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Thammasart S, Namchaiw P, Pasuwat K, Tonsomboon K, Khantachawana A. Neuroprotective Potential of Photobiomodulation Therapy: Mitigating Amyloid-Beta Accumulation and Modulating Acetylcholine Levels in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:524-533. [PMID: 39058735 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2024.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at 660 and 810 nm on amyloid-beta (Aβ)42-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and to assess its impact on Aβ42 accumulation and cholinergic neurotransmission. Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of Aβ peptides, leading to neurodegeneration, cholinergic deficit, and cognitive decline. PBMT has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate Aβ-induced toxicity and enhance cholinergic function. Methods: Differentiated neurons were treated with 1 μM Aβ42 for 1 day, followed by daily PBMT at wavelengths of 660 and 810 nm for 7 days. Treatments used LEDs emitting continuous wave light at a power density of 5 mW/cm2 for 10 min daily to achieve an energy density of 3 J/cm2. Results: Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exhibited increased Aβ42 aggregation, neurite retraction, and reduced cell viability. PBMT at 810 nm significantly mitigated the Aβ42-induced toxicity in these cells, as evidenced by reduced Aβ42 aggregation, neurite retraction, and improved cell viability and neuronal morphology. Notably, this treatment also restored acetylcholine levels in the neurons exposed to Aβ42. Conclusions: PBMT at 810 nm effectively reduces Aβ42-induced toxicity and supports neuronal survival, highlighting its neuroprotective effects on cholinergic neurons. By shedding light on the impact of low-level light therapy on Aβ42 accumulation and cellular processes. These findings advocate for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of PBMT and validate its clinical relevance in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Thammasart
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poommaree Namchaiw
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation, Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khaow Tonsomboon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anak Khantachawana
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
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Lerouge L, Gries M, Chateau A, Daouk J, Lux F, Rocchi P, Cedervall J, Olsson AK, Tillement O, Frochot C, Acherar S, Thomas N, Barberi-Heyob M. Targeting Glioblastoma-Associated Macrophages for Photodynamic Therapy Using AGuIX ®-Design Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030997. [PMID: 36986856 PMCID: PMC10057379 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most difficult brain cancer to treat, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a complementary approach to improve tumor eradication. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) protein expression plays a critical role in GBM progression and immune response. Moreover, various clinical databases highlight a relationship between NRP-1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. In order to induce a photodynamic effect, multifunctional AGuIX®-design nanoparticles were used in combination with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, as well as a porphyrin as the photosensitizer molecule and KDKPPR peptide ligand for targeting the NRP-1 receptor. The main objective of this study was to characterize the impact of macrophage NRP-1 protein expression on the uptake of functionalized AGuIX®-design nanoparticles in vitro and to describe the influence of GBM cell secretome post-PDT on the polarization of macrophages into M1 or M2 phenotypes. By using THP-1 human monocytes, successful polarization into the macrophage phenotypes was argued via specific morphological traits, discriminant nucleocytoplasmic ratio values, and different adhesion abilities based on real-time cell impedance measurements. In addition, macrophage polarization was confirmed via the transcript-level expression of TNFα, CXCL10, CD-80, CD-163, CD-206, and CCL22 markers. In relation to NRP-1 protein over-expression, we demonstrated a three-fold increase in functionalized nanoparticle uptake for the M2 macrophages compared to the M1 phenotype. The secretome of the post-PDT GBM cells led to nearly a three-fold increase in the over-expression of TNFα transcripts, confirming the polarization to the M1 phenotype. The in vivo relationship between post-PDT efficiency and the inflammatory effects points to the extensive involvement of macrophages in the tumor zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lerouge
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mickaël Gries
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alicia Chateau
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joël Daouk
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - François Lux
- Institute of Light and Matter (ILM), UMR5306, Université de Lyon-CNRS, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Paul Rocchi
