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Marcos-Fernández R, Blanco-Míguez A, Ruiz L, Margolles A, Ruas-Madiedo P, Sánchez B. Towards the isolation of more robust next generation probiotics: The first aerotolerant Bifidobacterium bifidum strain. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112481. [PMID: 36869494 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the first described aerotolerant Bifidobacterium bifidum strain, Bifidobacterium bifidum IPLA60003, which has the ability to form colonies on the surface of agar plates under aerobic conditions, a weird phenotype that to our knowledge has never been observed in B. bifidum. The strain IPLA60003 was generated after random UV mutagenesis from an intestinal isolate. It incorporates 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms that activate the expression of native oxidative-defense mechanisms such as the alkyl hydroxyperoxide reductase, the glycolytic pathway and several genes coding for enzymes involved in redox reactions. In the present work, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the aerotolerance phenotype of B. bifidum IPLA60003, which will open new strategies for the selection and inclusion of probiotic gut strains and next generation probiotics into functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Marcos-Fernández
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Aitor Blanco-Míguez
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes (MicroHealth) Group, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Robustness and Stability in Probiotic Bifidobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0008223. [PMID: 36802222 PMCID: PMC10057886 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00082-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Some probiotic bifidobacteria are highly robust and shelf-stable, whereas others are difficult to produce, due to their sensitivity to stressors. This limits their potential use as probiotics. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the variability in stress physiologies of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB-46, by applying a combination of classical physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling. The growth behavior, metabolite production, and global gene expression profiles differed considerably between the strains. BB-12 consistently showed higher expression levels of multiple stress-associated genes, compared to BB-46. This difference, besides higher cell surface hydrophobicity and a lower ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane of BB-12, should contribute to its higher robustness and stability. In BB-46, the expression of genes related to DNA repair and fatty acid biosynthesis was higher in the stationary than in the exponential phase, which was associated with enhanced stability of BB-46 cells harvested in the stationary phase. The results presented herein highlight important genomic and physiological features contributing to the stability and robustness of the studied Bifidobacterium strains. IMPORTANCE Probiotics are industrially and clinically important microorganisms. To exert their health-promoting effects, probiotic microorganisms must be administered at high counts, while maintaining their viability at the time of consumption. In addition, intestinal survival and bioactivity are important criteria for probiotics. Although bifidobacteria are among the most well-documented probiotics, the industrial-scale production and commercialization of some Bifidobacterium strains is challenged by their high sensitivity to environmental stressors encountered during manufacturing and storage. Through a comprehensive comparison of the metabolic and physiological characteristics of 2 Bifidobacterium strains, we identify key biological markers that can serve as indicators for robustness and stability in bifidobacteria.
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Journey of the Probiotic Bacteria: Survival of the Fittest. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010095. [PMID: 36677387 PMCID: PMC9861974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to bring a more general view of the technological and biological challenges regarding production and use of probiotic bacteria in promoting human health. After a brief description of the current concepts, the challenges for the production at an industrial level are presented from the physiology of the central metabolism to the ability to face the main forms of stress in the industrial process. Once produced, these cells are processed to be commercialized in suspension or dried forms or added to food matrices. At this stage, the maintenance of cell viability and vitality is of paramount for the quality of the product. Powder products requires the development of strategies that ensure the integrity of components and cellular functions that allow complete recovery of cells at the time of consumption. Finally, once consumed, probiotic cells must face a very powerful set of physicochemical mechanisms within the body, which include enzymes, antibacterial molecules and sudden changes in pH. Understanding the action of these agents and the induction of cellular tolerance mechanisms is fundamental for the selection of increasingly efficient strains in order to survive from production to colonization of the intestinal tract and to promote the desired health benefits.
