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Sempere Moreno E, Ibáñez Barceló S, Montero Alonso M. Laboral cranio-facial cellulitis with perichondritis and external otitis, a case report. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 42:334-335. [PMID: 38697868 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Sempere Moreno
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Santos Ibáñez Barceló
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Montero Alonso
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Carrizo AE, Del Valle Loto F, Baigorí MD, Pera LM. Bacillus thuringiensis-Based Bioproduct: Characterization and Performance Against Spodoptera frugiperda Strains in Maize Under Different Environmental Temperatures. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:283-291. [PMID: 35731370 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest in several regions being the use of Bacillus thuringiensis-based bioproducts an alternative for its control. Firstly, 3 L of an aqueous bioproduct suspension was produced and characterized. Its 50% lethal concentration against molecularly identified corn and rice S. frugiperda strains using an artificial diet were 77.01% (95% CL, 68.16-90.47) and 2.22% (95% CL, 0.01-6.68), respectively. The next objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of this bioproduct in maize against S. frugiperda strains under different simulated agrological regions mimicking their corresponding periodic day/night temperatures. Thus, the impact of environmental temperature on the bioproduct efficacy (E) was studied. It was observed that a warmer scenario (35 °C day/30 °C night) could favor the tolerance of corn S. frugiperda strain to the bioproduct (E = 56.36 ± 0.61%) maintaining a high efficacy (92.44 ± 6.55%) when it was tested against rice S. frugiperda strain. Conversely, under temperate conditions, efficacy values ranged from 84 to 95% for both S. frugiperda strains. On the other hand, based on a foliar feeding damage analysis, our bioproduct displayed a significant foliar protection in maize plants infested with either corn or rice S. frugiperda strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Emanuel Carrizo
- Morphogenesis and Fermentation Lab, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Flavia Del Valle Loto
- Morphogenesis and Fermentation Lab, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario Domingo Baigorí
- Morphogenesis and Fermentation Lab, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Cátedra de Microbiología Superior, Univ Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Licia María Pera
- Morphogenesis and Fermentation Lab, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Harirchi S, Sar T, Ramezani M, Aliyu H, Etemadifar Z, Nojoumi SA, Yazdian F, Awasthi MK, Taherzadeh MJ. Bacillales: From Taxonomy to Biotechnological and Industrial Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2355. [PMID: 36557608 PMCID: PMC9781867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the genus Bacillus has been known and considered among the most applicable genera in several fields. Recent taxonomical developments resulted in the identification of more species in Bacillus-related genera, particularly in the order Bacillales (earlier heterotypic synonym: Caryophanales), with potential application for biotechnological and industrial purposes such as biofuels, bioactive agents, biopolymers, and enzymes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the taxonomy, growth requirements and physiology, genomics, and metabolic pathways in the highly diverse bacterial order, Bacillales, will facilitate a more robust designing and sustainable production of strain lines relevant to a circular economy. This paper is focused principally on less-known genera and their potential in the order Bacillales for promising applications in the industry and addresses the taxonomical complexities of this order. Moreover, it emphasizes the biotechnological usage of some engineered strains of the order Bacillales. The elucidation of novel taxa, their metabolic pathways, and growth conditions would make it possible to drive industrial processes toward an upgraded functionality based on the microbial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibu Aliyu
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zahra Etemadifar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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Lázaro-Berenguer M, Paredes-Martínez F, Bel Y, Núñez-Ramírez R, Arias-Palomo E, Casino P, Ferré J. Structural and functional role of Domain I for the insecticidal activity of the Vip3Aa protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2607-2618. [PMID: 35830334 PMCID: PMC9518980 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vip3 proteins are produced by Bacillus thuringiensis and are toxic against lepidopterans, reason why the vip3Aa gene has been introduced into cotton and corn to control agricultural pests. Recently, the structure of Vip3 proteins has been determined and consists of a tetramer where each monomer is composed of five structural domains. The transition from protoxin to the trypsin‐activated form involves a major conformational change of the N‐terminal Domain I, which is remodelled into a tetrameric coiled‐coil structure that is thought to insert into the apical membrane of the midgut cells. To better understand the relevance of this major change in Domain I for the insecticidal activity, we have generated several mutants aimed to alter the activity and remodelling capacity of this central region to understand its function. These mutants have been characterized by proteolytic processing, negative staining electron microscopy, and toxicity bioassays against Spodoptera exigua. The results show the crucial role of helix α1 for the insecticidal activity and in restraining the Domain I in the protoxin conformation, the importance of the remodelling of helices α2 and α3, the proteolytic processing that takes place between Domains I and II, and the role of the C‐t Domains IV and V to sustain the conformational change necessary for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lázaro-Berenguer
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Francisco Paredes-Martínez
- Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Casino
- Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ferré
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Park SC, Kim JY, Lee JK, Lim HS, Son H, Yoo SH, Mun SE, Jang MK, Lee JR. Antifungal Mechanism of Vip3Aa, a Vegetative Insecticidal Protein, against Pathogenic Fungal Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121558. [PMID: 34943770 PMCID: PMC8698955 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new antifungal agents is difficult, since, unlike bacteria, mammalian and fungal cells are both eukaryotes. An efficient strategy is to consider new antimicrobial proteins that have variety of action mechanisms. In this study, a cDNA encoding Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa protein, a vegetative insecticidal protein, was obtained at the vegetative growth stage; its antifungal activity and mechanism were evaluated using a bacterially expressed recombinant Vip3Aa protein. The Vip3Aa protein demonstrated various concentration- and time-dependent antifungal activities, with inhibitory concentrations against yeast and filamentous fungi ranging from 62.5 to 125 µg/mL and 250 to 500 µg/mL, respectively. The uptake of propidium iodide and cellular distributions of rhodamine-labeled Vip3Aa into fungal cells indicate that its growth inhibition mechanism involves its penetration within cells and subsequent intracellular damage. Furthermore, we discovered that the death of Candida albicans cells was caused by the induction of apoptosis via the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and binding to nucleic acids. The presence of significantly enlarged Vip3Aa-treated fungal cells indicates that this protein causes intracellular damage. Our findings suggest that Vip3Aa protein has potential applications in the development of natural antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Jong-Kook Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hye Song Lim
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Hyosuk Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 101-75 Jangsan-ro, Janghang-eup, Seocheon-gun 33662, Korea
| | - Su-Hyang Yoo
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
| | - Seong-Eun Mun
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.-C.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-K.L.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- LMO Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, 1210 Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun 33657, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.-K.J.); (J.R.L.); Tel.: +82-62-750-3567 (M.-K.J.); +82-41-950-5820 (J.R.L.)