- Institute of Light and Matter (ILM), UMR5306, Université de Lyon-CNRS, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Jessica Cedervall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institute of Light and Matter (ILM), UMR5306, Université de Lyon-CNRS, 69100 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Frochot
- Reactions and Chemical Engineering Laboratory (LRGP), UMR7274, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics of Macromolecules (LCPM), UMR7375, Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Noémie Thomas
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, CRAN, UMR7039, Université de Lorraine-French National Scientific Research Center (CNRS), 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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3
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Liu M, Yang Y, Zhu W, Wu J, Yu X, Li W. Specific TLR-mediated HSP70 activation plays a potential role in host defense against the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1120048. [PMID: 36937289 PMCID: PMC10017776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, an important flagellated noninvasive protozoan parasite, infects the upper small intestine and causes a disease termed giardiasis globally. Few members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family have been shown to function as potential defenders against microbial pathogens, while such information is lacking for Giardia. Here we initially screened and indicated that in vitro Giardia challenge induced a marked early upregulation of HSP70 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). As noted previously, apoptotic resistance, nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cytostatic effect and parasite clearance, and epithelial barrier integrity represent effective anti-Giardia host defense mechanisms. We then explored the function of HSP70 in modulating apoptosis, NO release, and tight junction (TJ) protein levels in Giardia-IEC interactions. HSP70 inhibition by quercetin promoted Giardia-induced IEC apoptosis, viability decrease, NO release reduction, and ZO-1 and occludin downregulation, while the agonist celastrol could reverse these Giardia-evoked effects. The results demonstrated that HSP70 played a previously unrecognized and important role in regulating anti-Giardia host defense via attenuating apoptosis, promoting cell survival, and maintaining NO and TJ levels. Owing to the significance of apoptotic resistance among those defense-related factors mentioned earlier, we then elucidated the anti-apoptotic mechanism of HSP70. It was evident that HSP70 could negatively regulate apoptosis in an intrinsic way via direct inhibition of Apaf-1 or ROS-Bax/Bcl-2-Apaf-1 axis, and in an extrinsic way via cIAP2-mediated inhibition of RIP1 activity. Most importantly, it was confirmed that HSP70 exerted its host defense function by downregulating apoptosis via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, upregulating NO release via TLR4/TLR2 activation, and upregulating TJ protein expression via TLR2 activation. HSP70 represented a checkpoint regulator providing the crucial link between specific TLR activation and anti-Giardia host defense responses. Strikingly, independent of the checkpoint role of HSP70, TLR4 activation was proven to downregulate TJ protein expression, and TLR2 activation to accelerate apoptosis. Altogether, this study identified HSP70 as a potentially vital defender against Giardia, and revealed its correlation with specific TLR activation. The clinical importance of HSP70 has been extensively demonstrated, while its role as an effective therapeutic target in human giardiasis remains elusive and thus needs to be further clarified.
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Effects of Cancer Cell-Derived Nanovesicle Vaccines Produced by the Oxidative Stress-Induced Expression of DAMP and Spontaneous Release/Filter Extrusion in the Interplay of Cancer Cells and Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081977. [PMID: 36009524 PMCID: PMC9405549 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based cancer vaccines are shown to be more effective modalities for treating cancer in animal models compared to other methods used to generate cancer cell-derived vaccines. The higher efficacy seems to stem from the generation of cell membrane nanovesicles or fragments that carry both cancer cell-specific antigens and high surface content of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules induced by oxidative stress. To develop more effective cancer vaccines in this direction, we explored the generation of cancer vaccines by applying different sources of oxidative stress on cancer cell cultures followed by spontaneous release or filter extrusions to produce cancer cell-derived DAMP-expressing nanovesicles. Through an in-vitro test based on the co-culture of cancer cells and macrophages, it was found that the nanovesicle vaccines generated by H2O2 are as effective as those generated by PDT in diminishing cancer cell culture masses, providing a simpler way to manufacture vaccines. In addition, the nanovesicle vaccines produced by filter extrusion are as potent as those produced by spontaneous release, rendering a more stable way for vaccine production.
