1
|
Amin MA, Chakraborty M, Wallace DA, Varma D. Coordination between the Ndc80 complex and dynein is essential for microtubule plus-end capture by kinetochores during early mitosis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104711. [PMID: 37060995 PMCID: PMC10206188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic kinetochores are initially captured by dynamic microtubules via a "search-and-capture" mechanism. The microtubule motor, dynein, is critical for kinetochore capture as it has been shown to transport microtubule-attached chromosomes toward the spindle pole during prometaphase. The microtubule-binding nuclear division cycle 80 (Ndc80) complex that is recruited to kinetochores in prophase is known to play a central role in forming kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments in metaphase. It is not yet clear, however, how Ndc80 contributes to initial kMT capture during prometaphase. Here, by combining CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and RNAi technology with assays specific to study kMT capture, we show that mitotic cells lacking Ndc80 exhibit substantial defects in this function during prometaphase. Rescue experiments show that Ndc80 mutants deficient in microtubule-binding are unable to execute proper kMT capture. While cells inhibited of dynein alone are predominantly able to make initial kMT attachments, cells co-depleted of Ndc80 and dynein show severe defects in kMT capture. Further, we use an in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy assay to reconstitute microtubule capture events, which suggest that Ndc80 and dynein coordinate with each other for microtubule plus-end capture and that the phosphorylation status of Ndc80 is critical for productive kMT capture. A novel interaction between Ndc80 and dynein that we identify in prometaphase extracts might be critical for efficient plus-end capture. Thus, our studies, for the first time, identify a distinct event in the formation of initial kMT attachments, which is directly mediated by Ndc80 and in coordination with dynein is required for efficient kMT capture and chromosome alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullahel Amin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Destiny Ariel Wallace
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dileep Varma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Itoh G, Ikeda M, Iemura K, Amin MA, Kuriyama S, Tanaka M, Mizuno N, Osakada H, Haraguchi T, Tanaka K. Lateral attachment of kinetochores to microtubules is enriched in prometaphase rosette and facilitates chromosome alignment and bi-orientation establishment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3888. [PMID: 29497093 PMCID: PMC5832872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation is ensured by the establishment of bi-orientation; the attachment of sister kinetochores to the end of microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles. In addition, kinetochores can also attach to lateral surfaces of microtubules; called lateral attachment, which plays a role in chromosome capture and transport. However, molecular basis and biological significance of lateral attachment are not fully understood. We have addressed these questions by focusing on the prometaphase rosette, a typical chromosome configuration in early prometaphase. We found that kinetochores form uniform lateral attachments in the prometaphase rosette. Many transient kinetochore components are maximally enriched, in an Aurora B activity-dependent manner, when the prometaphase rosette is formed. We revealed that rosette formation is driven by rapid poleward motion of dynein, but can occur even in its absence, through slow kinetochore movements caused by microtubule depolymerization that is supposedly dependent on kinetochore tethering at microtubule ends by CENP-E. We also found that chromosome connection to microtubules is extensively lost when lateral attachment is perturbed in cells defective in end-on attachment. Our findings demonstrate that lateral attachment is an important intermediate in bi-orientation establishment and chromosome alignment, playing a crucial role in incorporating chromosomes into the nascent spindle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenji Iemura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mohammed Abdullahel Amin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Natsuki Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Osakada
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amin MA, McKenney RJ, Varma D. Antagonism between the dynein and Ndc80 complexes at kinetochores controls the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachments during mitosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5755-5765. [PMID: 29475948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis require kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachments that are mediated by the molecular motor dynein and the kMT-binding complex Ndc80. The Rod-ZW10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex is central to this coordination as it has an important role in dynein recruitment and has recently been reported to have a key function in the regulation of stable kMT attachments in Caenorhabditis elegans besides its role in activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the mechanism by which these protein complexes control kMT attachments to drive chromosome motility during early mitosis is still unclear. Here, using in vitro total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we observed that higher concentrations of Ndc80 inhibited dynein binding to MTs, providing evidence that Ndc80 and dynein antagonize each other's function. High-resolution microscopy and siRNA-mediated functional disruption revealed that severe defects in chromosome alignment induced by depletion of dynein or the dynein adapter Spindly are rescued by codepletion of the RZZ component Rod in human cells. Interestingly, rescue of the chromosome alignment defects was independent of Rod function in SAC activation and was accompanied by a remarkable restoration of stable kMT attachments. Furthermore, the chromosome alignment rescue depended on the plus-end-directed motility of centromere protein E (CENP-E) because cells codepleted of CENP-E, Rod, and dynein could not establish stable kMT attachments or align their chromosomes properly. Our findings support the idea that dynein may control the function of the Ndc80 complex in stabilizing kMT attachments directly by interfering with Ndc80-MT binding or indirectly by controlling the Rod-mediated inhibition of Ndc80.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Amin
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Dileep Varma
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kinetochore-microtubule interactions in chromosome segregation: lessons from yeast and mammalian cells. Biochem J 2017; 474:3559-3577. [PMID: 29046344 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome congression and segregation require robust yet dynamic attachment of the kinetochore with the spindle microtubules. Force generated at the kinetochore-microtubule interface plays a vital role to drive the attachment, as it is required to move chromosomes and to provide signal to sense correct attachments. To understand the mechanisms underlying these processes, it is critical to describe how the force is generated and how the molecules at the kinetochore-microtubule interface are organized and assembled to withstand the force and respond to it. Research in the past few years or so has revealed interesting insights into the structural organization and architecture of kinetochore proteins that couple kinetochore attachment to the spindle microtubules. Interestingly, despite diversities in the molecular players and their modes of action, there appears to be architectural similarity of the kinetochore-coupling machines in lower to higher eukaryotes. The present review focuses on the most recent advances in understanding of the molecular and structural aspects of kinetochore-microtubule interaction based on the studies in yeast and vertebrate cells.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
Collapse
|