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Barajas-Vargas AY, Ignacio-De la Cruz JL, Márquez-Benavides L, Hernández-Mendoza JL, Sánchez-Yáñez JM. Crecimiento de Triticum aestivum con Azotobacter vinelandii y Bacillus subtilis endófitas de Zea mays var mexicana (teocintle) a dosis restringida de fertilizante nitrogenado. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2021.120200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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7
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Gupta M, Kumar H, Kaur S. Vegetative Insecticidal Protein (Vip): A Potential Contender From Bacillus thuringiensis for Efficient Management of Various Detrimental Agricultural Pests. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659736. [PMID: 34054756 PMCID: PMC8158940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium is found in various ecological habitats, and has natural entomo-pesticidal properties, due to the production of crystalline and soluble proteins during different growth phases. In addition to Cry and Cyt proteins, this bacterium also produces Vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) during its vegetative growth phase, which is considered an excellent toxic candidate because of the difference in sequence homology and receptor sites from Cry proteins. Vip proteins are referred as second-generation insecticidal proteins, which can be used either alone or in complementarity with Cry proteins for the management of various detrimental pests. Among these Vip proteins, Vip1 and Vip2 act as binary toxins and have toxicity toward pests belonging to Hemiptera and Coleoptera orders, whereas the most important Vip3 proteins have insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. These Vip3 proteins are similar to Cry proteins in terms of toxicity potential against susceptible insects. They are reported to be toxic toward pests, which can’t be controlled with Cry proteins. The Vip3 proteins have been successfully pyramided along with Cry proteins in transgenic rice, corn, and cotton to combat resistant pest populations. This review provides detailed information about the history and importance of Vip proteins, their types, structure, newly identified specific receptors, and action mechanism of this specific class of proteins. Various studies conducted on Vip proteins all over the world and the current status have been discussed. This review will give insights into the significance of Vip proteins as alternative promising candidate toxic proteins from Bt for the management of pests in most sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Gupta
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Faridkot, India
| | - Sarvjeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Boonyos P, Trakulnalueamsai C, Rungrod A, Chongthammakun S, Promdonkoy B. Antagonistic Effect of Truncated Fragments of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa on the Larvicidal Activity of its Full-length Protein. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:131-139. [PMID: 32586243 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200625205846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vip3Aa is a vegetative insecticidal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. The protein is produced as an 88-kDa protoxin that could be processed by insect gut proteases into a 22-kDa N-terminal and a 66-kDa C-terminal fragments. The C-terminal part could bind to a specific receptor while the N-terminal part is required for toxicity and structural stability. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the antagonistic effect of truncated fragments on the insecticidal activity of the full-length Vip3Aa. METHODS The full-length protein (Vip3Aa), a 66-kDa C-terminal fragment (Vip3Aa-D199) and a predicted carbohydrate binding module (CBM) were produced in Escherichia coli. Purified proteins were mixed at different ratios and fed to Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua larvae. Mortality was recorded and compared between larvae fed with individual toxin and mixtures of the full-length and truncated toxins. RESULTS Production level of the Vip3Aa-D199 was significantly decreased comparing to that of the full-length protein. Vip3Aa-D199 and CBM fragment were not toxic to insect larvae whereas Vip3Aa showed high toxicity with LC50 about 200 ng/cm2. Feeding the larvae with mixtures of the Vip3Aa and Vip3Aa-D199 at different ratios revealed antagonistic effect of the Vip3Aa-D199 on the toxicity of Vip3Aa. Results showed that the lethal time (LT 50 and LT 95) of larvae fed the mixture toxins was longer than those fed the Vip3Aa alone. In addition, a CBM fragment could inhibit toxicity of the full-length Vip3Aa. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the Vip3Aa-D199 and a CBM fragment could complete for the membrane binding thus rendering activity of the full-length Vip3Aa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharaporn Boonyos
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutchanun Trakulnalueamsai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Amporn Rungrod
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sukumal Chongthammakun
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonhiang Promdonkoy
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Chakrabarty S, Jin M, Wu C, Chakraborty P, Xiao Y. Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein family Vip3A and mode of action against pest Lepidoptera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1612-1617. [PMID: 32103608 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vip3A proteins are widely used for controlling pest Lepidoptera. Different binding sites with different receptors in the insect midgut membrane and lack of cross-resistance with crystal (Cry) proteins enhance their applicability, as both single proteins and proteins pyramided with Cry proteins in transgenic Bt crops. Vip3A proteins are effective but there is relatively little information about their structure, function, activation, specificity, and mode of action. In addition, the mechanism of insect resistance to these proteins is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that Vip3A proteins are genetically distant from Cry proteins. The mode of action and insecticidal activity of Vip3A proteins are discussed in this review. This review also provides detailed information about the Vip3A protein family that may aid in the design of more efficient pest management strategies in response to insect resistance to insecticidal proteins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Chakrabarty
