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Jing S, Gao J, Tiwari N, Du Y, Zhu L, Gim B, Qian Y, Yue X, Lee I. SUMOylated Golgin45 associates with PML-NB to transcriptionally regulate lipid metabolism genes during heat shock stress. Commun Biol 2024; 7:532. [PMID: 38710927 PMCID: PMC11074300 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Golgin tethers are known to mediate vesicular transport in the secretory pathway, whereas it is relatively unknown whether they may mediate cellular stress response within the cell. Here, we describe a cellular stress response during heat shock stress via SUMOylation of a Golgin tether, Golgin45. We found that Golgin45 is a SUMOylated Golgin via SUMO1 under steady state condition. Upon heat shock stress, the Golgin enters the nucleus by interacting with Importin-β2 and gets further modified by SUMO3. Importantly, SUMOylated Golgin45 appears to interact with PML and SUMO-deficient Golgin45 mutant functions as a dominant negative for PML-NB formation during heat shock stress, suppressing transcription of lipid metabolism genes. These results indicate that Golgin45 may play a role in heat stress response by transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism genes in SUMOylation-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Neeraj Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yulei Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bopil Gim
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Her J, Zheng H, Bunting SF. RNF4 sustains Myc-driven tumorigenesis by facilitating DNA replication. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e167419. [PMID: 38530355 PMCID: PMC11093604 DOI: 10.1172/jci167419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf4 has been reported to act as a regulator of DNA repair, but the importance of RNF4 as a tumor suppressor has not been tested. Using a conditional-knockout mouse model, we deleted Rnf4 in the B cell lineage to test the importance of RNF4 for growth of somatic cells. Although Rnf4-conditional-knockout B cells exhibited substantial genomic instability, Rnf4 deletion caused no increase in tumor susceptibility. In contrast, Rnf4 deletion extended the healthy lifespan of mice expressing an oncogenic c-myc transgene. Rnf4 activity is essential for normal DNA replication, and in its absence, there was a failure in ATR-CHK1 signaling of replication stress. Factors that normally mediate replication fork stability, including members of the Fanconi anemia gene family and the helicases PIF1 and RECQL5, showed reduced accumulation at replication forks in the absence of RNF4. RNF4 deficiency also resulted in an accumulation of hyper-SUMOylated proteins in chromatin, including members of the SMC5/6 complex, which contributes to replication failure by a mechanism dependent on RAD51. These findings indicate that RNF4, which shows increased expression in multiple human tumor types, is a potential target for anticancer therapy, especially in tumors expressing c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Her
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Imran SAM, Yazid MD, Cui W, Lokanathan Y. The Intra- and Extra-Telomeric Role of TRF2 in the DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189900. [PMID: 34576063 PMCID: PMC8470803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) has a well-known function at the telomeres, which acts to protect the telomere end from being recognized as a DNA break or from unwanted recombination. This protection mechanism prevents DNA instability from mutation and subsequent severe diseases caused by the changes in DNA, such as cancer. Since TRF2 actively inhibits the DNA damage response factors from recognizing the telomere end as a DNA break, many more studies have also shown its interactions outside of the telomeres. However, very little has been discovered on the mechanisms involved in these interactions. This review aims to discuss the known function of TRF2 and its interaction with the DNA damage response (DDR) factors at both telomeric and non-telomeric regions. In this review, we will summarize recent progress and findings on the interactions between TRF2 and DDR factors at telomeres and outside of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti A. M. Imran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9145-7704
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Robinson NJ, Miyagi M, Scarborough JA, Scott JG, Taylor DJ, Schiemann WP. SLX4IP promotes RAP1 SUMOylation by PIAS1 to coordinate telomere maintenance through NF-κB and Notch signaling. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe9613. [PMID: 34187905 PMCID: PMC8353884 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe9613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of telomere length supports repetitive cell division and therefore plays a central role in cancer development and progression. Telomeres are extended by either the enzyme telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Here, we found that the telomere-associated protein SLX4IP dictates telomere proteome composition by recruiting and activating the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 to the SLX4 complex. PIAS1 SUMOylated the telomere-binding protein RAP1, which disrupted its interaction with the telomere-binding protein TRF2 and facilitated its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In the cytosol, RAP1 bound to IκB kinase (IKK), resulting in activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and its induction of Jagged-1 expression, which promoted Notch signaling and the institution of ALT. This axis could be targeted therapeutically in ALT-driven cancers and in tumor cells that develop resistance to antitelomerase therapies. Our results illuminate the mechanisms underlying SLX4IP-dependent telomere plasticity and demonstrate the role of telomere proteins in directly coordinating intracellular signaling and telomere maintenance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jessica A Scarborough