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5
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Podolska MJ, Shan X, Janko C, Boukherroub R, Gaipl US, Szunerits S, Frey B, Muñoz LE. Graphene-Induced Hyperthermia (GIHT) Combined With Radiotherapy Fosters Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664615. [PMID: 34485114 PMCID: PMC8415397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the standard interventions for cancer patients, although cancer cells often develop radio- and/or chemoresistance. Hyperthermia reduces tumor resistance and induces immune responses resulting in a better prognosis. We have previously described a method to induce tumor cell death by local hyperthermia employing pegylated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and near infrared light (graphene-induced hyperthermia, GIHT). The spatiotemporal exposure/release of heat shock proteins (HSP), high group mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are reported key inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). We hypothesize that GIHT decisively contributes to induce ICD in irradiated melanoma B16F10 cells, especially in combination with radiotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the immunogenicity of GIHT alone or in combination with radiotherapy in melanoma B16F10 cells. Tumor cell death in vitro revealed features of apoptosis that is progressing fast into secondary necrosis. Both HSP70 and HMGB1/DNA complexes were detected 18 hours post GIHT treatment, whereas the simultaneous release of ATP and HMGB1/DNA was observed only 24 hours post combined treatment. We further confirmed the adjuvant potential of these released DAMPs by immunization/challenge experiments. The inoculation of supernatants of cells exposed to sole GIHT resulted in tumor growth at the site of inoculation. The immunization with cells exposed to sole radiotherapy rather fostered the growth of secondary tumors in vivo. Contrarily, a discreet reduction of secondary tumor volumes was observed in mice immunized with a single dose of cells and supernatants treated with the combination of GIHT and irradiation. We propose the simultaneous release of several DAMPs as a potential mechanism fostering anti-tumor immunity against previously irradiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Shan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Qi Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Liu W, Xu G. Gradual healing of macular retinoschisis after photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in pathological myopia eyes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Sen K, Sheppe AEF, Singh I, Hui WW, Edelmann MJ, Rinaldi C. Exosomes released by breast cancer cells under mild hyperthermic stress possess immunogenic potential and modulate polarization in vitro in macrophages. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:696-710. [PMID: 32568583 PMCID: PMC8694666 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1778800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a dual role in tumor initiation and progression, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects; hence, it is essential to understand the distinct responses of macrophages to tumor progression and therapy. Mild hyperthermia has gained importance as a therapeutic regimen against cancer due to its immunogenic nature, efficacy, and potential synergy with other therapies, yet the response of macrophages to molecular signals from hyperthermic cancer cells has not yet been clearly defined. Due to limited response rate of breast cancer to conventional therapeutics the development, and understanding of alternative therapies like hyperthermia is pertinent. In order to determine conditions corresponding to mild thermal dose, cytotoxicity of different hyperthermic temperatures and treatment durations were tested in normal murine macrophages and breast cancer cell lines. Examination of exosome release in hyperthermia-treated cancer cells revealed enhanced efflux and a larger size of exosomes released under hyperthermic stress. Exposure of naïve murine macrophages to exosomes released from 4T1 and EMT-6 cells posthyperthermia treatment, led to an increased expression of specific macrophage activation markers. Further, exosomes released by hyperthermia-treated cancer cells had increased content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Together, these results suggest a potential immunogenic role for exosomes released from cancer cells treated with mild hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacoli Sen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Austin E. F. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Ishita Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Winnie W. Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Carlos Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Serrano-Del Valle A, Anel A, Naval J, Marzo I. Immunogenic Cell Death and Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:50. [PMID: 31041312 PMCID: PMC6476910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, immunotherapy has demonstrated a prominent clinical efficacy in a wide variety of human tumors. For many years, apoptosis has been considered a non-immunogenic or tolerogenic process whereas necrosis or necroptosis has long been acknowledged to play a key role in inflammation and immune-related processes. However, the new concept of “immunogenic cell death” (ICD) has challenged this traditional view and has granted apoptosis with immunogenic abilities. This paradigm shift offers clear implications in designing novel anti-cancer therapeutic approaches. To date, several screening studies have been carried out to discover bona fide ICD inducers and reveal the inherent capacity of a wide variety of drugs to induce cell death-associated exposure of danger signals and to bring about in vivo anti-cancer immune responses. Recent shreds of evidence place ER stress at the core of all the scenarios where ICD occur. Furthermore, ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have emerged as important targets in different human cancers. Notably, in multiple myeloma (MM), a lethal plasma cell disorder, the elevated production of immunoglobulins leaves these cells heavily reliant on the survival arm of the UPR. For that reason, drugs that disrupt ER homeostasis and engage ER stress-associated cell death, such as proteasome inhibitors, which