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Jin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Panchali Chakraborty
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites as Pesticides in Agricultural Pest Management. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Quan Y, Ferré J. Structural Domains of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Af Protein Unraveled by Tryptic Digestion of Alanine Mutants. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060368. [PMID: 31234444 PMCID: PMC6628424 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vip3 proteins are increasingly used in insect control in transgenic crops. To shed light on the structure of these proteins, we used the approach of the trypsin fragmentation of mutants altering the conformation of the Vip3Af protein. From an alanine scanning of Vip3Af, we selected mutants with an altered proteolytic pattern. Based on protease digestion patterns, their effect on oligomer formation, and theoretical cleavage sites, we generated a map of the Vip3Af protein with five domains which match some of the domains proposed independently by two in silico models. Domain I ranges amino acids (aa) 12–198, domain II aa199–313, domain III aa314–526, domain IV aa527–668, and domain V aa669–788. The effect of some mutations on the ability to form a tetrameric molecule revealed that domains I–II are required for tetramerization, while domain V is not. The involvement of domain IV in the tetramer formation is not clear. Some mutations distributed from near the end of domain I up to the end of domain II affect the stability of the first three domains of the protein and destroy the tetrameric form upon trypsin treatment. Because of the high sequence similarity among Vip3 proteins, we propose that our domain map can be extended to the Vip3 family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Quan
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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12
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Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites as Pesticides in Agricultural Pest Management. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_44-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chi B, Li H, Zhang J, Wei P, Gao J, Liu R. In Silico Structure-Based Identification and Validation of Key Residues of Vip3Aa Involving in Lepidopteran Brush Border Receptor Binding. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1448-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Banyuls N, Hernández-Rodríguez CS, Van Rie J, Ferré J. Critical amino acids for the insecticidal activity of Vip3Af from Bacillus thuringiensis: Inference on structural aspects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7539. [PMID: 29765057 PMCID: PMC5953952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vip3 vegetative insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are an important tool for crop protection against caterpillar pests in IPM strategies. While there is wide consensus on their general mode of action, the details of their mode of action are not completely elucidated and their structure remains unknown. In this work the alanine scanning technique was performed on 558 out of the total of 788 amino acids of the Vip3Af1 protein. From the 558 residue substitutions, 19 impaired protein expression and other 19 substitutions severely compromised the insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The latter 19 substitutions mainly clustered in two regions of the protein sequence (amino acids 167-272 and amino acids 689-741). Most of these substitutions also decreased the activity to Agrotis segetum. The characterisation of the sensitivity to proteases of the mutant proteins displaying decreased insecticidal activity revealed 6 different band patterns as evaluated by SDS-PAGE. The study of the intrinsic fluorescence of most selected mutants revealed only slight shifts in the emission peak, likely indicating only minor changes in the tertiary structure. An in silico modelled 3D structure of Vip3Af1 is proposed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Banyuls
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - C S Hernández-Rodríguez
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J Van Rie
- Bayer CropScience N.V., Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Ferré
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Departamento de Genética, Universitat de València, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Silva LM, Silva MC, Silva SMFA, Alves RC, Siqueira HAA, Marques EJ. Toxin Gene Contents and Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Against Two Sugarcane Borer Species, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) and D. flavipennella (Box). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:292-301. [PMID: 28866859 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) bears essential characteristics in the control of insect pests, such as its unique mode of action, which confers specificity and selectivity. This study assessed cry gene contents from Bt strains and their entomotoxicity against Diatraea saccharalis (F.) and Diatraea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Bioassays with Bt strains were performed against neonates to evaluate their lethal and sublethal activities and were further analyzed by PCR, using primers to identify toxin genes. For D. saccharalis and D. flavipennella, 16 and 18 strains showed over 30% larval mortality in the 7th day, respectively. The LC50 values of strains for D. saccharalis varied from 0.08 × 105 (LIIT-0105) to 4104 × 105 (LIIT-2707) spores + crystals mL-1. For D. flavipennella, the LC50 values of strains varied from 0.40 × 105 (LIIT-2707) to 542 × 105 (LIIT-2109) spores + crystals mL-1. For the LIIT-0105 strain, which was the most toxic to D. saccharalis, the genes cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry1F, cry1I, cry2Aa, cry2Ab, cry8, and cry9C were detected, whereas for the strain LIIT-2707, which was the most toxic to D. flavipennella, detected genes were cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1D, cry1F, cry1I, cry2Aa, cry2Ab, and cry9. The toxicity data and toxin gene content in these strains of Bt suggest a great variability of activity with potential to be used in the development of novel biopesticides or as source of resistance genes that can be expressed in plants to control pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Silva
- Depto de Agronomia, PPGEA, Fitossanidade, Entomologia Agrícola, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil.
