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Tomkinson B. Tripeptidyl-peptidase II: Update on an oldie that still counts. Biochimie 2019; 166:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tan Q, Ma S, Hu J, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Role of tripeptidyl peptidase II in MHC class I antigen presentation: Biological characteristics, cellular crosstalk and signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1954-1958. [PMID: 27829551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is a multifunctional cytoplasmic serine protease. The main function of TPPII is to cleave proteasome-generated peptides into tripeptides, which can then be further degraded into free amino acids. Recent evidence suggests that TPPII plays an important role in epitope generation, but the mechanisms of TPPII in MHC class I antigen presentation remain unclear. Recent research has shed new light on the mechanisms and functions of TPPII in MHC class I antigen presentation. We therefore provide an updated review of the biological characteristics of TPPII and explore its role in MHC class I antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Tan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Nahálková J. The protein-interaction network with functional roles in tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 423:187-196. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shi J, Fung G, Piesik P, Zhang J, Luo H. Dominant-negative function of the C-terminal fragments of NBR1 and SQSTM1 generated during enteroviral infection. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1432-41. [PMID: 24769734 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus infection induces an abnormal accumulation of ubiquitin aggregates that are generally believed to be noxious to the cells and have a key role in viral pathogenesis. Selective autophagy mediated by autophagy adaptor proteins, including sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) and neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 protein (NBR1), are an important pathway for disposing of misfolded/ubiquitin conjugates. We have recently demonstrated that SQSTM1 is cleaved after coxsackievirus infection, resulting in the disruption of SQSTM1 function in selective autophagy. NBR1 is a functional homolog of SQSTM1. In this study, we propose to test whether NBR1 can compensate for the compromise of SQSTM1 after viral infection. Of interest, we found that NBR1 was also cleaved after coxsackievirus infection. This cleavage took place at two sites mediated by virus-encoded protease 2A(pro) and 3C(pro), respectively. In addition to the loss-of-function, we further investigated whether cleavage of SQSTM1/NBR1 leads to the generation of toxic gain-of-function mutants. We showed that the C-terminal fragments of SQSTM1 and NBR1 exhibited a dominant-negative effect against native SQSTM1/NBR1, probably by competing for LC3 and ubiquitin chain binding. Finally, we demonstrated a positive, mutual regulatory relationship between SQSTM1 and NBR1 during viral infection. We showed that knockdown of SQSTM1 resulted in reduced expression of NBR1, whereas overexpression of SQSTM1 led to increased level of NBR1, and vice versa, further excluding the possible compensation of NBR1 for the loss of SQSTM1. Taken together, the findings in this study suggest a novel mechanism through which coxsackievirus infection induces increased accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates and subsequent viral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Fung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P Piesik
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J Zhang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - H Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Shi J, Wong J, Piesik P, Fung G, Zhang J, Jagdeo J, Li X, Jan E, Luo H. Cleavage of sequestosome 1/p62 by an enteroviral protease results in disrupted selective autophagy and impaired NFKB signaling. Autophagy 2013; 9:1591-603. [PMID: 23989536 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, plays an essential role in mediating selective autophagy. It serves as an autophagy receptor targeting ubiquitinated proteins to autophagosomes for degradation. In addition, it functions as a scaffold protein to regulate signaling pathways. Here we explored the interplay between coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy. We reported that SQSTM1 was cleaved at glycine 241 following CVB3 infection through the activity of viral protease 2A(pro). The resulting cleavage fragments of SQSTM1 were no longer the substrates of autophagy, and their ability to form protein aggregates was greatly decreased. Although the C-terminal truncation sustained the binding activity of SQSTM1 to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3), it failed to interact with ubiquitinated proteins. It was also found that colocalization between the C-terminal fragment of SQSTM1 (SQSTM1-C) and LC3 and ubiquitin within the punctate structures was markedly disrupted. Moreover, we observed that SQSTM1-C retained the ability of SQSTM1 to stabilize antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2]; however, both the N-terminal fragment of SQSTM1 (SQSTM1-N) and SQSTM1-C lost the function of SQSTM1 in activating NFKB (the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells) pathway. Collectively, our results suggest a novel model by which cleavage of SQSTM1 as a result of CVB3 infection impairs the function of SQSTM1 in selective autophagy and host defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Shi
