system tumors. Functional analysis showed that high expression level of DCP1A was implicated in multiple tumor-related signaling pathways. The findings of the current study indicated DCP1A is a novel biomarker that can be used as a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Tong
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pinsheng Han
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Fu
- First Central Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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4
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Analysis of Homozygous-by-Descent (HBD) Segments for Purebred and Crossbred Pigs in Russia. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080861. [PMID: 34440604 PMCID: PMC8400874 DOI: 10.3390/life11080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive selection raises the efficiency of pig farming considerably, but it also promotes the accumulation of homozygosity, which can lead to an increase in inbreeding and the accumulation of deleterious variation. The analysis of segments homozygous-by-descent (HBD) and non-HBD segments in purebred and crossbred pigs is of great interest. Research was carried out on 657 pigs, of which there were Large White (LW, n = 280), Landrace (LR, n = 218) and F1 female (♂LR × ♀LW) (F1, n = 159). Genotyping was performed using the GeneSeek® GGP Porcine HD Genomic Profiler v1 (Illumina Inc., USA). To identify HBD segments and estimate autozygosity (inbreeding coefficient), we used the multiple HBD classes model. LW pigs exhibited 50,420 HBD segments, an average of 180 per animal; LR pigs exhibited 33,586 HBD segments, an average of 154 per animal; F1 pigs exhibited 21,068 HBD segments, an average of 132 per animal. The longest HBD segments in LW were presented in SSC1, SSC13 and SSC15; in LR, in SSC1; and in F1, in SSC15. In these segments, 3898 SNPs localized in 1252 genes were identified. These areas overlap with 441 QTLs (SSC1—238 QTLs; SSC13—101 QTLs; and SSC15—102 QTLs), including 174 QTLs for meat and carcass traits (84 QTLs—fatness), 127 QTLs for reproduction traits (100 QTLs—litter traits), 101 for production traits (69 QTLs—growth and 30 QTLs—feed intake), 21 QTLs for exterior traits (9 QTLs—conformation) and 18 QTLs for health traits (13 QTLs—blood parameters). Thirty SNPs were missense variants. Whilst estimating the potential for deleterious variation, six SNPs localized in the NEDD4, SEC11C, DCP1A, CCT8, PKP4 and TENM3 genes were identified, which may show deleterious variation. A high frequency of potential deleterious variation was noted for LR in DCP1A, and for LW in TENM3 and PKP4. In all cases, the genotype frequencies in F1 were intermediate between LR and LW. The findings presented in our work show the promise of genome scanning for HBD as a strategy for studying population history, identifying genomic regions and genes associated with important economic traits, as well as deleterious variation.
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5
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Borbolis F, Syntichaki P. Biological implications of decapping: beyond bulk mRNA decay. FEBS J 2021; 289:1457-1475. [PMID: 33660392 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mRNA steady-state levels do not directly correlate with transcription rate. This is attributed to the multiple post-transcriptional mechanisms, which control both mRNA turnover and translation within eukaryotic cells. One such mechanism is the removal of the 5' end cap structure of RNAs (decapping). This 5' cap plays a fundamental role in cellular functions related to mRNA processing, transport, translation, quality control, and decay, while its chemical modifications influence the fate of cytoplasmic mRNAs. Decapping is a highly controlled process, performed by multiple decapping enzymes, and regulated by complex cellular networks. In this review, we provide an updated synopsis of 5' end modifications and functions, and give an overview of mRNA decapping enzymes, presenting their enzymatic properties. Focusing on DCP2 decapping enzyme, a major component on the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway, we describe cis-elements and trans-acting factors that affect its activity, substrate specificity, and cellular localization. Finally, we discuss current knowledge on the biological functions of mRNA decapping and decay factors, highlighting the major questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
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6
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Zarnack K, Balasubramanian S, Gantier MP, Kunetsky V, Kracht M, Schmitz ML, Sträßer K. Dynamic mRNP Remodeling in Response to Internal and External Stimuli. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091310. [PMID: 32932892 PMCID: PMC7565591 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and the regulation of gene expression are fundamental processes in every cell. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in the post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression in response to both internal and external stimuli. However, how signaling pathways regulate the assembly of RBPs with mRNAs remains largely unknown. Here, we summarize observations showing that the formation and composition of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) is dynamically remodeled in space and time by specific signaling cascades and the resulting post-translational modifications. The integration of signaling events with gene expression is key to the rapid adaptation of cells to environmental changes and stress. Only a combined approach analyzing the signal transduction pathways and the changes in post-transcriptional gene expression they cause will unravel the mechanisms coordinating these important cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;