| | - M C Silva
- Depto de Química e Biologia, Univ Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - S M F A Silva
- Depto de Agronomia, PPGEA, Fitossanidade, Entomologia Agrícola, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - R C Alves
- Depto de Agronomia, PPGEA, Fitossanidade, Entomologia Agrícola, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - H A A Siqueira
- Depto de Agronomia, PPGEA, Fitossanidade, Entomologia Agrícola, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
| | - E J Marques
- Depto de Agronomia, PPGEA, Fitossanidade, Entomologia Agrícola, Univ Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brasil
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Bel Y, Banyuls N, Chakroun M, Escriche B, Ferré J. Insights into the Structure of the Vip3Aa Insecticidal Protein by Protease Digestion Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040131. [PMID: 28387713 PMCID: PMC5408205 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vip3 proteins are secretable proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis whose mode of action is still poorly understood. In this study, the activation process for Vip3 proteins was closely examined in order to better understand the Vip3Aa protein stability and to shed light on its structure. The Vip3Aa protoxin (of 89 kDa) was treated with trypsin at concentrations from 1:100 to 120:100 (trypsin:Vip3A, w:w). If the action of trypsin was not properly neutralized, the results of SDS-PAGE analysis (as well as those with Agrotis ipsilon midgut juice) equivocally indicated that the protoxin could be completely processed. However, when the proteolytic reaction was efficiently stopped, it was revealed that the protoxin was only cleaved at a primary cleavage site, regardless of the amount of trypsin used. The 66 kDa and the 19 kDa peptides generated by the proteases co-eluted after gel filtration chromatography, indicating that they remain together after cleavage. The 66 kDa fragment was found to be extremely resistant to proteases. The trypsin treatment of the protoxin in the presence of SDS revealed the presence of secondary cleavage sites at S-509, and presumably at T-466 and V-372, rendering C-terminal fragments of approximately 29, 32, and 42 kDa, respectively. The fact that the predicted secondary structure of the Vip3Aa protein shows a cluster of beta sheets in the C-terminal region of the protein might be the reason behind the higher stability to proteases compared to the rest of the protein, which is mainly composed of alpha helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Bel
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Núria Banyuls
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maissa Chakroun
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
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Boukedi H, Ben Khedher S, Hadhri R, Jaoua S, Tounsi S, Abdelkefi-Mesrati L. Vegetative insecticidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis BLB459 and its efficiency against Lepidoptera. Toxicon 2017; 129:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Liu M, Liu R, Luo G, Li H, Gao J. Effects of Site-Mutations Within the 22 kDa No-Core Fragment of the Vip3Aa11 Insecticidal Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:655-659. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pradhan S, Chakraborty A, Sikdar N, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya J, Mitra J, Manna A, Dutta Gupta S, Sen SK. Marker-free transgenic rice expressing the vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) of Bacillus thuringiensis shows broad insecticidal properties. PLANTA 2016; 244:789-804. [PMID: 27165311 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered rice lines with broad insecticidal properties against major lepidopteran pests were generated using a synthetic, truncated form of vegetative insecticidal protein (Syn vip3BR) from Bacillus thuringiensis. The selectable marker gene and the redundant transgene(s) were eliminated through Cre/ lox mediated recombination and genetic segregation to make consumer friendly Bt -rice. For sustainable resistance against lepidopteran insect pests, chloroplast targeted synthetic version of bioactive core component of a vegetative insecticidal protein (Syn vip3BR) of Bacillus thuringiensis was expressed in rice under the control of green-tissue specific ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene promoter. The transgenic plants (in Oryza sativa indica Swarna cultivar) showed high insect mortality rate in vitro against major rice pests, yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and rice horn caterpillar (Melanitis leda ismene) in T1 generation, indicating insecticidal potency of Syn vip3BR. Under field conditions, the T1 plants showed considerable resistance against leaf folders and stem borers. The expression cassette (vip-lox-hpt-lox) as well as another vector with chimeric cre recombinase gene under constitutive rice ubiquitin1 gene promoter was designed for the elimination of selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) gene. Crossing experiments were performed between T1 plants with single insertion site of vip-lox-hpt-lox T-DNA and one T1 plant with moderate expression of cre recombinase with linked bialaphos resistance (syn bar) gene. Marker gene excision was achieved in hybrids with up to 41.18 % recombination efficiency. Insect resistant transgenic lines, devoid of selectable marker and redundant transgene(s) (hptII + cre-syn bar), were established in subsequent generation through genetic segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pradhan
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Narattam Sikdar
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Jagannath Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Joy Mitra
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Anulina Manna
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Snehasish Dutta Gupta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Soumitra Kumar Sen
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Chakroun M, Banyuls N, Bel Y, Escriche B, Ferré J. Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:329-350. [PMID: 26935135 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00060-15.address] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria produce insecticidal proteins that accumulate in inclusion bodies or parasporal crystals (such as the Cry and Cyt proteins) as well as insecticidal proteins that are secreted into the culture medium. Among the latter are the Vip proteins, which are divided into four families according to their amino acid identity. The Vip1 and Vip2 proteins act as binary toxins and are toxic to some members of the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. The Vip1 component is thought to bind to receptors in the membrane of the insect midgut, and the Vip2 component enters the cell, where it displays its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity against actin, preventing microfilament formation. Vip3 has no sequence similarity to Vip1 or Vip2 and is toxic to a wide variety of members of the Lepidoptera. Its mode of action has been shown to resemble that of the Cry proteins in terms of proteolytic activation, binding to the midgut epithelial membrane, and pore formation, although Vip3A proteins do not share binding sites with Cry proteins. The latter property makes them good candidates to be combined with Cry proteins in transgenic plants (Bacillus thuringiensis-treated crops [Bt crops]) to prevent or delay insect resistance and to broaden the insecticidal spectrum. There are commercially grown varieties of Bt cotton and Bt maize that express the Vip3Aa protein in combination with Cry proteins. For the most recently reported Vip4 family, no target insects have been found yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maissa Chakroun
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed),Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Núria Banyuls
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed),Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yolanda Bel
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed),Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed),Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (Biotecmed),Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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21
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Bacterial Vegetative Insecticidal Proteins (Vip) from Entomopathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:329-50. [PMID: 26935135 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00060-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria produce insecticidal proteins that accumulate in inclusion bodies or parasporal crystals (such as the Cry and Cyt proteins) as well as insecticidal proteins that are secreted into the culture medium. Among the latter are the Vip proteins, which are divided into four families according to their amino acid identity. The Vip1 and Vip2 proteins act as binary toxins and are toxic to some members of the Coleoptera and Hemiptera. The Vip1 component is thought to bind to receptors in the membrane of the insect midgut, and the Vip2 component enters the cell, where it displays its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity against actin, preventing microfilament formation. Vip3 has no sequence similarity to Vip1 or Vip2 and is toxic to a wide variety of members of the Lepidoptera. Its mode of action has been shown to resemble that of the Cry proteins in terms of proteolytic activation, binding to the midgut epithelial membrane, and pore formation, although Vip3A proteins do not share binding sites with Cry proteins. The latter property makes them good candidates to be combined with Cry proteins in transgenic plants (Bacillus thuringiensis-treated crops [Bt crops]) to prevent or delay insect resistance and to broaden the insecticidal spectrum. There are commercially grown varieties of Bt cotton and Bt maize that express the Vip3Aa protein in combination with Cry proteins. For the most recently reported Vip4 family, no target insects have been found yet.