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria naturally inhabit diverse environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Members of the genus are of considerable scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on health and, hence, their potential to be used as probiotics. By definition, probiotic cells need to be viable despite being exposed to several stressors in the course of their production, storage, and administration. Examples of common stressors encountered by probiotic bifidobacteria include oxygen, acid, and bile salts. As bifidobacteria are highly heterogenous in terms of their tolerance to these stressors, poor stability and/or robustness can hamper the industrial-scale production and commercialization of many strains. Therefore, interest in the stress physiology of bifidobacteria has intensified in recent decades, and many studies have been established to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their stability and robustness. By complementing traditional methodologies, omics technologies have opened new avenues for enhancing the understanding of the defense mechanisms of bifidobacteria against stress. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the current knowledge on the multilayered responses of bifidobacteria to stressors, including the most recent insights and hypotheses. We address the prevailing stressors that may affect the cell viability during production and use as probiotics. Besides phenotypic effects, molecular mechanisms that have been found to underlie the stress response are described. We further discuss strategies that can be applied to improve the stability of probiotic bifidobacteria and highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schöpping
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Abstract
Over the last decade, the genomes of several Bifidobacterium strains have been sequenced, delivering valuable insights into their genetic makeup. However, bifidobacterial genomes have not yet been systematically mined for genes associated with stress response functions and their regulation. In this work, a list of 76 genes related to stress response in bifidobacteria was compiled from previous studies. The prevalence of the genes was evaluated among the genome sequences of 171 Bifidobacterium strains. Although genes of the protein quality control and DNA repair systems appeared to be highly conserved, genome-wide in silico screening for consensus sequences of putative regulators suggested that the regulation of these systems differs among phylogenetic groups. Homologs of multiple oxidative stress-associated genes are shared across species, albeit at low sequence similarity. Bee isolates were confirmed to harbor unique genetic features linked to oxygen tolerance. Moreover, most studied Bifidobacterium adolescentis and all Bifidobacterium angulatum strains lacked a set of reactive oxygen species-detoxifying enzymes, which might explain their high sensitivity to oxygen. Furthermore, the presence of some putative transcriptional regulators of stress responses was found to vary across species and strains, indicating that different regulation strategies of stress-associated gene transcription contribute to the diverse stress tolerance. The presented stress response gene profiles of Bifidobacterium strains provide a valuable knowledge base for guiding future studies by enabling hypothesis generation and the identification of key genes for further analyses. IMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that naturally inhabit diverse ecological niches, including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. Strains of the genus Bifidobacterium are widely used as probiotics, since they have been associated with health benefits. In the course of their production and administration, probiotic bifidobacteria are exposed to several stressors that can challenge their survival. The stress tolerance of probiotic bifidobacteria is, therefore, an important selection criterion for their commercial application, since strains must maintain their viability to exert their beneficial health effects. As the ability to cope with stressors varies among Bifidobacterium strains, comprehensive understanding of the underlying stress physiology is required for enabling knowledge-driven strain selection and optimization of industrial-scale production processes.
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6
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Effect of culturing lactic acid bacteria with varying skim milk concentration on bacteria survival during heat treatment. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gaucher F, Kponouglo K, Rabah H, Bonnassie S, Ossemond J, Pottier S, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 Osmoadaptation Coupled to Acid-Adaptation Increases Its Viability During Freeze-Drying. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2324. [PMID: 31681198 PMCID: PMC6797830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium with documented effects on the gut microbiota and on inflammation. Its presence within the animal and human intestinal microbiota was correlated with immunomodulatory effects, mediated by both propionibacterial surface components and by secreted metabolites. It is widely implemented, both in the manufacture of fermented dairy products such as Swiss-type cheeses, and in the production of probiotic food complements, under the form of freeze-dried powders. The bottleneck of this drying process consists in the limited survival of bacteria during drying and storage. Protective pre-treatments have been applied to other bacteria and may, in a strain-dependent manner, confer enhanced resistance. However, very little information was yet published on P. freudenreichii adaptation to freeze-drying. In this report, an immunomodulatory strain of this probiotic bacterium was cultured under hyperosmotic constraint in order to trigger osmoadaptation. This adaptation was then combined with acid or thermal pre-treatment. Such combination led to accumulation of key stress proteins, of intracellular compatible solute glycine betaine, to modulation of the propionibacterial membrane composition, and to enhanced survival upon freeze-drying. This work opens new perspectives for efficient production of live and active probiotic propionibacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Houem Rabah