| | | | - Michael P. Gantier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vladislav Kunetsky
- Institute of Biochemistry, FB08, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, FB11, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - M. Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, FB11, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Katja Sträßer
- Institute of Biochemistry, FB08, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Nawalpuri B, Ravindran S, Muddashetty RS. The Role of Dynamic miRISC During Neuronal Development. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32118035 PMCID: PMC7025485 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent protein synthesis plays an important role during neuronal development by fine-tuning the formation and function of neuronal circuits. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are integral to this regulation because of their ability to control protein synthesis in a rapid, specific and potentially reversible manner. miRNA mediated regulation is a multistep process that involves inhibition of translation before degradation of targeted mRNA, which provides the possibility to store and reverse the inhibition at multiple stages. This flexibility is primarily thought to be derived from the composition of miRNA induced silencing complex (miRISC). AGO2 is likely the only obligatory component of miRISC, while multiple RBPs are shown to be associated with this core miRISC to form diverse miRISC complexes. The formation of these heterogeneous miRISC complexes is intricately regulated by various extracellular signals and cell-specific contexts. In this review, we discuss the composition of miRISC and its functions during neuronal development. Neurodevelopment is guided by both internal programs and external cues. Neuronal activity and external signals play an important role in the formation and refining of the neuronal network. miRISC composition and diversity have a critical role at distinct stages of neurodevelopment. Even though there is a good amount of literature available on the role of miRNAs mediated regulation of neuronal development, surprisingly the role of miRISC composition and its functional dynamics in neuronal development is not much discussed. In this article, we review the available literature on the heterogeneity of the neuronal miRISC composition and how this may influence translation regulation in the context of neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Nawalpuri
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, and Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA) University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sreenath Ravindran
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India
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8
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Shi C, Liu T, Chi J, Luo H, Wu Z, Xiong B, Liu S, Zeng Y. LINC00339 promotes gastric cancer progression by elevating DCP1A expression via inhibiting miR-377-3p. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23667-23674. [PMID: 31188482 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to date, the mechanism of gastric cancer (GC) development is poorly understood. This study was to demonstrate the effects of LINC00339 on GC progression. Here, we found that LINC00339 was overexpressed expressed in GC tissues and predicted poor outcome. By CCK8, colony formation and Transwell assays, we showed LINC00339 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) indicated that LINC00339 knockdown induced tumor cell apoptosis. Besides, we utilized the xenograft assay and found that LINC00339 depletion led to decreased tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-377-3p was found to be inhibited by LINC00339. And LINC00339 suppressed miR-377-3p to upregulate DCP1A, which consequently promoted GC progression. In conclusion, LINC00339 promotes gastric cancer progression by elevating DCP1A expression via inhibiting miR-377-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tonglei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junlin Chi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhizhong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Binghong Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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9