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Derek J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Chang YC, Oram MK, Bielinsky AK. SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Ligases and Their Functions in Maintaining Genome Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105391. [PMID: 34065507 PMCID: PMC8161396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs) are specialized enzymes that recognize SUMOylated proteins and attach ubiquitin to them. They therefore connect the cellular SUMOylation and ubiquitination circuits. STUbLs participate in diverse molecular processes that span cell cycle regulated events, including DNA repair, replication, mitosis, and transcription. They operate during unperturbed conditions and in response to challenges, such as genotoxic stress. These E3 ubiquitin ligases modify their target substrates by catalyzing ubiquitin chains that form different linkages, resulting in proteolytic or non-proteolytic outcomes. Often, STUbLs function in compartmentalized environments, such as the nuclear envelope or kinetochore, and actively aid in nuclear relocalization of damaged DNA and stalled replication forks to promote DNA repair or fork restart. Furthermore, STUbLs reside in the same vicinity as SUMO proteases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), providing spatiotemporal control of their targets. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which STUbLs help to maintain genome stability across different species.
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SUMO E3 ligase CBX4 regulates hTERT-mediated transcription of CDH1 and promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Biochem J 2021; 477:3803-3818. [PMID: 32926159 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
hTERT, the catalytic component of the human telomerase enzyme, is regulated by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation and ubiquitination by multiple proteins which remarkably affects the overall activity of the enzyme. Here we report that hTERT gets SUMOylated by SUMO1 and polycomb protein CBX4 acts as the SUMO E3 ligase of hTERT. hTERT SUMOylation positively regulates its telomerase activity which can be inhibited by SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation. Interestingly, we have established a new role of hTERT SUMOylation in the repression of E-cadherin gene expression and consequent triggering on the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) program in breast cancer cells. We also observed that catalytically active CBX4, leads to retention of hTERT/ZEB1 complex onto E-cadherin promoter leading to its repression through hTERT-SUMOylation. Further through wound healing and invasion assays in breast cancer cells, we showed the tumor promoting ability of hTERT was significantly compromised upon overexpression of SUMO-defective mutant of hTERT. Thus our findings establish a new post-translational modification of hTERT which on one hand is involved in telomerase activity maintenance and on the other hand plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression thereby promoting migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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7
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Gilbert-Girard S, Gravel A, Collin V, Wight DJ, Kaufer BB, Lazzerini-Denchi E, Flamand L. Role for the shelterin protein TRF2 in human herpesvirus 6A/B chromosomal integration. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008496. [PMID: 32320442 PMCID: PMC7197865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses 6A and 6B (HHV-6A/B) are unique among human herpesviruses in their ability to integrate their genome into host chromosomes. Viral integration occurs at the ends of chromosomes within the host telomeres. The ends of the HHV-6A/B genomes contain telomeric repeats that facilitate the integration process. Here, we report that productive infections are associated with a massive increase in telomeric sequences of viral origin. The majority of the viral telomeric signals can be detected within viral replication compartments (VRC) that contain the viral DNA processivity factor p41 and the viral immediate-early 2 (IE2) protein. Components of the shelterin protein complex present at telomeres, including TRF1 and TRF2 are also recruited to VRC during infection. Biochemical, immunofluorescence coupled with in situ hybridization and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated the binding of TRF2 to the HHV-6A/B telomeric repeats. In addition, approximately 60% of the viral IE2 protein localize at cellular telomeres during infection. Transient knockdown of TRF2 resulted in greatly reduced (13%) localization of IE2 at cellular telomeres (p<0.0001). Lastly, TRF2 knockdown reduced HHV-6A/B integration frequency (p<0.05), while no effect was observed on the infection efficiency. Overall, our study identified that HHV-6A/B IE2 localizes to telomeres during infection and highlight the role of TRF2 in HHV-6A/B infection and chromosomal integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shella Gilbert-Girard
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Gravel