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Jerry Wong
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Paulina Piesik
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Gabriel Fung
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Julienne Jagdeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; East China Normal University; Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX USA
| | - Eric Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- James Hogg Research Center; Providence Heart + Lung Institute; St. Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
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Wong J, Si X, Angeles A, Zhang J, Shi J, Fung G, Jagdeo J, Wang T, Zhong Z, Jan E, Luo H. Cytoplasmic redistribution and cleavage of AUF1 during coxsackievirus infection enhance the stability of its viral genome. FASEB J 2013; 27:2777-87. [PMID: 23572232 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-226498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a causative agent of viral myocarditis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and meningitis in humans. The adenosine-uridine (AU)-rich element RNA binding factor 1 (AUF1) is an integral component in the regulation of gene expression. AUF1 destabilizes mRNAs and targets them for degradation by binding to AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. The 3'-UTR of the CVB3 genome contains canonical AU-rich sequences, raising the possibility that CVB3 RNA may also be subjected to AUF1-mediated degradation. Here, we reported that CVB3 infection led to cytoplasmic redistribution and cleavage of AUF1. These events are independent of CVB3-induced caspase activation but require viral protein production. Overexpression of viral protease 2A reproduced CVB3-induced cytoplasmic redistribution of AUF1, while in vitro cleavage assay revealed that viral protease 3C contributed to AUF1 cleavage. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of AUF1 facilitated viral RNA, protein, and progeny production, suggesting an antiviral property for AUF1 against CVB3 infection. Finally, an immunoprecipitation study demonstrated the physical interaction between AUF1 and the 3'-UTR of CVB3, potentially targeting CVB3 genome toward degradation. Together, our results suggest that cleavage of AUF1 may be a strategy employed by CVB3 to enhance the stability of its viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Wong
- James Hogg Research Center, Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mulenga A, Erikson K. A snapshot of the Ixodes scapularis degradome. Gene 2011; 482:78-93. [PMID: 21596113 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic encoded proteases are essential to regulating interactions between parasites and their hosts and thus they represent attractive anti-parasitic druggable and/or vaccine target. We have utilized annotations of Ixodes scapularis proteases in gene bank and version 9.3 MEROPS database to compile an index of at least 233 putatively active and 150 putatively inactive protease enzymes that are encoded by the I. scapularis genome. The 233 putatively active protease homologs hereafter referred to as the degradome (the full repertoire of proteases encoded by the I. scapularis genome) represent ~1.14% of the 20485 putative I. scapularis protein content. Consistent with observations in other animals, the content of the I. scapularis degradome is ~6.0% (14/233) aspartic, ~19% (44/233) cysteine, ~40% (93/233) metallo, ~28.3% (66/233) serine and ~6.4% (15/233) threonine proteases. When scanned against other tick sequences, ~11% (25/233) of I. scapularis putatively active proteases are conserved in other tick species with ≥ 60% amino acid identity levels. The I. scapularis genome does not apparently encode for putatively inactive aspartic proteases. Of the 150 putative inactive protease homologs none are from the aspartic protease class, ~8% (12/150) are cysteine, ~58.7% (88/150) metallo, 30% (45/150) serine and ~3.3% (5/150) are threonine proteases. The I. scapularis tick genome appears to have evolutionarily lost proteolytic activity of at least 6 protease families, C56 and C64 (cysteine), M20 and M23 (metallo), S24 and S28 (serine) as revealed by a lack of the putatively active proteases in these families. The overall protease content is comparable to other organisms. However, the paucity of the S1 chymotrypsin/trypsin-like serine protease family in the I. scapularis genome where it is ~12.7% (28/233) of the degradome as opposed to ~22-48% content in other blood feeding arthropods, Pediculus humanus humanus, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes Aegypti and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is notable. The data is presented as a one-stop index of proteases encoded by the I. scapularis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Mulenga
- Texas A & M University AgriLife Research, Department of Entomology, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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