are currently used for the treatment of MM, as well as novel ER stressors are intended to be promising therapeutic agents in MM. This not only holds true for their capacity to induce cell death, but also to their potential ability to activate the immunogenic arm of the ER stress response, with the ensuing exposure of danger signals. We provide here an overview of the up-to-date knowledge regarding the cell death mechanisms involved in situations of ER stress with a special focus on the connections with the drug-induced ER stress pathways that evoke ICD. We will also discuss how this could assist in optimizing and developing better immunotherapeutic approaches, especially in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Anel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Zhang H, Wang P, Wang X, Shi L, Fan Z, Zhang G, Yang D, Bahavar CF, Zhou F, Chen WR, Wang X. Antitumor Effects of DC Vaccine With ALA-PDT-Induced Immunogenic Apoptotic Cells for Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818785275. [PMID: 30025490 PMCID: PMC6053869 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818785275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted immunotherapy using dendritic cell vaccine has been employed for the treatment
of solid tumors. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy, an
established approach for topical cancers, can induce an effective antitumor immune
response. We have previously shown that 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic
therapy–induced tumor lysates could considerably enhance antigen-presenting capacity of
ex vivo-generated dendritic cells. The current study further
demonstrates that 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy dendritic cell
vaccine can induce immune responses against cancers. Dendritic cells pulsed by
photodynamic therapy–treated skin squamous cell carcinoma cells inhibited squamous cell
carcinoma to a greater extent than tumor lysates treated by photodynamic therapy alone or
dendritic cells pulsed by freeze–thawed treated tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry showed
that photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine could increase the activity of
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor implantation sites. Flow
cytometry assays showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleens of
photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine immunized mice increased significantly.
Furthermore, we observed increased amounts of interleukin 12 and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)
and decreased amounts of interleukin 10 in the splenocytes and peripheral blood of
photodynamic therapy dendritic cell vaccine immunized mice by enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA). Taken together, our findings suggest that photodynamic therapy dendritic
cell vaccination is an effective prophylactic therapy for squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixia Fan
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Degang Yang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cody F Bahavar
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Feifan Zhou
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Wei R Chen
- 3 Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- 1 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.,2 Institute of Photomedicine and Department of Phototherapy at Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Garcia VG, Gualberto EC, Ervolino E, Nagata MJH, de Almeida JM, Theodoro LH. aPDT for periodontitis treatment in ovariectomized rats under systemic nicotine. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Luo M, Shi L, Zhang F, Zhou F, Zhang L, Wang B, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhang G, Chen WR, Wang X. Laser immunotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with optimal thermal effects to enhance tumour immunogenicity. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:1337-1350. [PMID: 29482392 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1446221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser immunotherapy is a new anti-cancer therapy combining photothermal therapy and immunostimulation. It can eliminate the tumours by damaging tumour cells directly and promoting the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to enhance tumour immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal effects of laser immunotherapy and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laser immunotherapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). METHODS The cell viability and the DAMPs productions of heat-treated cSCC A431 cells in different temperatures were investigated. Laser immunotherapy with the optimal thermal effect for DAMPs production was performed on SKH-1 mice bearing ultraviolet-induced cSCC and a patient suffering from a large refractory cSCC. RESULTS The temperature in the range of 45-50 °C killing half of A431 cells had an optimal thermal effect for the productions of DAMPs. The thermal effect could be further enhanced by local application of imiquimod, an immunoadjuvant. Laser immunotherapy eliminated most tumours and improved the survival rate of the ultraviolet-induced cSCC-bearing SKH-1 mice (p < 0.05). The patient with cSCC treated by laser immunotherapy experienced a significant tumour reduction after laser immunotherapy increased the amounts of infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumour. No obviously adverse effect was observed in the mice experiment or in the clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly indicate that laser immunotherapy with optimal thermal effects is an effective and safe treatment modality for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Fuhe Zhang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- b Biophotonics Research Laboratory , Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research University of Central Oklahoma , Edmond , OK , USA
| | - Linglin Zhang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Peiru Wang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Degang Yang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Wei R Chen
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China.,b Biophotonics Research Laboratory , Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research University of Central Oklahoma , Edmond , OK , USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- a Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , PR China