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Dickey LL, Duncan JK, Hanley TM, Fearns R. Decapping protein 1 phosphorylation modulates IL-8 expression during respiratory syncytial virus infection. Virology 2015; 481:199-209. [PMID: 25796077 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus that is an important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia. We investigated the effect of RSV infection on the expression patterns of cellular proteins involved in regulating mRNA translation and degradation, and found that a processing-body protein involved in mRNA degradation, decapping protein 1a (DCP1), was phosphorylated rapidly following infection. UV-inactivated and sucrose-purified RSV were sufficient to mediate DCP1 phosphorylation, indicating that it occurs as a consequence of an early event in RSV infection. Analysis using kinase inhibitors showed that RSV-induced DCP1 phosphorylation occurred through the ERK1/2 pathway. The DCP1 phosphorylation sites were limited to serine 315, serine 319, and threonine 321. Overexpression of wt DCP1 led to a decrease in RSV-induced IL-8 production, but this effect was abrogated in cells overexpressing phosphorylation-deficient DCP1 mutants. These results suggest that DCP1 phosphorylation modulates the host chemokine response to RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Dickey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Julie K Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Timothy M Hanley
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Rachel Fearns
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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10
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Chiang PY, Shen YF, Su YL, Kao CH, Lin NY, Hsu PH, Tsai MD, Wang SC, Chang GD, Lee SC, Chang CJ. Phosphorylation of mRNA decapping protein Dcp1a by the ERK signaling pathway during early differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61697. [PMID: 23637887 PMCID: PMC3630112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turnover of mRNA is a critical step in the regulation of gene expression, and an important step in mRNA decay is removal of the 5' cap. We previously demonstrated that the expression of some immediate early gene mRNAs is controlled by RNA stability during early differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that the mouse decapping protein Dcp1a is phosphorylated via the ERK signaling pathway during early differentiation of preadipocytes. Mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenesis combined with a kinase assay identified ERK pathway-mediated dual phosphorylation at Ser 315 and Ser 319 of Dcp1a. To understand the functional effects of Dcp1a phosphorylation, we examined protein-protein interactions between Dcp1a and other decapping components with co-immunoprecipitation. Dcp1a interacted with Ddx6 and Edc3 through its proline-rich C-terminal extension, whereas the conserved EVH1 (enabled vasodilator-stimulated protein homology 1) domain in the N terminus of Dcp1a showed a stronger interaction with Dcp2. Once ERK signaling was activated, the interaction between Dcp1a and Ddx6, Edc3, or Edc4 was not affected by Dcp1a phosphorylation. Phosphorylated Dcp1a did, however, enhanced interaction with Dcp2. Protein complexes immunoprecipitated with the recombinant phosphomimetic Dcp1a(S315D/S319D) mutant contained more Dcp2 than did those immunoprecipitated with the nonphosphorylated Dcp1a(S315A/S319A) mutant. In addition, Dcp1a associated with AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs such as MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), whose mRNA stability was analyzed under the overexpression of Dcp1a constructs in the Dcp1a knockdown 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ERK-phosphorylated Dcp1a enhances its interaction with the decapping enzyme Dcp2 during early differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Su
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chung Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ma J, Flemr M, Strnad H, Svoboda P, Schultz RM. Maternally recruited DCP1A and DCP2 contribute to messenger RNA degradation during oocyte maturation and genome activation in mouse. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:11. [PMID: 23136299 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte-to-zygote transition entails transforming a highly differentiated oocyte into totipotent blastomeres and represents one of the earliest obstacles that must be successfully hurdled for continued development. Degradation of maternal mRNAs, which likely lies at the heart of this transition, is characterized by a transition from mRNA stability to instability during oocyte maturation. Although phosphorylation of the oocyte-specific RNA-binding protein MSY2 during maturation is implicated in making maternal mRNAs more susceptible to degradation, mechanisms underlying mRNA degradation during oocyte maturation remain poorly understood. We report that DCP1A and DCP2, proteins responsible for decapping mRNA, are encoded by maternal mRNAs recruited for translation during maturation via cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements located in their 3' untranslated regions. Both DCP1A and DCP2 are phosphorylated during maturation, with CDC2A being the kinase likely responsible for both, although MAPK may be involved in DCP1A phosphorylation. Inhibiting accumulation of DCP1A and DCP2 by RNA interference or morpholinos decreases not only degradation of mRNAs during meiotic maturation but also transcription