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Pan J, Jin Y, Jin H, Li C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jin G, Zhao J, He L, Sheng L. New insights into the function of lipid droplet-related proteins and lipid metabolism of salt-stimulated porcine biceps femoris: label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics, morphometry and bioinformatics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7517-7528. [PMID: 37440710 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid droplets (LDs) are important multifunctional organelles responsible for lipid metabolism of postmortem muscle. However, the dynamics in their building blocks (cores and layers) and phosphorylation of lipid droplet-related proteins (LDRPs) regulating meat lipolysis remain unknown at salt-stimulated conditions. RESULTS LDRPs extracted from cured porcine biceps femoris (1% and 3% salt) were subjected to label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis and LDs morphological validation. Results indicated that 3% salt curing significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) content with increase in glycerol and decrease in LDs fluorescence compared to 1% salt curing. Comparative phosphoproteomics showed that there were significant changes in phosphorylation at 386 sites on 174 LDRPs between assayed groups (P < 0.05). These differential proteins were mainly involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Curing of 3% salt induced more site-specific phosphorylation of perilipin 1 (PLIN1, at Ser81) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, at Ser399) than 1%, whereas the phosphorylation (at Ser600) of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was up-regulated. Ultrastructure imaging showed that LDs were mostly associated with mitochondria, and the average diameter of LDs decreased from 2.34 μm (1% salt) to 1.73 μm (3% salt). CONCLUSION Phosphoproteomics unraveled salt-stimulated LDRPs phosphorylation of cured porcine meat provoked intensified lipolysis. Curing of 3% salt allowed an enhanced lipolysis than 1% by up-regulating the phosphorylation sites of LDRPs and recruited lipases. The visible splitting of LDs, together with sarcoplasmic disorganization, supported the lipolysis robustness following 3% salt curing. The finding provides optimization ideas for high-quality production of cured meat products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Pan
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyi Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Jin
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Zhao
- College of Tea and Food Science Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Lichao He
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao S, He L, Zhang M, Liu X, Jin G. Effect of salt promote the muscle triglyceride hydrolysis during dry-salting by inducing the phosphorylation of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and lipid droplets splitting. Food Chem 2020; 327:127061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhu X, Yang L, Xu F, Lin L, Zheng G. Combination therapy with catechins and caffeine inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:688-694. [PMID: 28352352 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins and caffeine, which are green tea components, have a slimming effect; however, the combinational effect of fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. In the present study, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with catechins and caffeine in combination, and it was found that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine markedly reduced intracellular fat accumulation, mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α in the early stage of cell differentiation were significantly reduced, and mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase(FAS) andglycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein expression levels of FAS were downregulated. Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis was enhanced by caffeine, which markedly increased the protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase. These results indicated that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine synergistically inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating the gene and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Therefore, catechins and caffeine combination therapy has potential as a functional food that may be used to prevent obesity and lifestyle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Licong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
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Lipid decomposition by sonic vibration in matured 3T3-L1 cells within 3-Dimensional artificial adipose. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Louis C, Van den Daelen C, Tinant G, Bourez S, Thomé JP, Donnay I, Larondelle Y, Debier C. Efficient in vitro adipocyte model of long-term lipolysis: a tool to study the behavior of lipophilic compounds. