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Zhang S, Wu S, Hou Q, Zhao J, Fang C, An X, Wan X. Fatty acid de novo biosynthesis in plastids: Key enzymes and their critical roles for male reproduction and other processes in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108654. [PMID: 38663264 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid de novo biosynthesis in plant plastids is initiated from acetyl-CoA and catalyzed by a series of enzymes, which is required for the vegetative growth, reproductive growth, seed development, stress response, chloroplast development and other biological processes. In this review, we systematically summarized the fatty acid de novo biosynthesis-related genes/enzymes and their critical roles in various plant developmental processes. Based on bioinformatic analysis, we identified fatty acid synthase encoding genes and predicted their potential functions in maize growth and development, especially in anther and pollen development. Finally, we highlighted the potential applications of these fatty acid synthases in male-sterility hybrid breeding, seed oil content improvement, herbicide and abiotic stress resistance, which provides new insights into future molecular crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Zhang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suowei Wu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China; Shandong Shouxin Seed Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Zhucheng City, Shandong Province, 262200, China
| | - Quancan Hou
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chaowei Fang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueli An
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China.
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Han X, Zhang YW, Liu JY, Zuo JF, Zhang ZC, Guo L, Zhang YM. 4D genetic networks reveal the genetic basis of metabolites and seed oil-related traits in 398 soybean RILs. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:92. [PMID: 36076247 PMCID: PMC9461130 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The yield and quality of soybean oil are determined by seed oil-related traits, and metabolites/lipids act as bridges between genes and traits. Although there are many studies on the mode of inheritance of metabolites or traits, studies on multi-dimensional genetic network (MDGN) are limited. Results In this study, six seed oil-related traits, 59 metabolites, and 107 lipids in 398 recombinant inbred lines, along with their candidate genes and miRNAs, were used to construct an MDGN in soybean. Around 175 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), 36 QTL-by-environment interactions, and 302 metabolic QTL clusters, 70 and 181 candidate genes, including 46 and 70 known homologs, were previously reported to be associated with the traits and metabolites, respectively. Gene regulatory networks were constructed using co-expression, protein–protein interaction, and transcription factor binding site and miRNA target predictions between candidate genes and 26 key miRNAs. Using modern statistical methods, 463 metabolite–lipid, 62 trait–metabolite, and 89 trait–lipid associations were found to be significant. Integrating these associations into the above networks, an MDGN was constructed, and 128 sub-networks were extracted. Among these sub-networks, the gene–trait or gene–metabolite relationships in 38 sub-networks were in agreement with previous studies, e.g., oleic acid (trait)–GmSEI–GmDGAT1a–triacylglycerol (16:0/18:2/18:3), gene and metabolite in each of 64 sub-networks were predicted to be in the same pathway, e.g., oleic acid (trait)–GmPHS–d-glucose, and others were new, e.g., triacylglycerol (16:0/18:1/18:2)–GmbZIP123–GmHD-ZIPIII-10–miR166s–oil content. Conclusions This study showed the advantages of MGDN in dissecting the genetic relationships between complex traits and metabolites. Using sub-networks in MGDN, 3D genetic sub-networks including pyruvate/threonine/citric acid revealed genetic relationships between carbohydrates, oil, and protein content, and 4D genetic sub-networks including PLDs revealed the relationships between oil-related traits and phospholipid metabolism likely influenced by the environment. This study will be helpful in soybean quality improvement and molecular biological research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02191-1.