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12
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Jung NC, Lee JH, Chung KH, Kwak YS, Lim DS. Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:686-690. [PMID: 29627706 PMCID: PMC6154348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a treatment for solid tumors, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has not been as effective as expected. Here, we review the reasons underlying the limitations of DC-based immunotherapy for solid tumors and ask what can be done to improve immune cell-based cancer therapies. Several reports show that, rather than a lack of immune induction, the limited efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy in cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) likely results from inhibition of immune responses by tumor-secreted TGF-β and an increase in the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in and around the solid tumor. Indeed, unlike DC therapy for solid tumors, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced by DC therapy inhibit tumor recurrence after surgery; CTL responses also limit tumor metastasis induced by additional tumor-challenge in RCC tumor-bearing mice. Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the poor efficacy of DC-based therapy for solid tumors and stress the need for new and improved DC immunotherapies and/or combination therapies with killer cells to treat resistant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Chul Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Pharos Vaccine Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13215, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Pharos Vaccine Inc., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13215, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoe Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui University, College of Arts and Sports Science, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Theodoraki M, Lorenz K, Lotfi R, Fürst D, Tsamadou C, Jaekle S, Mytilineos J, Brunner C, Theodorakis J, Hoffmann T, Laban S, Schuler P. Influence of photodynamic therapy on peripheral immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations in head and neck cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Lu C, Zhou F, Wu S, Liu L, Xing D. Phototherapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity: Long-Term Tumor Suppression Effects via Photoinactivation of Respiratory Chain Oxidase-Triggered Superoxide Anion Burst. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:249-62. [PMID: 26413929 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our previous studies have demonstrated that as a mitochondria-targeting cancer phototherapy, high-fluence, low-power laser irradiation (HF-LPLI) results in oxidative damage that induces tumor cell apoptosis. In this study, we focused on the immunological effects of HF-LPLI phototherapy and explored its antitumor immune regulatory mechanism. RESULTS We found not only that HF-LPLI treatment induced tumor cell apoptosis but also that HF-LPLI-treated apoptotic tumor cells activated macrophages. Due to mitochondrial superoxide anion burst after HF-LPLI treatment, tumor cells displayed a high level of phosphatidylserine oxidation, which mediated the recognition and uptake by macrophages with the subsequent secretion of cytokines and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition, in vivo results showed that HF-LPLI treatment caused leukocyte infiltration into the tumor and efficaciously inhibited tumor growth in an EMT6 tumor model. These phenomena were absent in the respiration-deficient EMT6 tumor model, implying that the HF-LPLI-elicited immunological effects were dependent on the mitochondrial superoxide anion burst. INNOVATION In this study, for the first time, we show that HF-LPLI mediates tumor-killing effects via targeting photoinactivation of respiratory chain oxidase to trigger a superoxide anion burst, leading to a high level of oxidatively modified moieties, which contributes to the phenotypic changes in macrophages and mediates the antitumor immune response. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that HF-LPLI may be an effective cancer treatment modality that both eradicates the treated primary tumors and induces an antitumor immune response via photoinactivation of respiratory chain oxidase to trigger superoxide anion burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Lu
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Xing
- 1 MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Joint Laboratory of Laser Oncology with Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, China
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15
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Reginato E, Lindenmann J, Langner C, Schweintzger N, Bambach I, Smolle-Jüttner F, Wolf P. Photodynamic therapy downregulates the function of regulatory T cells in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1281-9. [PMID: 25005268 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) by selective photosensitization of cancer cells and subsequent laser application results in local tumor necrosis. However, the effects of PDT on immune function, which may depend on the type of immune response, are controversial. We investigated the immunological changes induced by PDT and the effect of PDT on level and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed patient's blood samples before and after PDT. Blood CD4+CD25+CD127-FoxP3+ Treg levels were quantified by FACS, and Treg function was evaluated by coculture proliferation assays with T effector (Teff) cells. We found that PDT abrogated the suppressive capacity of peripheral Treg (Days 7 and 14, p = 0.016) but had no effect on Treg levels. The effect of PDT on Treg function at Day 7 was accompanied by slight but statistically significant increases in peripheral neutrophil granulocytes (p = 0.035) and monocytes (p = 0.013) and a statistically significant increase (approximately 18-fold) in serum IL-6 levels (p = 0.008). In conclusion, PDT abolished Treg function, possibly due to increased IL-6 levels in treated ESCC patients. This may be crucial for an improved therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Reginato
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria.