of the zygotic genome. The results indicate that maternally recruited DCP1A and DCP2 are critical players in the transition from mRNA stability to instability during meiotic maturation and that proper maternal mRNA degradation must be successful to execute the oocyte-to-zygote transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Aizer A, Kafri P, Kalo A, Shav-Tal Y. The P body protein Dcp1a is hyper-phosphorylated during mitosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e49783. [PMID: 23300942 PMCID: PMC3534667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing bodies (PBs) are non-membranous cytoplasmic structures found in all eukaryotes. Many of their components such as the Dcp1 and Dcp2 proteins are highly conserved. Using live-cell imaging we found that PB structures disassembled as cells prepared for cell division, and then began to reassemble during the late stages of cytokinesis. During the cell cycle and as cells passed through S phase, PB numbers increased. However, there was no memory of PB numbers between mother and daughter cells. Examination of hDcp1a and hDcp1b proteins by electrophoresis in mitotic cell extracts showed a pronounced slower migrating band, which was caused by hyper-phosphorylation of the protein. We found that hDcp1a is a phospho-protein during interphase that becomes hyper-phosphorylated in mitotic cells. Using truncations of hDcp1a we localized the region important for hyper-phosphorylation to the center of the protein. Mutational analysis demonstrated the importance of serine 315 in the hyper-phosphorylation process, while other serine residues tested had a minor affect. Live-cell imaging demonstrated that serine mutations in other regions of the protein affected the dynamics of hDcp1a association with the PB structure. Our work demonstrates the control of PB dynamics during the cell cycle via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adva Aizer
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pinhas Kafri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Kalo
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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13
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Dehydration stress activates Arabidopsis MPK6 to signal DCP1 phosphorylation. EMBO J 2012; 31:1975-84. [PMID: 22407295 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic mRNA decapping proteins are essential for normal turnover of mRNA. Yet, the mechanism of bulk mRNA turnover during stress responses and its importance to stress tolerance are poorly understood. Here, we showed that dehydration stress activated MPK6 to phosphorylate serine 237 of Arabidopsis DCP1 and phospho-DCP1 preferentially associated with DCP5 to promote mRNA decapping in vivo. This process was essential for stress adaption as dcp5-1 and DCP1-S237A plants were hypersensitive to stress compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Microarray analysis revealed that dehydration-induced expression of many stress responsive genes was compromised in dcp5-1, whereas a subset of transcripts was over-represented in this mutant. Further analysis revealed that this subset of transcripts was likely the direct targets of stress-triggered mRNA decapping in WT. Our results suggest that mRNA decapping through MPK6-DCP1-DCP5 pathway serves as a rapid response to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis.
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Thomas MG, Loschi M, Desbats MA, Boccaccio GL. RNA granules: the good, the bad and the ugly. Cell Signal 2011; 23:324-34. [PMID: 20813183 PMCID: PMC3001194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Processing bodies (PBs) and Stress Granules (SGs) are the founding members of a new class of RNA granules, known as mRNA silencing foci, as they harbour transcripts circumstantially excluded from the translationally active pool. PBs and SGs are able to release mRNAs thus allowing their translation. PBs are constitutive, but respond to stimuli that affect mRNA translation and decay, whereas SGs are specifically induced upon cellular stress, which triggers a global translational silencing by several pathways, including phosphorylation of the key translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, and tRNA cleavage among others. PBs and SGs with different compositions may coexist in a single cell. These macromolecular aggregates are highly conserved through evolution, from unicellular organisms to vertebrate neurons. Their dynamics is regulated by several signaling pathways, and depends on microfilaments and microtubules, and the cognate molecular motors myosin, dynein, and kinesin. SGs share features with aggresomes and related aggregates of unfolded proteins frequently present in neurodegenerative diseases, and may play a role in the pathology. Virus infections may induce or impair SG formation. Besides being important for mRNA regulation upon stress, SGs modulate the signaling balancing apoptosis and cell survival. Finally, the formation of Nuclear Stress Bodies (nSBs), which share components with SGs, and the assembly of additional cytosolic aggregates containing RNA -the UV granules and the Ire1 foci-, all of them induced by specific cell damage factors, contribute to cell survival.