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22
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Sellami S, Cherif M, Jamoussi K. Effect of adding amino acids residues in N- and C-terminus of Vip3Aa16 (L121I) toxin. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:654-61. [PMID: 26876111 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To study the importance of N- and C-terminus of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa16 (L121I) toxin (88 kDa), a number of mutants were generated. The addition of two (2R: RS) or eleven (11R: RSRPGHHHHHH) amino acid residues at the Vip3Aa16 (L121I) C-terminus allowed to an unappropriated folding illustrated by the abundant presence of the 62 kDa proteolytic form. The produced Vip3Aa16 (L121I) full length form was less detected when increasing the number of amino acids residues in the C-terminus. Bioassays demonstrated that the growth of the lepidopteran Ephestia kuehniella was slightly affected by Vip3Aa16 (L121I)-2R and not affected by Vip3Aa16 (L121I)-11R. Additionally, the fusion at the Vip3Aa16 (L121I) N-terminus of 39 amino acids harboring the E. coli OmpA leader peptide and the His-tag sequence allowed to the increase of protease sensitivity of Vip3Aa16 (L121I) full length form, as only the 62 kDa proteolysis form was detected. Remarkably, this fused protein produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) was biologically inactive toward Ephestia kuehniella larvae. Thus, the N-terminus of the protein is required to the accomplishment of the insecticidal activity of Vip3 proteins. This report serves as guideline for the study of Vip3Aa16 (L121I) protein stability and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Sellami
- Biopesticides Team LPAP, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Cherif
- Biopesticides Team LPAP, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kaïs Jamoussi
- Biopesticides Team LPAP, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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23
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Salama H, Abd El-Ghany N, Saker M. Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from Egyptian soils as shown by molecular characterization. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:101-109. [PMID: 30647573 PMCID: PMC6299873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different techniques were adopted for molecular characterization of several indigenous strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) previously isolated from Egyptian soil samples. These isolates show different toxicity levels against neonate larvae of both insect species; Spodoptera littoralis (Biosduval); and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The parasporal crystals among the most potent isolates contained polypeptides of about 127 and 130 kDa. PCR screening for genes encoding different Cry genes was performed. The Cry 1 gene is the most abundant in these isolates (83.33%) among tested Cry-type genes, followed by Cry 1 gene subfamilies (Cry 1B and Cry 1C) with percentage of 38.88% and 77.77%, respectively. The tested isolates showed the presence of Cry 2A(a,b) gene, but not all of these isolates were positive for Cry 2 gene (55.55%). Only 27.77% and 16.66% of the tested isolates harbor Cry 4 and Cry 3 genes, respectively. All strains were negative in PCR assays for the Vip 3Aa1 gene. Moreover, DNA fingerprinting using RAPD-PCR was performed to detect the genetic similarities and dissimilarities among the different isolates and standard strains. Assessment of Bt diversity based on the combined analysis of their protein and RAPD-PCR banding patterns was performed. This study demonstrates that Bt strains isolated from Egyptian soil samples can be distinguished and identified on the basis of the distribution of Cry-type genes and RAPD fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Salama
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural & Biological Research Div., National Research Center, El-Behous St., Dokki, Giza PC:12622, Egypt
| | - N.M. Abd El-Ghany
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection, Agricultural & Biological Research Div., National Research Center, El-Behous St., Dokki, Giza PC:12622, Egypt
| | - M.M. Saker
- Dept. of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Div., National Research Center, El-Behous St., Dokki, Giza PC:12622, Egypt
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24
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Silva MC, Siqueira HAA, Silva LM, Marques EJ, Barros R. Cry Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Active against Diamondback Moth and Fall Armyworm. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:392-401. [PMID: 26070631 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biopesticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis and genetically modified plants with genes from this bacterium have been used to control Plutella xylostella (L.) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). However, the selection pressure imposed by these technologies may undermine the efficiency of this important alternative to synthetic insecticides. Toxins with different modes of action allow a satisfactory control of these insects. The purpose of this study was to characterize the protein and gene contents of 20 B. thuringiensis isolates from soil and insect samples collected in several areas of Northeast Brazil which are active against P. xylostella and S. frugiperda. Protein profiles were obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine toxin genes present within bacterial isolates. The protein profile of the majority of the isolates produced bands of approximately 130 kDa, suggesting the presence of Cry1, Cry8 and Cry9 proteins. The gene content of the isolates of B. thuringiensis investigated showed different gene profiles. Isolates LIIT-4306 and LIIT-4311 were the most actives against both species, with LC50 of 0.03 and 0.02 × 10(8) spores mL(-1), respectively, for P. xylostella, and LC50 of 0.001 × 10(8) spores mL(-1) for S. frugiperda. These isolates carried the cry1, cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry1F, cry2, cry2A, cry8, and cry9C genes. The obtained gene profiles showed great potential for the control of P. xylostella and S. frugiperda, primarily because of the presence of several cry1A genes, which are found in isolates of B. thuringiensis active against these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Silva
- Depto de Química e Biologia, Univ Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, MA, Brasil,
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25