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Collin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darren J. Wight
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eros Lazzerini-Denchi
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis Flamand
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of microbiology, infectious diseases and immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zalzman M, Meltzer WA, Portney BA, Brown RA, Gupta A. The Role of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Telomere Biology. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2019; 35:85-98. [PMID: 31422934 DOI: 10.21775/cimb.035.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are a unique structure of DNA repeats covered by proteins at the ends of the chromosomes that protect the coding regions of the genome and function as a biological clock. They require a tight regulation of the factors covering and protecting their structure, as they are shortened with each cell division to limit the ability of cells to replicate uncontrollably. Additionally, they protect the chromosome ends from DNA damage responses and thereby, prevent genomic instability. Telomere dysfunction can lead to chromosomal abnormalities and cancer. Therefore, dysregulation of any of the factors that regulate the integrity of the telomeres will have implications to chromosomal stability, replicative lifespan and may lead to cell transformation. This review will cover the main factors participating in the normal function of the telomeres and how these are regulated by the ubiquitin and SUMO systems. Accumulating evidence indicate that the ubiquitin and SUMO pathways are significant regulators of the shelterin complex and other chromatin modifiers, which are important for telomere structure integrity. Furthermore, the crosstalk between these two pathways has been reported in telomeric DNA repair. A better understanding of the factors contributing to telomere biology, and how they are regulated, is important for the design of new strategies for cancer therapies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zalzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Alex Meltzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin A Portney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kostopoulou E, Rojas Gil AP, Spiliotis BE. The role of p21/CIP1/WAF1 (p21) in the negative regulation of the growth hormone/growth hormone receptor and epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, in growth hormone transduction defect. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:204-209. [PMID: 30599481 PMCID: PMC6312915 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.4.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growth hormone transduction defect (GHTD) is characterized by severe short stature, impaired STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) phosphorylation and overexpression of the cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein (CIS) and p21/CIP1/WAF1. To investigate the role of p21/CIP1/WAF1 in the negative regulation of the growth hormone (GH)/GH receptor and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)/EGF Receptor pathways in GHTD. METHODS Fibroblast cultures were developed from gingival biopsies of 1 GHTD patient and 1 control. The protein expression and the cellular localization of p21/CIP1/WAF1 was studied by Western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, respectively: at the basal state and after induction with 200-μg/L human GH (hGH) (GH200), either with or without siRNA CIS (siCIS); at the basal state and after inductions with 200-μg/L hGH (GH200), 1,000-μg/L hGH (GH1000) or 50-ng/mL EGF. RESULTS After GH200/siCIS, the protein expression and nuclear localization of p21 were reduced in the patient. After successful induction of GH signaling (control, GH200; patient, GH1000), the protein expression and nuclear localization of p21 were reduced. After induction with EGF, p21 translocated to the cytoplasm in the control, whereas in the GHTD patient it remained located in the nucleus. CONCLUSION In the GHTD fibroblasts, when CIS is reduced, either after siCIS or after a higher dose of hGH (GH1000), p21's antiproliferative effect (nuclear localization) is also reduced and GH signaling is activated. There also appears to be a positive relationship between the 2 inhibitors of GH signaling, CIS and p21. Finally, in GHTD, p21 seems to participate in the regulation of both the GH and EGF/EGFR pathways, depending upon its cellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kostopoulou
- Paediatric Endocrine Research Laboratory, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece,Address for correspondence: Eirini Kostopoulou, MD, PhD Paediatric Endocrine Research Laboratory, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras 26504, Greece Tel: +30-6972070117 Fax: +30-2610-994-633 E-mail:
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas Gil
- Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Bessie E. Spiliotis