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Key Words
- atxn2, ataxin-2
- bicd, bicaudal d
- cbp, creb binding protein
- cpeb, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein
- dhc, dynein heavy chain
- dic, dynein intermediate chain
- fak, focal adhesion kinase
- fus/tls/hnrnp p2, fused in sarcoma
- g3bp, ras-gap sh3 domain binding protein
- gcn2, general control nonderepressible-2
- grb7, growth factor receptor-bound protein 7
- hap, hnrnp a1 interacting protein
- hdac6, histone deacetylase 6
- hri, heme-regulated inhibitor
- hsf, heat shock transcription factor
- khc, kinesin heavy chain
- klc, kinesin light chain
- mln51, metastatic lymph node 51
- nmd, nonsense mediated decay
- nsbs, nuclear stress bodies
- ogfod1, 2–14 oxoglutarate and fe(ii)-dependent oxygenase domain containing 1
- pb, processing body
- perk, pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum eif2alpha kinase
- pkr/eif2ak2, double stranded rna-dependent protein kinase
- pp1, protein phosphatase 1
- prp, prion protein
- rbp, rna binding protein
- rnp, ribonucleoparticle
- sam68, src associated in mitosis 68 kda
- member of star, signal transducer and activator of rna
- sca, spinocerebellar ataxia
- sg, stress granule
- sma, spinal muscular atrophy
- fmrp, fragile x mental retardation protein
- smn, survival of motor neuron
- tdp43, tar dna-binding protein 43
- traf2, tnf receptor associated factor 2
- uvgs, uv rna granules
- processing body
- stress granule
- kinesin
- dynein
- bicaudal d
- aggresome
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Thomas
- Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Loschi
- Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Andrea Desbats
- Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Lidia Boccaccio
- Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405 BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- University of Buenos Aires
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Abstract
Metazoan cells form cytoplasmic mRNA granules such as stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (P bodies) that are proposed to be sites of aggregated, translationally silenced mRNAs and mRNA degradation. Poliovirus (PV) is a plus-strand RNA virus containing a genome that is a functional mRNA; thus, we investigated if PV antagonizes the processes that lead to formation of these structures. We have previously shown that PV infection inhibits the ability of cells to form stress granules by cleaving RasGAP-SH3-binding protein (G3BP). Here, we show that P bodies are also disrupted during PV infection in cells by 4 h postinfection. The disruption of P bodies is more rapid and more complete than disruption of stress granules. The kinetics of P body disruption correlated with production of viral proteinases and required substantial viral gene product expression. The organizing mechanism that forms P body foci in cells is unknown; however, potential scaffolding, aggregating, or other regulatory proteins found in P bodies were investigated for degradation. Two factors involved in 5'-end mRNA decapping and degradation, Xrn1 and Dcp1a, and the 3' deadenylase complex component Pan3 underwent accelerated degradation during infection, and Dcp1a may be a direct substrate of PV 3C proteinase. Several other key factors proposed to be essential for P body formation, GW182, Edc3, and Edc4, were unaffected by poliovirus infection. Since deadenylation has been reported to be required for P body formation, viral inhibition of deadenylation, through Pan3 degradation, is a potential mechanism of P body disruption.
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Swetloff A, Conne B, Huarte J, Pitetti JL, Nef S, Vassalli JD. Dcp1-bodies in mouse oocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:4951-61. [PMID: 19812249 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic granules involved in the storage and degradation of mRNAs. In somatic cells, their formation involves miRNA-mediated mRNA silencing. Many P-body protein components are also found in germ cell granules, such as in mammalian spermatocytes. In fully grown mammalian oocytes, where changes in gene expression depend entirely on translational control, RNA granules have not as yet been characterized. Here we show the presence of P-body-like foci in mouse oocytes, as revealed by the presence of Dcp1a and the colocalization of RNA-associated protein 55 (RAP55) and the DEAD box RNA helicase Rck/p54, two proteins associated with P-bodies and translational control. These P-body-like structures have been called Dcp1-bodies and in meiotically arrested primary oocytes, two types can be distinguished based on their size. They also have different protein partners and sensitivities to the depletion of endogenous siRNA/miRNA and translational inhibitors. However, both type progressively disappear during in vitro meiotic maturation and are virtually absent in metaphase II-arrested secondary oocytes. Moreover, this disassembly of hDcp1a-bodies is concomitant with the posttranslational modification of EGFP-hDcp1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Swetloff
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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