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Bba, Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sandrine Pottier
- CNRS, ISCR – UMR 6226, PRISM, BIOSIT – UMS 3480 Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gwénaël Jan
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
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Gaucher F, Bonnassie S, Rabah H, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Review: Adaptation of Beneficial Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria Improves Tolerance Toward Technological and Digestive Stresses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31068918 PMCID: PMC6491719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with beneficial bacteria, with a focus on lactobacilli, propionibacteria, and bifidobacteria. As being recognized as beneficial bacteria, they are consumed as probiotics in various food products. Some may also be used as starters in food fermentation. In either case, these bacteria may be exposed to various environmental stresses during industrial production steps, including drying and storage, and during the digestion process. In accordance with their adaptation to harsh environmental conditions, they possess adaptation mechanisms, which can be induced by pretreatments. Adaptive mechanisms include accumulation of compatible solutes and of energy storage compounds, which can be largely modulated by the culture conditions. They also include the regulation of energy production pathways, as well as the modulation of the cell envelop, i.e., membrane, cell wall, surface layers, and exopolysaccharides. They finally lead to the overexpression of molecular chaperones and of stress-responsive proteases. Triggering these adaptive mechanisms can improve the resistance of beneficial bacteria toward technological and digestive stresses. This opens new perspectives for the improvement of industrial processes efficiency with regard to the survival of beneficial bacteria. However, this bibliographical survey evidenced that adaptive responses are strain-dependent, so that growth and adaptation should be optimized case-by-case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Science de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Bba, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Romain Jeantet
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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9
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Fiocco D, Longo A, Arena MP, Russo P, Spano G, Capozzi V. How probiotics face food stress: They get by with a little help. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1552-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1580673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Longo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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10
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Zuo F, Yu R, Xiao M, Khaskheli GB, Sun X, Ma H, Ren F, Zhang B, Chen S. Transcriptomic analysis of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 in response to oxidative shock. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17085. [PMID: 30459453 PMCID: PMC6244367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum strain BBMN68 is sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen. A transcriptomic study was performed to identify candidate genes for B. longum BBMN68's response to oxygen treatment (3%, v/v). Expression of genes and pathways of B. longum BBMN68 involved in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid transport, protein turnover and chaperones increased, and that of carbohydrate metabolism, translation and biogenesis decreased to adapt to the oxidative stress. Notably, expression of two classes of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which are important for deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, was rapidly and persistently induced. First, the class Ib RNR NrdHIEF was immediately upregulated after 5 min oxygen exposure, followed by the class III RNR NrdDG, which was upregulated after 20 min of exposure. The upregulated expression of branched-chain amino acids and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis-related genes occurred in bifidobacteria in response to oxidative stress. These change toward to compensate for DNA and protein damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, oxidative stress resulted in improved B. longum BBMN68 cell hydrophobicity and autoaggregation. These results provide a rich resource for our understanding of the response mechanisms to oxidative stress in bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Zuo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Man Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gul Bahar Khaskheli
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China.
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11
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Anaerobic Probiotics: The Key Microbes for Human Health. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 156:397-431. [PMID: 26907552 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGIM) incorporate a large number of microbes from different species. Anaerobic bacteria are the dominant organisms in this microbial consortium and play a crucial role in human health. In addition to their functional role as the main source of many essential metabolites for human health, they are considered as biotherapeutic agents in the regulation of different human metabolites. They are also important in the prevention and in the treatment of different physical and mental diseases. Bifidobacteria are the dominant anaerobic bacteria in HGIM and are widely used in the development of probiotic products for infants, children and adults. To develop bifidobacteria-based bioproducts, therefore, it is necessary to develop a large-scale biomass production platform based on a good understanding of the ideal medium and bioprocessing parameters for their growth and viability. In addition, high cell viability should be maintained during downstream processing and storage of probiotic cell powder or the final formulated product. In this work we review the latest information about the biology, therapeutic activities, cultivation and industrial production of bifidobacteria.