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16
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Sahu K, Sharma M, Dube A, Gupta PK. Topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1923-9. [PMID: 26160556 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of our investigations on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) on angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice. For this, measurements were made on levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and markers of proinflammatory stress (phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B and p(38) mitogen-activated protein kinase) on day 3 post-wounding. For uninfected and infected wounds, the levels of NO, VEGF-A were lower and the levels of phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK were higher in diabetic mice compared with that in nondiabetic mice. For infected wounds, multiple APDT (fluence ~60 J/cm(2)) led to increase in NO, VEGF-A levels and a decrease in the phospho-NF-kB-p65, phospho-p(38)MAPK. Further, compared with aminoguanidine, and silver nitrate, multiple APDT was observed to result in a much improved proangiogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageswar Sahu
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, R&D Block-D, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452 013, Madhya Pradesh, India,
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17
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Korbelik M, Hamblin MR. The impact of macrophage-cancer cell interaction on the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1403-9. [PMID: 25620672 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the principal host cell populations in solid tumors. They are capable, due to their plasticity, of acquiring phenotypes that either combat (M1 type) or promote (M2 type) neoplastic growth. These cells, known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), play complex but pivotal roles in the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant lesions. Among the various parenchymal and stromal cell populations found in tumors, TAMs have been shown to have the greatest capacity for the uptake of systemically administered photosensitizers. Both the tumor-localizing property of photosensitizers and their tumor-localized fluorescence could be partly attributed to the activity of TAMs. Since resident TAMs with accumulated high photosensitizer content will sustain high degrees of PDT damage, this population (predominantly M2 in most tumors) is selectively destroyed, and during the ensuing inflammatory reaction is replaced with newly invading macrophages of M1 phenotype. These macrophages are sentinels responding to DAMP signals from PDT-treated tumor cells and in turn are mobilized to generate a variety of inflammatory/immune mediators and opsonins. They have a critical role in contributing to the therapeutic effect of PDT by mediating disposal of killed cancer cells and by processing/presenting tumor antigens to T lymphocytes. However, TAMs accumulating in the later post-PDT phase can acquire the M2 (healing) phenotype, and could have a role in tumor recurrence by releasing factors that promote angiogenesis and the survival/proliferation of remaining cancer cells. Various therapeutic strategies modulating TAM activity in the PDT response have potential for clinical use for improving PDT-mediated tumor control.