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Baranek J, Kaznowski A, Konecka E, Naimov S. Activity of vegetative insecticidal proteins Vip3Aa58 and Vip3Aa59 of Bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran pests. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 130:72-81. [PMID: 26146224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) secreted by some isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis show activity against insects and are regarded as insecticides against pests. A number of B. thuringiensis strains harbouring vip3A genes were isolated from different sources and identified by using a PCR based approach. The isolates with the highest insecticidal activity were indicated in screening tests, and their vip genes were cloned and sequenced. The analysis revealed two polymorphic Vip protein forms, which were classified as Vip3Aa58 and Vip3Aa59. After expression of the vip genes, the proteins were isolated and characterized. The activity of both toxins was estimated against economically important lepidopteran pests of woodlands (Dendrolimus pini), orchards (Cydia pomonella) and field crops (Spodoptera exigua). Vip3Aa58 and Vip3Aa59 were highly toxic and their potency surpassed those of many Cry proteins used in commercial bioinsecticides. Vip3Aa59 revealed similar larvicidal activity as Vip3Aa58 against S. exigua and C. pomonella. Despite 98% similarity of amino acid sequences of both proteins, Vip3Aa59 was significantly more active against D. pini. Additionally the effect of proteolytic activation of Vip58Aa and Vip3Aa59 on toxicity of D. pini and S. exigua was studied. Both Vip3Aa proteins did not show any activity against Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) larvae. The results suggest that the Vip3Aa58 and Vip3Aa59 toxins might be useful for controlling populations of insect pests of crops and forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Baranek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kaznowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Edyta Konecka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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26
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Gayen S, Samanta MK, Hossain MA, Mandal CC, Sen SK. A deletion mutant ndv200 of the Bacillus thuringiensis vip3BR insecticidal toxin gene is a prospective candidate for the next generation of genetically modified crop plants resistant to lepidopteran insect damage. PLANTA 2015; 242:269-81. [PMID: 25912191 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of a deletion mutant ( ndv200 ) of Bacillus thuringiensis vip3BR gene in tobacco plant provided almost complete protection against major crop pests cotton boll worm ( Helicoverpa armigera ), black cut worm ( Agrotis ipsilon ) and cotton leaf worm ( Spodoptera littoralis ). Whereas vip3BR transgenic tobacco plant failed to protect themselves from these insects and showed resistance towards cotton leaf worm only. An analogous form of the Bacillus thuringiensis vip3Aa insecticidal toxin gene, named vip3BR, was identified and characterized, and exhibited similar attributes to the well-known Vip3Aa toxin. Vip3BR possessed broad-spectrum lepidopteran-specific insecticidal properties effective against most major crop pests of the Indian subcontinent. A Vip3BR toxin protein N-terminal deletion mutant, Ndv200, showed increased insecticidal potency relative to the native toxin, which conferred efficacy against four major crop pests, including cotton boll worm (Helicoverpa armigera), black cut worm (Agrotis ipsilon), cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis), and rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas). Ligand blot analysis indicated the Ndv200 toxin recognized the same larval midgut receptors as the native Vip3BR toxin, but differed from receptors recognized by Cry1A toxins. In the present study, we tested the prospect of the vip3BR and ndv200 toxin gene as candidate in development of insect-resistant genetically engineered crop plants by generating transgenic tobacco plant. The study revealed that the ndv200 mutant of vip3BR insecticidal toxin gene is a strong and prospective candidate for the next generation of genetically modified crop plants resistant to lepidopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimonta Gayen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA,
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27
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Caccia S, Chakroun M, Vinokurov K, Ferré J. Proteolytic processing of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A proteins by two Spodoptera species. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 67:76-84. [PMID: 24979528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vip3 proteins have been described to be secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative growth phase and to display a broad insecticidal spectrum against lepidopteran larvae. Vip3Aa protoxin has been reported to be significantly more toxic to Spodoptera frugiperda than to Spodoptera exigua and differences in the midgut processing have been proposed to be responsible. In contrast, we have found that Vip3Ae is essentially equally toxic against these two species. Proteolysis experiments were performed to study the stability of Vip3A proteins to peptidase digestion and to see whether the differences found could explain differences in toxicity against these two Spodoptera species. It was found that activation of the protoxin form and degradation of the 62kDa band took place at lower concentrations of trypsin when using Vip3Aa than when using Vip3Ae. The opposite effect was observed for chymotrypsin. Vip3Aa and Vip3Ae protoxins were effectively processed by midgut content extracts from the two Spodoptera species and the proteolytic activation did not produce a peptidase resistant core under these in vitro conditions. Digestion experiments performed with S. frugiperda chromatography-purified digestive serine peptidases showed that the degradation of the Vip3A toxins active core is mainly due to the action of cationic chymotrypsin-like peptidase. Although the digestion patterns of Vip3A proteins do not always correlate with toxicity, the peptidase stability of the 62kDa core is in agreement with intraspecific differences of toxicity of the Vip3Aa protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caccia
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maissa Chakroun
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Konstantin Vinokurov
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Ferré
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