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Abstract
Chloroplasts contain high amounts of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and low levels of the anionic lipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG). The mostly extraplastidial lipid phosphatidylcholine is found only in the outer envelope. Chloroplasts are the major site for fatty acid synthesis. In Arabidopsis, a certain proportion of glycerolipids is entirely synthesized in the chloroplast (prokaryotic lipids). Fatty acids are also exported to the endoplasmic reticulum and incorporated into lipids that are redistributed to the chloroplast (eukaryotic lipids). MGDG, DGDG, SQDG, and PG establish the thylakoid membranes and are integral constituents of the photosynthetic complexes. Phosphate deprivation induces phospholipid degradation accompanied by the increase in DGDG, SQDG, and GlcADG. During freezing and drought stress, envelope membranes are stabilized by the conversion of MGDG into oligogalactolipids. Senescence and chlorotic stress lead to lipid and chlorophyll degradation and the deposition of acyl and phytyl moieties as fatty acid phytyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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Marcella AM, Barb AW. Acyl-coenzyme A:(holo-acyl carrier protein) transacylase enzymes as templates for engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6333-6341. [PMID: 29858956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review will cover the structure, enzymology, and related aspects that are important for structure-based engineering of the transacylase enzymes from fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide synthesis. Furthermore, this review will focus on in vitro characteristics and not cover engineering of the upstream or downstream reactions or strategies to manipulate metabolic flux in vivo. The malonyl-coenzyme A(CoA)-holo-acyl-carrier protein (holo-ACP) transacylase (FabD) from Escherichia coli serves as a model for this enzyme with thorough descriptions of structure, enzyme mechanism, and effects of mutation on substrate binding presented in the literature. Here, we discuss multiple practical and theoretical considerations regarding engineering transacylase enzymes to accept non-cognate substrates and form novel acyl-ACPs for downstream reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Marcella
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Molecular Biology Building, rm 4210, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Adam W Barb
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Molecular Biology Building, rm 4210, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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González-Thuillier I, Venegas-Calerón M, Sánchez R, Garcés R, von Wettstein-Knowles P, Martínez-Force E. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) fatty acid synthase complex: β-hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratase genes. PLANTA 2016; 243:397-410. [PMID: 26433735 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two sunflower hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein] dehydratases evolved into two different isoenzymes showing distinctive expression levels and kinetics' efficiencies. β-Hydroxyacyl-[acyl carrier protein (ACP)]-dehydratase (HAD) is a component of the type II fatty acid synthase complex involved in 'de novo' fatty acid biosynthesis in plants. This complex, formed by four intraplastidial proteins, is responsible for the sequential condensation of two-carbon units, leading to 16- and 18-C acyl-ACP. HAD dehydrates 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP generating trans-2-enoyl-ACP. With the aim of a further understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds, two β-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] dehydratase genes have been cloned from developing seeds, HaHAD1 (GenBank HM044767) and HaHAD2 (GenBank GU595454). Genomic DNA gel blot analyses suggest that both are single copy genes. Differences in their expression patterns across plant tissues were detected. Higher levels of HaHAD2 in the initial stages of seed development inferred its key role in seed storage fatty acid synthesis. That HaHAD1 expression levels remained constant across most tissues suggest a housekeeping function. Heterologous expression of these genes in E. coli confirmed both proteins were functional and able to interact with the bacterial complex 'in vivo'. The large increase of saturated fatty acids in cells expressing HaHAD1 and HaHAD2 supports the idea that these HAD genes are closely related to the E. coli FabZ gene. The proposed three-dimensional models of HaHAD1 and HaHAD2 revealed differences at the entrance to the catalytic tunnel attributable to Phe166/Val1159, respectively. HaHAD1 F166V was generated to study the function of this residue. The 'in vitro' enzymatic characterization of the three HAD proteins demonstrated all were active, with the mutant having intermediate K m and V max values to the wild-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Thuillier
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Herts, UK
| | - Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rosario Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1., 41013, Seville, Spain
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Thakur A, Bhatla SC. Proteomic analysis of oil body membrane proteins accompanying the onset of desiccation phase during sunflower seed development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1030100. [PMID: 26786011 PMCID: PMC4854339 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A noteworthy metabolic signature accompanying oil body (OB) biogenesis during oilseed development is associated with the modulation of the oil body membranes proteins. Present work focuses on 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE)-based analysis of the temporal changes in the OB membrane proteins analyzed by LC-MS/MS accompanying the onset of desiccation (20-30 d after anthesis; DAA) in the developing seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Protein spots unique to 20-30 DAA stages were picked up from 2-D gels for identification and the identified proteins were categorized into 7 functional classes. These include proteins involved in energy metabolism, reactive oxygen scavenging, proteolysis and protein turnover, signaling, oleosin and oil body biogenesis-associated proteins, desiccation and cytoskeleton. At 30 DAA stage, exclusive expressions of enzymes belonging to energy metabolism, desiccation and cytoskeleton were evident which indicated an increase in the metabolic and enzymatic activity in the cells at this stage of seed development (seed filling). Increased expression of cruciferina-like protein and dehydrin at 30 DAA stage marks the onset of desiccation. The data has been analyzed and discussed to highlight desiccation stage-associated metabolic events during oilseed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thakur
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Department of Botany; University of Delhi; Delhi, India
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Fernández-Calvino L, Osorio S, Hernández ML, Hamada IB, del Toro FJ, Donaire L, Yu A, Bustos R, Fernie AR, Martínez-Rivas JM, Llave C. Virus-induced alterations in primary metabolism modulate susceptibility to Tobacco rattle virus in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1821-38. [PMID: 25358898 PMCID: PMC4256867 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During compatible virus infections, plants respond by reprogramming gene expression and metabolite content. While gene expression studies are profuse, our knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur in the presence of the virus is limited. Here, we combine gene expression and metabolite profiling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) infected with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in order to investigate the influence of primary metabolism on virus infection. Our results revealed that primary metabolism is reconfigured in many ways during TRV infection, as reflected by significant changes in the levels of sugars and amino acids. Multivariate data analysis revealed that these alterations were particularly conspicuous at the time points of maximal accumulation of TRV, although infection time was the dominant source of variance during the process. Furthermore, TRV caused changes in lipid and fatty acid composition in infected leaves. We found that several Arabidopsis mutants deficient in branched-chain amino acid catabolism or fatty acid metabolism possessed altered susceptibility to TRV. Finally, we showed that increments in the putrescine content in TRV-infected plants correlated with enhanced tolerance to freezing stress in TRV-infected plants and that impairment of putrescine biosynthesis promoted virus multiplication. Our results thus provide an interesting overview for a better understanding of the relationship between primary metabolism and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Fernández-Calvino
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - M Luisa Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Ignacio B Hamada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Francisco J del Toro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Livia Donaire
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Agnés Yu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Regla Bustos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - José M Martínez-Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
| | - César Llave
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain (L.F.-C., I.B.H., F.J.d.T., L.D., C.L.);Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany (S.O., A.R.F.);Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41012 Seville, Spain (M.L.H., J.M.M.-R.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Evry cedex, France (A.Y.); andCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain (R.B.)