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InCVAX--a novel strategy for treatment of late-stage, metastatic cancers through photoimmunotherapy induced tumor-specific immunity. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:169-77. [PMID: 25633839 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel, promising potential cancer vaccine strategy was proposed to use a two-injection procedure for solid tumors to prompt the immune system to identify and systemically eliminate primary and metastatic cancers. The two-injection procedure consists of local photothermal application on a selected tumor intended to liberate whole cell tumor antigens, followed by a local injection of an immunoadjuvant that consists of a semi-synthetic functionalized glucosamine polymer, N-dihydro-galacto-chitosan (GC), which is intended to activate antigen presenting cells and facilitate an increased uptake of tumor antigens. This strategy is thus proposed as an in situ autologous cancer vaccine (inCVAX) that may activate antigen presenting cells and expose them to tumor antigens in situ, with the intention of inducing a systemic tumor specific T-cell response. Here, the development of inCVAX for the treatment of metastatic cancers in the past decades is systematically reviewed. The antitumor immune responses of local photothermal treatment and immunological stimulation with GC are also discussed. This treatment approach is also commonly referred to as laser immunotherapy (LIT).
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Jing W, Juan X, Li X, Jiayuan C, Qin H, Qing L, Shengmei X. Complete remission of two patients with recurrent and wide spread extramammary Paget disease obtained from 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy and imiquimod combination treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:904834. [PMID: 24868319 PMCID: PMC4020198 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea with documented antioxidative properties. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of the protective effect of SAL on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced endothelial dysfunction. Pretreatment of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SAL significantly reduced the cytotoxicity brought by H2O2. Functional studies on the rat aortas found that SAL rescued the endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced superoxide anion (O2∙−) production induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, SAL pretreatment inhibited H2O2-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of H2O2-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Akt, as well as the redox sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB). SAL also increased mitochondrial mass and upregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the endothelial cells. H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and ATP production, was rescued by SAL pretreatment. Taken together, these findings implicate that SAL could protect endothelium against H2O2-induced injury via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thus preventing the overactivation of oxidative stress-related downstream signaling pathways.
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21
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Garg AD, Agostinis P. ER stress, autophagy and immunogenic cell death in photodynamic therapy-induced anti-cancer immune responses. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:474-87. [PMID: 24493131 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumours are a form of pseudo-organs with their own microenvironment where the cancer cells nurture a dysfunctional immune environment incapable of inciting anti-tumour immunity. It had been proposed that the only way to counteract such an immune system dysfunction in tumours is by eliciting, therapeutically, a cancer cell death pathway that is accompanied by high immunogenicity and possibly inhibits or reduces the influence of the pro-tumourigenic cytokine signalling. Subsequently, a small and a large-scale screening study as well as several targeted studies found that few, selected anticancer therapeutic regimens are able to induce a promising kind of cancer cell demise called immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can activate the immune system owing to the spatiotemporally defined emission of danger signals. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing the photosensitiser, hypericin (Hyp), became the first PDT paradigm characterized to be capable of inducing bona fide ICD. In the present perspective, we discuss the various technical, conceptual, and molecular advancements and unprecedented results revealed by Hyp-PDT that have influenced the fields of ICD, ER stress biology, cancer cell death, anti-cancer immune responses, photoimmunology and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KULeuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Garg AD, Martin S, Golab J, Agostinis P. Danger signalling during cancer cell death: origins, plasticity and regulation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:26-38. [PMID: 23686135 PMCID: PMC3858605 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data indicates that following anti-cancer treatments, cancer cell death can be perceived as immunogenic or tolerogenic by the immune system. The former is made possible due to the ability of certain anti-cancer modalities to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) that is associated with the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which assist in unlocking a sequence of events leading to the development of anti-tumour immunity. In response to ICD inducers, activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified to be indispensable to confer the immunogenic character of cancer cell death, due to its ability to coordinate the danger signalling pathways responsible for the trafficking of vital DAMPs and subsequent anti-cancer immune responses. However, in recent times, certain processes apart from ER stress have emerged (e.g., autophagy and possibly viral response-like signature), which have the ability to influence danger signalling. In this review, we discuss the molecular nature, emerging plasticity in the danger signalling mechanisms and immunological impact of known DAMPs in the context of immunogenic cancer cell death. We also discuss key effector mechanisms modulating the interface between dying cancer cells and the immune cells, which we believe are crucial for the therapeutic relevance of ICD in the context of human cancers, and also discuss the influence of experimental conditions and animal models on these.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Martin
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Golab
- Department of Immunology, Centre of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department 3, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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