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Wang Y, Bergström J, Ingelsson M, Westermark GT. Studies on alpha-synuclein and islet amyloid polypeptide interaction. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1080112. [PMID: 36793785 PMCID: PMC9922763 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1080112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes have both elements of local amyloid depositions in their pathogenesis. In Parkinson's disease, alpha-synuclein (aSyn) forms insoluble Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in brain neurons, and in type 2 diabetes, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) comprises the amyloid in the islets of Langerhans. In this study, we assessed the interaction between aSyn and IAPP in human pancreatic tissues, both ex vivo and in vitro. Material and Methods: The antibody-based detection techniques, proximity ligation assay (PLA), and immuno-TEM were used for co-localization studies. Bifluorescence complementation (BiFC) was used for interaction studies between IAPP and aSyn in HEK 293 cells. The Thioflavin T assay was used for studies of cross-seeding between IAPP and aSyn. ASyn was downregulated with siRNA, and insulin secretion was monitored using TIRF microscopy. Results: We demonstrate intracellular co-localization of aSyn with IAPP, while aSyn is absent in the extracellular amyloid deposits. ASyn reactivity is present in the secretory granules of β-cells and some α-cells in human islets. The BiFC-expression of aSyn/aSyn and IAPP/IAPP in HEK293 cells resulted in 29.3% and 19.7% fluorescent cells, respectively, while aSyn/IAPP co-expression resulted in ∼10% fluorescent cells. Preformed aSyn fibrils seeded IAPP fibril formation in vitro, but adding preformed IAPP seeds to aSyn did not change aSyn fibrillation. In addition, mixing monomeric aSyn with monomeric IAPP did not affect IAPP fibril formation. Finally, the knockdown of endogenous aSyn did not affect β cell function or viability, nor did overexpression of aSyn affect β cell viability. Discussion: Despite the proximity of aSyn and IAPP in β-cells and the detected capacity of preformed aSyn fibrils to seed IAPP in vitro, it is still an open question if an interaction between the two molecules is of pathogenic significance for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergström
- Departments ofPublic Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Departments ofPublic Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gunilla T. Westermark
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Gunilla T. Westermark,
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Fields CR, Bengoa-Vergniory N, Wade-Martins R. Targeting Alpha-Synuclein as a Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:299. [PMID: 31866823 PMCID: PMC6906193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders with a global burden of approximately 6.1 million patients. Alpha-synuclein has been linked to both the sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Moreover, alpha-synuclein is present in Lewy-bodies, the neuropathological hallmark of PD, and the protein and its aggregation have been widely linked to neurotoxic pathways that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration. Such pathways include autophagy/lysosomal dysregulation, synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial disruption, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress. Alpha-synuclein has not only been shown to alter cellular pathways but also to spread between cells, causing aggregation in host cells. Therapeutic approaches will need to address several, if not all, of these angles of alpha-synuclein toxicity. Here we review the current advances in therapeutic efforts for PD that aim to produce a disease-modifying therapy by targeting the spread, production, aggregation, and degradation of alpha-synuclein. These include: receptor blocking strategies whereby putative alpha-synuclein receptors could be blocked inhibiting alpha-synuclein spread, an alpha-synuclein reduction which will decrease the amount alpha-synuclein available for aggregation and pathway disruption, the use of small molecules in order to target alpha-synuclein aggregation, immunotherapy and the increase of alpha-synuclein degradation by increasing autophagy/lysosomal flux. The research discussed here may lead to a disease-modifying therapy that tackles disease onset and progression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Bengoa-Vergniory
- Department of Physiology, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Center, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vaikath NN, Hmila I, Gupta V, Erskine D, Ingelsson M, El-Agnaf OMA. Antibodies against alpha-synuclein: tools and therapies. J Neurochem 2019; 150:612-625. [PMID: 31055836 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy are characterized by the abnormal accumulation and propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in the central and peripheral nervous system as Lewy bodies or glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Several antibodies against α-syn have been developed since it was first detected as the major component of Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Over the years, researchers have generated specific antibodies that alleviate the accumulation of intracellular aggregated α-syn and associated pathology in cellular and preclinical models of synucleinopathies. So far, antibodies have been the first choice as tools for research and diagnosis and currently, a wide variety of antibody fragments have been developed as an alternative to full-length antibodies for increasing its therapeutic usefulness. Recently, conformation specific antibody-based approaches have been found to be promising as therapeutic strategies, both to block α-syn aggregation and ameliorate the resultant cytotoxicity, and as diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarize different α-syn specific antibodies and provide their usefulness in tackling synucleinopathies. This article is part of the Special Issue "Synuclein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Issam Hmila
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Gaglione R, Smaldone G, Di Girolamo R, Piccoli R, Pedone E, Arciello A. Cell milieu significantly affects the fate of AApoAI amyloidogenic variants: predestination or serendipity? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:377-384. [PMID: 29174954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific apolipoprotein A-I variants are associated to severe hereditary amyloidoses. The organ distribution of AApoAI amyloidosis seems to depend on the position of the mutation, since mutations in residues from 1 to 75 are mainly associated to hepatic and renal amyloidosis, while mutations in residues from 173 to 178 are mostly responsible for cardiac, laryngeal, and cutaneous amyloidosis. Molecular bases of this tissue specificity are still poorly understood, but it is increasingly emerging that protein destabilization induced by amyloidogenic mutations is neither necessary nor sufficient for amyloidosis development. METHODS By using a multidisciplinary approach, including circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, spectrofluorometric and atomic force microscopy analyses, the effect of target cells on the conformation and fibrillogenic pathway of the two AApoAI amyloidogenic variants AApoAIL75P and AApoAIL174S has been monitored. RESULTS Our data show that specific cell milieus selectively affect conformation, aggregation propensity and fibrillogenesis of the two AApoAI amyloidogenic variants. CONCLUSIONS An intriguing picture emerged indicating that defined cell contexts selectively induce fibrillogenesis of specific AApoAI variants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE An innovative methodological approach, based on the use of whole intact cells to monitor the effects of cell context on AApoAI variants fibrillogenic pathway, has been set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Piccoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Naples, Italy; Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy.
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Gaglione R, Pirone L, Farina B, Fusco S, Smaldone G, Aulitto M, Dell'Olmo E, Roscetto E, Del Gatto A, Fattorusso R, Notomista E, Zaccaro L, Arciello A, Pedone E, Contursi P. Insights into the anticancer properties of the first antimicrobial peptide from Archaea. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
α-Synuclein is an abundant neuronal protein which localizes predominantly to presynaptic terminals, and is strongly linked genetically and pathologically to Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. While the accumulation of α-synuclein in the form of misfolded oligomers and large aggregates defines multiple neurodegenerative diseases called "synucleinopathies", its cellular function has remained largely unclear, and is the subject of intense investigation. In this review, I focus on the structural characteristics of α-synuclein, its cellular and subcellular localization, and discuss how this relates to its function in neurons, in particular at the neuronal synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Burré
- Appel Institute for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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