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:507-18. [PMID: 24477563 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The triglycerides (TGs) stored in the white adipose tissue are mobilized during periods of negative energy balance. To date, there is no in vitro model of adipocytes imitating a long period of negative energy balance in which triglycerides are highly mobilized. Such model would allow studying the mobilization of TGs and lipophilic compounds trapped within the adipose tissue (e.g., pollutants and vitamins). The present study aims at developing a performing long-term in vitro lipolysis in adipocytes, resulting in a significant decrease of TG stores. Lipolysis was induced on differentiated rat adipocytes by a lipolytic medium with or without isoproterenol for 12 h. The condition with isoproterenol was duplicated, once with medium renewal every 3 h and once without medium renewal. Adding isoproterenol efficiently triggered lipolysis in a short time (3 h). However, a single stimulation by isoproterenol, without medium renewal, was not sufficient to reduce the TG content during a longer term (12 h). A reesterification of fatty acids occurred after a few hours of lipolysis, resulting in a novel increase of cellular lipids. Regular medium renewal combined with repeated isoproterenol stimulations led to almost emptied cells after 12 h. However, medium renewal without isoproterenol stimulation for 12 h was as efficient in terms of lipid mobilization. Our study demonstrates that, over a short-term period, isoproterenol is required to exert a significant lipolytic effect on adipocytes. During a long-term period, the presence of isoproterenol is no longer essential. Instead, medium renewal becomes the main factor involved in cell emptying. The efficiency of this protocol was demonstrated by visual tracking of the cells and by monitoring the dynamics of release of a lipophilic compound, PCB-153, from adipocytes during lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Louis
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium,
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Ohsaki Y, Suzuki M, Fujimoto T. Open Questions in Lipid Droplet Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Paar M, Jüngst C, Steiner NA, Magnes C, Sinner F, Kolb D, Lass A, Zimmermann R, Zumbusch A, Kohlwein SD, Wolinski H. Remodeling of lipid droplets during lipolysis and growth in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:11164-73. [PMID: 22311986 PMCID: PMC3322829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.316794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis, storage, and turnover of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in adipocytes are critical cellular processes to maintain lipid and energy homeostasis in mammals. TAGs are stored in metabolically highly dynamic lipid droplets (LDs), which are believed to undergo fragmentation and fusion under lipolytic and lipogenic conditions, respectively. Time lapse fluorescence microscopy showed that stimulation of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes causes progressive shrinkage and almost complete degradation of all cellular LDs but without any detectable fragmentation into micro-LDs (mLDs). However, mLDs were rapidly formed after induction of lipolysis in the absence of BSA in the culture medium that acts as a fatty acid scavenger. Moreover, mLD formation was blocked by the acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor triacsin C, implicating that mLDs are synthesized de novo in response to cellular fatty acid overload. Using label-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, we demonstrate that LDs grow by transfer of lipids from one organelle to another. Notably, this lipid transfer between closely associated LDs is not a rapid and spontaneous process but rather occurs over several h and does not appear to require physical interaction over large LD surface areas. These data indicate that LD growth is a highly regulated process leading to the heterogeneous LD size distribution within and between individual cells. Our findings suggest that lipolysis and lipogenesis occur in parallel in a cell to prevent cellular fatty acid overflow. Furthermore, we propose that formation of large LDs requires a yet uncharacterized protein machinery mediating LD interaction and lipid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Paar
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Lipidomics Research Center LRC Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Brasaemle DL, Wolins NE. Packaging of fat: an evolving model of lipid droplet assembly and expansion. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2273-9. [PMID: 22090029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.309088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles found in most types of cells in the tissues of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants, as well as in bacteria and yeast. They differ from other organelles in binding a unique complement of proteins and lacking an aqueous core but share aspects of protein trafficking with secretory membrane compartments. In this minireview, we focus on recent evidence supporting an endoplasmic reticulum origin for LD formation and discuss recent findings regarding LD maturation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L Brasaemle
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
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Coleman RA, Mashek DG. Mammalian triacylglycerol metabolism: synthesis, lipolysis, and signaling. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6359-86. [PMID: 21627334 PMCID: PMC3181269 DOI: 10.1021/cr100404w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Fujimoto T, Parton RG. Not just fat: the structure and function of the lipid droplet. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a004838. [PMID: 21421923 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are independent organelles that are composed of a lipid ester core and a surface phospholipid monolayer. Recent studies have revealed many new proteins, functions, and phenomena associated with LDs. In addition, a number of diseases related to LDs are beginning to be understood at the molecular level. It is now clear that LDs are not an inert store of excess lipids but are dynamically engaged in various cellular functions, some of which are not directly related to lipid metabolism. Compared to conventional membrane organelles, there are still many uncertainties concerning the molecular architecture of LDs and how each function is placed in a structural context. Recent findings and remaining questions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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