- Paediatric Endocrine Research Laboratory, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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Alagu J, Itahana Y, Sim F, Chao SH, Bi X, Itahana K. Tumor Suppressor p14ARF Enhances IFN-γ–Activated Immune Response by Inhibiting PIAS1 via SUMOylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:451-464. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zilio N, Eifler-Olivi K, Ulrich HD. Functions of SUMO in the Maintenance of Genome Stability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:51-87. [PMID: 28197906 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Like in most other areas of cellular metabolism, the functions of the ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO in the maintenance of genome stability are manifold and varied. Perturbations of global sumoylation causes a wide spectrum of phenotypes associated with defects in DNA maintenance, such as hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, gross chromosomal rearrangements and loss of entire chromosomes. Consistent with these observations, many key factors involved in various DNA repair pathways have been identified as SUMO substrates. However, establishing a functional connection between a given SUMO target, the cognate SUMO ligase and a relevant phenotype has remained a challenge, mainly because of the difficulties involved in identifying important modification sites and downstream effectors that specifically recognize the target in its sumoylated state. This review will give an overview over the major pathways of DNA repair and genome maintenance influenced by the SUMO system and discuss selected examples of SUMO's actions in these pathways where the biological consequences of the modification have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zilio
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Hwang SP, Lee DH. Autophagy mediates SUMO-induced degradation of a polyglutamine protein ataxin-3. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2017; 21:169-176. [PMID: 30460066 PMCID: PMC6138331 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2017.1330765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) promotes the degradation of a polyglutamine (polyQ) protein ataxin-3 and proposed that proteasomes mediate the proteolysis. Here, we present evidence that autophagy is also responsible for SUMO-induced degradation of this polyQ protein. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA increased the steady-state level of ataxin-3 and stabilized SUMO-modified ataxin-3 more prominently than the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Interestingly, SUMO-1 overexpression enhanced the co-localization of ataxin-3 and autophagy marker LC3 without increasing LC3 puncta formation suggesting that SUMO-1 is involved in the substrate recruitment rather than the induction of autophagy. To assess the importance of a putative SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in ataxin-3 for SUMO-induced degradation, we constructed a SIM mutant of ataxin-3. Substitution of putative SIM (V165G) facilitated the degradation of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, which is more resistant to SUMO-induced degradation than the normal ataxin-3. These results together indicate that SUMO-1 promotes the degradation of ataxin-3 via autophagy and the putative SIM of ataxin-3 plays a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Pyung Hwang
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Hee Lee
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Yalçin Z, Selenz C, Jacobs JJL. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation in Telomere Maintenance and Dysfunction. Front Genet 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28588610 PMCID: PMC5440461 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are essential nucleoprotein structures at linear chromosomes that maintain genome integrity by protecting chromosome ends from being recognized and processed as damaged DNA. In addition, they limit the cell’s proliferative capacity, as progressive loss of telomeric DNA during successive rounds of cell division eventually causes a state of telomere dysfunction that prevents further cell division. When telomeres become critically short, the cell elicits a DNA damage response resulting in senescence, apoptosis or genomic instability, thereby impacting on aging and tumorigenesis. Over the past years substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of post-translational modifications in telomere-related processes, including telomere maintenance, replication and dysfunction. This review will focus on recent findings that establish an essential role for ubiquitination and SUMOylation at telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Yalçin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolin Selenz
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Princz A, Tavernarakis N. The role of SUMOylation in ageing and senescent decline. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 162:85-90. [PMID: 28088449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modifications are playing crucial roles in essential cellular mechanisms. SUMOylation is a reversible posttranslational modification of specific target proteins by the attachment of a small ubiquitin-like protein. Although the mechanism of conjugation of SUMO to proteins is analogous to ubiquitination, it requires its own, specific set of enzymes. The consequences of SUMOylation are widely variable, depending on the physiological state of the cell and the attached SUMO isoform. Accumulating recent findings have revealed a prominent role of SUMOylation in molecular pathways that govern senescence and ageing. Here, we review the link between SUMO attachment events and cellular processes that influence senescence and ageing, including promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear body and telomere function, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and growth factor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Princz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece.
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