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Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a New cry1Ab Gene from DOR Bt-1, an Indigenous Isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:795-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chakroun M, Bel Y, Caccia S, Abdelkefi-Mesrati L, Escriche B, Ferré J. Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda and S. exigua to Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa insecticidal protein. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:334-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Asokan R, Swamy HMM, Arora DK. Screening, diversity and partial sequence comparison of vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3A) genes in the local isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:365-70. [PMID: 22246044 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Characterization, direct sequencing of the PCR amplicon and phylogenetic relationship was done to discover a novel Vip protein genes of the Bt isolates, to improve the prospects for insect control, more Vip proteins should be sought out and researched to predict their insecticidal activity. Characterization was based on direct sequencing of PCR amplicon using primers specific to vip3A gene was presented here. 12 out of 18 isolates screened were positive for vip gene-specific primers. Homology search for the partial sequences using BLAST showed that 11 isolates had high similarity to vip3Aa gene and only one fragment with vip3Ae gene (25-100% at nucleotide and amino acid level). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene sequences were responsible for geographic separation for divergence within vip genes, consistent with the evaluation of distinct bacterial population. Despite the geographical distances, strains harbouring vip genes have originated from common ancestors may significantly contribute to control resistant insect pests. Some strains have evolved to be quite distinct and others remain as members of closely related groups. The reported method is a powerful tool to find novel Vip3A proteins from large-scale Bt strains which is effective in terms of time and cost. Further the Vip proteins produced by different strains of B. thuringiensis are unique in terms of the sequence divergence and hence may also differ in their insecticidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asokan
- Bio Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, Karnataka, India.
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31
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Co-expression and Synergism Analysis of Vip3Aa29 and Cyt2Aa3 Insecticidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. Curr Microbiol 2012; 64:326-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sauka DH, Rodriguez SE, Benintende GB. New Variants of Lepidoptericidal Toxin Genes Encoding Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa Proteins. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:373-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000345911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Heterologous Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein-Encoding Gene vip3LB in Photorhabdus temperata Strain K122 and Oral Toxicity against the Lepidoptera Ephestia kuehniella and Spodoptera littoralis. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 43:97-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Kalmykova G, Burtseva L, Milne R, van Frankenhuyzen K. Activity of spores and extracellular proteins from six Cry+strains and a Cry–strain ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstakiagainst the western spruce budworm,Choristoneura occidentalis(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:536-43. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized insecticidal activity of previously untested strains of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki belonging to two crystal serovars (K-1 and K-73) against the western spruce budworm ( Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman 1967). By testing various components, we demonstrated that spores play a critical role in the pathogenesis of each strain. Spore-free crystals caused low mortality and purified spores were generally not toxic. The addition of spores to purified protoxin increased toxicity several hundred-fold, regardless of the parental strain from which the spores or protoxins were derived. The crystal and spore components did not account for full insecticidal activity of whole sporulated cultures owing to the toxicity of soluble proteins that are secreted during cell growth. We observed a marked difference in toxicity of secreted proteins between the K-1 and K-73 type strains, with the K-1 preparations causing much higher mortality, mass reduction, and inhibition of pupation. There was a consistent correlation between relative toxicity of secreted protein preparations and the presence and quantity of the Vip3A protein, suggesting that this protein contributes to the virulence of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in western spruce budworm larvae. However, other virulence factors have to be invoked to explain the synergizing effect of spores from both K-1 and K-73 strains on Cry protein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Kalmykova
- Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 11 Frunze Str, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Ljudmila Burtseva
- Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 11 Frunze Str, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Ross Milne
- Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 11 Frunze Str, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Kees van Frankenhuyzen
- Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Division, 11 Frunze Str, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
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Hernández-Rodríguez CS, Boets A, Van Rie J, Ferré J. Screening and identification of vip genes in Bacillus thuringiensis strains. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:219-25. [PMID: 19302326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify known vip genes and to detect potentially novel vip genes in a collection of 507 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. METHODS AND RESULTS Following a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy, four restriction patterns were found within the vip1 family: vip1Aa1, vip1Ba1/vip1Ba2 and vip1Ca. In the screening of vip2 genes, patterns similar to those of vip2Aa1, vip2Ba1/vip2Ba2 and vip2Ac1 genes were observed. Patterns for vip3Aa1, vip3Ae2 and vip3Af1 were found among vip3 genes. Two new patterns revealed novel vip1 and vip3A genes. The observed frequency of genes belonging to vip1 and vip2 families was around 10%, whereas 48.9% of the strains showed amplification of vip3 genes. A tendency of vip and cry genes to occur together has been observed in this collection of B. thuringiensis strains. CONCLUSIONS Ten different patterns of vip genes belonging to the three vip families and two novel vip genes have been identified in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time that vip1 and vip2 genes have been identified by PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the results show that the strategy used in this study can lead to the classification of known vip genes as well as the identification of novel vip genes.