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12
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Ruiz L, Hidalgo C, Blanco-Míguez A, Lourenço A, Sánchez B, Margolles A. Tackling probiotic and gut microbiota functionality through proteomics. J Proteomics 2016; 147:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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KiBeom L, KwanSoon P. Proteomic variation in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) isolates from different geographic regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2016.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Westermann C, Gleinser M, Corr SC, Riedel CU. A Critical Evaluation of Bifidobacterial Adhesion to the Host Tissue. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1220. [PMID: 27547201 PMCID: PMC4974247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that, despite a long history of research, have not shown any pathogenic potential whatsoever. By contrast, some bifidobacteria are associated with a number of health-related benefits for the host. The reported beneficial effects of bifidobacteria include competitive exclusion of pathogens, alleviation of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, and modulation of intestinal and systemic immune responses. Based on these effects, bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics by pharmaceutical and dairy industries. In order to exert a beneficial effect bifidobacteria have to, at least transiently, colonize the host in a sufficient population size. Besides other criteria such as resistance to manufacturing processes and intestinal transit, potential probiotic bacteria are tested for adhesion to the host structures including intestinal epithelial cells, mucus, and extracellular matrix components. In the present review article, we summarize the current knowledge on bifidobacterial structures that mediate adhesion to host tissue and compare these to similar structures of pathogenic bacteria. This reveals that most of the adhesive structures and mechanisms involved in adhesion of bifidobacteria to host tissue are similar or even identical to those employed by pathogens to cause disease. It is thus reasonable to assume that these structures and mechanisms are equally important for commensal or probiotic bacteria and play a similar role in the beneficial effects exerted by bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marita Gleinser
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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15
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Proteomic analysis of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 reveals novel tolerance biomarkers to bile acid-induced stress. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Overexpression of Small Heat Shock Protein Enhances Heat- and Salt-Stress Tolerance of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:8-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Espino E, Koskenniemi K, Mato-Rodriguez L, Nyman TA, Reunanen J, Koponen J, Öhman T, Siljamäki P, Alatossava T, Varmanen P, Savijoki K. Uncovering Surface-Exposed Antigens of Lactobacillus rhamnosus by Cell Shaving Proteomics and Two-Dimensional Immunoblotting. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1010-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Espino
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lourdes Mato-Rodriguez
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pia Siljamäki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Alatossava
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Veterinary Biosciences, and §Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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An H, Douillard FP, Wang G, Zhai Z, Yang J, Song S, Cui J, Ren F, Luo Y, Zhang B, Hao Y. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the bile stress response in a centenarian-originated probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2558-72. [PMID: 24965555 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and well known for their health-promoting effects. Tolerance to bile stress is crucial for bifidobacteria to survive in the colon and to exert their beneficial actions. In this work, RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis complemented with proteomic analysis was used to investigate the cellular response to bile in Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68. The transcript levels of 236 genes were significantly changed (≥ threefold, p < 0.001) and 44 proteins were differentially abundant (≥1.6-fold, p < 0.01) in B. longum BBMN68 when exposed to 0.75 g l(-1) ox-bile. The hemolysin-like protein and bile efflux systems were significantly over produced, which might prevent bile adsorption and exclude bile, respectively. The cell membrane composition was modified probably by an increase of cyclopropane fatty acid and a decrease of transmembrane proteins, resulting in a cell membrane more impermeable to bile salts. Our hypothesis was later confirmed by surface hydrophobicity assay. The transcription of genes related to xylose utilization and bifid shunt were up-regulated, which increased the production of ATP and reducing equivalents to cope with bile-induced damages in a xylan-rich colon environment. Bile salts signal the B. longum BBMN68 to gut entrance and enhance the expression of esterase and sortase associated with adhesion and colonization in intestinal tract, which was supported by a fivefold increased adhesion ability to HT-29 cells by BBMN68 upon bile exposure. Notably, bacterial one-hybrid and EMSA assay revealed that the two-component system senX3-regX3 controlled the expression of pstS in bifidobacteria and the role of this target gene in bile resistance was further verified by heterologous expression in Lactococcus lactis. Taken altogether, this study established a model for global response mechanisms in B. longum to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran An
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - François P Douillard
- §Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guohong Wang
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin Yang
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuhui Song
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianyun Cui
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- ¶Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