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Li C, Miao H, Wei L, Zhang T, Han X, Zhang H. Association mapping of seed oil and protein content in Sesamum indicum L. using SSR markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105757. [PMID: 25153139 PMCID: PMC4143287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oil crop for the high oil content and quality. The seed oil and protein contents are two important traits in sesame. To identify the molecular markers associated with the seed oil and protein contents in sesame, we systematically performed the association mapping among 369 worldwide germplasm accessions under 5 environments using 112 polymorphic SSR markers. The general linear model (GLM) was applied with the criteria of logP≥3.0 and high stability under all 5 environments. Among the 369 sesame accessions, the oil content ranged from 27.89%–58.73% and the protein content ranged from 16.72%–27.79%. A significant negative correlation of the oil content with the protein content was found in the population. A total of 19 markers for oil content were detected with a R2 value range from 4% to 29%; 24 markers for protein content were detected with a R2 value range from 3% to 29%, of which 19 markers were associated with both traits. Moreover, partial markers were confirmed using mixed linear model (MLM) method, which suggested that the oil and protein contents are controlled mostly by major genes. Allele effect analysis showed that the allele associated with high oil content was always associated with low protein content, and vice versa. Of the 19 markers associated with oil content, 17 presented near the locations of the plant lipid pathway genes and 2 were located just next to a fatty acid elongation gene and a gene encoding Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase, respectively. The findings provided a valuable foundation for oil synthesis gene identification and molecular marker assistant selection (MAS) breeding in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Miao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tide Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Han
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Valenzano CR, You YO, Garg A, Keatinge-Clay A, Khosla C, Cane DE. Stereospecificity of the dehydratase domain of the erythromycin polyketide synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:14697-9. [PMID: 20925342 DOI: 10.1021/ja107344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dehydratase (DH) domain of module 4 of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) has been shown to catalyze an exclusive syn elimination/syn addition of water. Incubation of recombinant DH4 with chemoenzymatically prepared anti-(2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-ACP (2a-ACP) gave the dehydration product 3-ACP. Similarly, incubation of DH4 with synthetic 3-ACP resulted in the reverse enzyme-catalyzed hydration reaction, giving an ∼3:1 equilbrium mixture of 2a-ACP and 3-ACP. Incubation of a mixture of propionyl-SNAC (4), methylmalonyl-CoA, and NADPH with the DEBS β-ketoacyl synthase-acyl transferase [KS6][AT6] didomain, DEBS ACP6, and the ketoreductase domain from tylactone synthase module 1 (TYLS KR1) generated in situ anti-2a-ACP that underwent DH4-catalyzed syn dehydration to give 3-ACP. DH4 did not dehydrate syn-(2S,3R)-2b-ACP, syn-(2R,3S)-2c-ACP, or anti-(2S,3S)-2d-ACP generated in situ by DEBS KR1, DEBS KR6, or the rifamycin synthase KR7 (RIFS KR7), respectively. Similarly, incubation of a mixture of (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine thioester (2b-SNAC), methylmalonyl-CoA, and NADPH with DEBS [KS6][AT6], DEBS ACP6, and TYLS KR1 gave anti-(2R,3R)-6-ACP that underwent syn dehydration catalyzed by DEBS DH4 to give (4R,5R)-(E)-2,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-hept-2-enoyl-ACP (7-ACP). The structure and stereochemistry of 7 were established by GC-MS and LC-MS comparison of the derived methyl ester 7-Me to a synthetic sample of 7-Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara R Valenzano
- Department of Chemistry, Box H, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, USA
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Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Plants — Metabolic Pathways, Structure and Organization. LIPIDS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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