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Milne R, Liu Y, Gauthier D, Frankenhuyzen KV. Purification of Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 and its contribution to toxicity of HD-1 to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) (Lepidoptera). J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 99:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Beard CE, Court L, Boets A, Mourant R, Van Rie J, Akhurst RJ. Unusually high frequency of genes encoding vegetative insecticidal proteins in an Australian Bacillus thuringiensis collection. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:195-9. [PMID: 18592309 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of 188 Australian Bacillus thuringiensis strains screened for genes encoding soluble insecticidal proteins by polymerase chain reaction/restriction-length fragment polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, 87% showed the presence of such genes. Although 135 isolates (72%) produced an RFLP pattern identical to that expected for vip3A genes, 29 isolates possessed a novel vip-like gene. The novel vip-like gene was cloned from B. thuringiensis isolate C81, and sequence analysis demonstrated that it was 94% identical to the vip3Ba1 gene. The new gene was designated vip3Bb2. Cell-free supernatants from both the B. thuringiensis strain C81 and from Escherichia coli expressing the Vip3Bb2 protein were toxic for the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Beard
- Department of Entomology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton ACT, Australia
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38
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Liu J, Song F, Zhang J, Liu R, He K, Tan J, Huang D. Identification of vip3A-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a novel vip3A-type gene. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:432-8. [PMID: 17868317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To search for novel Vip3A proteins for controlling insect pests. METHODS AND RESULTS A pair of universal primers was designed based on the conserved regions of five vip3A genes. Amplified products were digested with the HindIII and EcoR enzymes so as to confirm different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns used to identify vip3A-type genes. The vip3A gene types of 606 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were screened and three patterns of RFLP were successfully identified. Two novel vip3A genes were found and one of these, vip3Aa19, was further characterized and its product was confirmed toxic to Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella larvae. Partial sequences of another novel vip3A-type gene were obtained that shared 83% homology with that of the vip3Af1 gene. CONCLUSIONS A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP system we developed could be used for identifying novel vip3A-genes from B. thuringiensis strains. A novel Vip3A protein was found to have a broader insecticidal spectrum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The reported method is a powerful tool to find novel Vip3A proteins from large-scale B. thuringiensis strains. The novel Vip3A protein may be used to control insect pests or resistant insect pests by constructing genetically engineered strains or transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
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Fang J, Xu X, Wang P, Zhao JZ, Shelton AM, Cheng J, Feng MG, Shen Z. Characterization of chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3 toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:956-61. [PMID: 17122403 PMCID: PMC1800787 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02079-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are potential alternatives for B. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. Screening a large number of B. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3Ac1. Vip3Ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm Bombyx mori. The host specificity of this Vip3 toxin was altered by sequence swapping with a previously identified toxin, Vip3Aa1. While both Vip3Aa1 and Vip3Ac1 showed no detectable toxicity against the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, the chimeric protein Vip3AcAa, consisting of the N-terminal region of Vip3Ac1 and the C-terminal region of Vip3Aa1, became insecticidal to the European corn borer. In addition, the chimeric Vip3AcAa had increased toxicity to the fall armyworm. Furthermore, both Vip3Ac1 and Vip3AcAa are highly insecticidal to a strain of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) that is highly resistant to the B. thuringiensis endotoxin Cry1Ac, thus experimentally showing for the first time the lack of cross-resistance between B. thuringiensis Cry1A proteins and Vip3A toxins. The results in this study demonstrated that vip3Ac1 and its chimeric vip3 genes can be excellent candidates for engineering a new generation of transgenic plants for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Yu H, Liu X, Dong X, Li C, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4949-52. [PMID: 16168648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye was determined against three pest species, Stephanitis pyri Fabriciusa, Aphis medicaginis Koch, and Myzus persicae Sulzer. R. esculentum full proteinous venom had different insecticidal activity against S. pyri Fabriciusa, A. medicaginis Koch, and M. persicae Sulzer. The 48 h LC50 values were 123.1, 581.6, and 716.3 microg/mL, respectively. Of the three pests, R. esculentum full proteinous venom had the most potent toxicity against S. pyri Fabriciusa, and the corrected mortality recorded at 48 h was 97.86%. So, S. pyri Fabriciusa could be a potential target pest of R. esculentum full proteinous venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Yu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Rang C, Gil P, Neisner N, Van Rie J, Frutos R. Novel Vip3-related protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:6276-81. [PMID: 16204549 PMCID: PMC1265940 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.10.6276-6281.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel vip3-related gene was identified in Bacillus thuringiensis. This novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kDa protein (801 amino acids). This novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with Vip3A proteins and is designated Vip3Ba1. Vip3Ba1 has several specific features. Differences between Vip3Ba1 and the Vip3A proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the C-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. The regions containing the two proteolytic processing sites, which are highly conserved among the Vip3A toxins, are markedly different in Vip3Ba1. The pattern DCCEE (Asp Cys Cys Glu Glu) is repeated four times between position 463 and 483 in Vip3Ba1, generating the sequence 463-DCCEEDCCEEDCCEEDCCEE-483. This sequence, which is rich in negatively charged amino acids, also contains 73% of the cysteines present in Vip3Ba1. This repeated sequence is not present in Vip3A proteins. The Vip3Ba1protein was produced in Escherichia coli and tested against Ostrinia nubilalis and Plutella xylostella, and it generated significant growth delays but had no larvicidal effect, indicating that its host range might be different than that of Vip3A proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rang
- Cirad, TA 30/D, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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