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Li Y, Luo W, Yang W. Nuclear Transport and Accumulation of Smad Proteins Studied by Single-Molecule Microscopy. Biophys J 2019; 114:2243-2251. [PMID: 29742417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of stimulated Smad heterocomplexes is a critical step in the signal transduction of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) from transmembrane receptors into the nucleus. Specifically, normal nuclear accumulation of Smad2/Smad4 heterocomplexes induced by TGF-β1 is involved in carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between nuclear accumulation and the nucleocytoplasmic transport kinetics of Smad proteins in the presence of TGF-β1 remains obscure. By combining a high-speed single-molecule tracking microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer technique, we tracked the entire TGF-β1-induced process of Smad2/Smad4 heterocomplex formation, as well as their transport through nuclear pore complexes in live cells, with a high single-molecule localization precision of 2 ms and <20 nm. Our single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer data have revealed that in TGF-β1-treated cells, Smad2/Smad4 heterocomplexes formed in the cytoplasm, imported through the nuclear pore complexes as entireties, and finally dissociated in the nucleus. Moreover, we found that basal-state Smad2 or Smad4 cannot accumulate in the nucleus without the presence of TGF-β1, mainly because both of them have an approximately twofold higher nuclear export efficiency compared to their nuclear import. Remarkably and reversely, heterocomplexes of Smad2/Smad4 induced by TGF-β1 can rapidly concentrate in the nucleus because of their almost fourfold higher nuclear import rate in comparison with their nuclear export rate. Thus, we believe that the determined TGF-β1-dependent transport configurations and efficiencies for the basal-state Smad or stimulated Smad heterocomplexes elucidate the basic molecular mechanism to understand their nuclear transport and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wangxi Luo
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Caveolin-1 regulates TCR signal strength and regulatory T-cell differentiation into alloreactive T cells. Blood 2016; 127:1930-9. [PMID: 26837700 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-672428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a key organizer of membrane specializations and a scaffold protein that regulates signaling in multiple cell types. We found increased Cav-1 expression in human and murine T cells after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Indeed, Cav-1(-/-)donor T cells caused less severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and yielded higher numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with controls. Depletion of Tregs from the graft abrogated this protective effect. Correspondingly, Treg frequencies increased when Cav-1(-/-)T cells were exposed to transforming growth factor-β/T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 activation or alloantigen stimulation in vitro compared with wild-type T cells. Mechanistically, we found that the phosphorylation of Cav-1 is dispensable for the control of T-cell fate by using a nonphosphorylatable Cav-1 (Y14F/Y14F) point-mutation variant. Moreover, the close proximity of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) to the TCR induced by TCR-activation was reduced in Cav-1(-/-)T cells. Therefore, less TCR/Lck clustering results in suboptimal activation of the downstream signaling events, which correlates with the preferential development into a Treg phenotype. Overall, we report a novel role for Cav-1 in TCR/Lck spatial distribution upon TCR triggering, which controls T-cell fate toward a regulatory phenotype. This alteration translated into a significant increase in the frequency of Tregs and reduced GVHD in vivo.
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Khalid A, Wolfram J, Mu C, Mai J, Yang Z, Wang F, Zhao Y, Ferrari M, Ma X, Yang Y, Shen H. Recent Advances in Discovering the Role of CCL5 in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2015; 15:1063-72. [PMID: 26420723 PMCID: PMC4968951 DOI: 10.2174/138955751513150923094709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of therapeutic strategies are currently under investigation to inhibit factors that promote tumor invasion, as metastasis is the most common cause of mortality for cancer patients. Notably, considerable emphasis has been placed on studying metastasis as a dynamic process that is highly dependent on the tumor microenvironment. In regards to breast cancer, chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), which is produced by tumor-associated stromal cells, has been established as an important contributor to metastatic disease. This review summarizes recent discoveries uncovering the role of this chemokine in breast cancer metastasis, including conditions that increase the generation of CCL5 and effects induced by this signaling pathway. In particular, CCL-5-mediated cancer cell migration and invasion are discussed in the context of intertwined feedback loops between breast cancer cells and stromal cells. Moreover, the potential use of CCL5 and its receptor chemokine C-C motif receptor 5 (CCR5) as targets for preventing breast cancer metastasis is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Medical Program, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wang F, Yang Y. RETRACTED: Identification of an antitumor immune response of polyhistidine through a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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RETRACTED: Quercetin suppresses insulin receptor signaling through inhibition of the insulin ligand-receptor binding and therefore impairs cancer cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:1028-33. [PMID: 25241191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the flavonoid quercetin is known to inhibit activation of insulin receptor signaling, the inhibitory mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that quercetin suppresses insulin induced dimerization of the insulin receptor (IR) through interfering with ligand-receptor interactions, which reduces the phosphorylation of IR and Akt. This inhibitory effect further inhibits insulin stimulated glucose uptake due to decreased cell membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), resulting in impaired cancer cell proliferation. The effect of quercetin in inhibiting tumor growth was also evident in an in vivo model, indicating a potential future application for quercetin in the treatment of cancers.
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Wang F, Yang Y. Suppression of the xCT-CD44v antiporter system sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 147:203-10. [PMID: 25085754 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The xCT antiporter is known to be upregulated in 30 % of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. The xCT-CD44 variant (CD44v) system regulates the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and promotes tumor growth. Here, the role of this antiporter system in relation to chemotherapy was evaluated. MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 cells were transfected with lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA against xCT or CD44v. Following doxorubicin treatment, cellular proliferation was monitored, ROS were measured, and intracellular levels of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A TNBC orthotopic tumor model was used to evaluate the impact of xCT-CD44v inhibition on doxorubicin efficacy in vivo. Doxorubicin treatment of TNBC cells caused increased expression of xCT through upregulation of CD44v. Consequently, the intracellular uptake of cystine increased, enabling rapid synthesis of GSH, and neutralization of doxorubicin-induced ROS. Suppression of xCT or CD44v impaired the defense against drug-induced oxidative stress, thereby sensitizing cells to doxorubicin. The importance of the xCT-CD44v in supporting tumor growth during doxorubicin treatment was also demonstrated in an in vivo tumor model of TNBC. These findings suggest that the antiporter system could serve as a target for increasing the anticancer efficacy of conventional therapy in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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