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Ruiz L, Margolles A, Sánchez B. Bile resistance mechanisms in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:396. [PMID: 24399996 PMCID: PMC3872040 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most of the probiotic bacteria currently available in the market belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and specific health-promoting activities, such as treatment of diarrhea or amelioration of gastrointestinal discomfort, have been attributed to them. In order to be able to survive the gastrointestinal transit and transiently colonize our gut, these bacteria must be able to counteract the deleterious action of bile salts, which are the main components of bile. Bile salts are detergent-like biological substances synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Host enzymes conjugate the newly synthesized free bile acids in the liver with the amino acids glycine or taurine, generating conjugated bile salts. These compounds are stored in the gall bladder and they are released into the duodenum during digestion to perform their physiological function, which is the solubilization of fat coming from diet. These bile salts possess strong antimicrobial activity, since they are able to disorganize the structure of the cell membrane, as well as trigger DNA damage. This means that bacteria inhabiting our intestinal tract must have intrinsic resistance mechanisms to cope with bile salts. To do that, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium display a variety of proteins devoted to the efflux of bile salts or protons, to modify sugar metabolism or to prevent protein misfolding. In this manuscript, we review and discuss specific bile resistance mechanisms, as well as the processes responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Laboratory of Probiotics and Prebiotics, Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Asturias, Spain
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Mozzetti V, Grattepanche F, Moine D, Berger B, Rezzonico E, Arigoni F, Lacroix C. Transcriptome analysis and physiology of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 cells under continuous culture conditions. Benef Microbes 2013; 3:261-72. [PMID: 23234728 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A central issue in the use of probiotics in food and food supplements is their sensitivity to many environmental stress factors. The resistance of probiotic cells to lethal stress can be improved by application of homologous or heterologous sub-lethal stress during culture. This screening procedure is generally performed using batch cultures. Continuous cultures could be a suitable and more efficient method to test different stress factors on one culture instead of repeating several batch cultures. However, before testing stresses using continuous cultures, the physiological stability of continuously produced cells over a considered time period must be first evaluated. A continuous culture of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 was maintained for 211 h at a dilution rate of 0.1 per h, mimicking a deceleration growth phase culture. Stable viable cell counts were measured over the culture period, decreasing only moderately from 8.8 to 8.6 log10 cfu/ml. A slight shift in metabolite production, characterized by increased lactate and decreased acetate, formate and ethanol concentrations was observed. Susceptibilities to antibiotics and stress conditions were stable (cefotaxim, ampicillin, ceftazidime) or moderately affected (simulated gastric juices, heat, bile salts, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin, vancomycin and neomycin) over culturing time. Comparison of gene transcription profiles between samples collected after 31 h of continuous culture and samples collected after 134 and 211 h revealed only limited changes in expression of 1.0 and 3.8% of total genes, respectively. Based on these results, we propose that continuous culture can be used to produce bacterial cells with stable physiological properties suitable for fast and efficient screening of sub-lethal stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mozzetti
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Zürich, Switzerland
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Mills S, Stanton C, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP. Enhancing the stress responses of probiotics for a lifestyle from gut to product and back again. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S19. [PMID: 21995734 PMCID: PMC3231925 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Before a probiotic bacterium can even begin to fulfill its biological role, it must survive a battery of environmental stresses imposed during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Food processing stresses include extremes in temperature, as well as osmotic, oxidative and food matrix stresses. Passage through the GIT is a hazardous journey for any bacteria with deleterious lows in pH encountered in the stomach to the detergent-like properties of bile in the duodenum. However, bacteria are equipped with an array of defense mechanisms to counteract intracellular damage or to enhance the robustness of the cell to withstand lethal external environments. Understanding these mechanisms in probiotic bacteria and indeed other bacterial groups has resulted in the development of a molecular toolbox to augment the technological and gastrointestinal performance of probiotics. This has been greatly aided by studies which examine the global cellular responses to stress highlighting distinct regulatory networks and which also identify novel mechanisms used by cells to cope with hazardous environments. This review highlights the latest studies which have exploited the bacterial stress response with a view to producing next-generation probiotic cultures and highlights the significance of studies which view the global bacterial stress response from an integrative systems biology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
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Ruiz L, Ruas-Madiedo P, Gueimonde M, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Margolles A, Sánchez B. How do bifidobacteria counteract environmental challenges? Mechanisms involved and physiological consequences. GENES & NUTRITION 2011; 6:307-18. [PMID: 21484166 PMCID: PMC3145062 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective response to stress is of paramount importance for probiotic bifidobacteria administered in foods, since it determines their performance as beneficial microorganisms. Firstly, bifidobacteria have to be resistant to the stress sources typical in manufacturing, including heating, exposure to low water activities, osmotic shock and presence of oxygen. Secondly, and once they are orally ingested, bifidobacteria have to overcome physiological barriers in order to arrive in the large intestine biologically active. These barriers are mainly the acid pH in the stomach and the presence of high bile salt concentrations in the small intestine. In addition, the large intestine is, in terms of microbial amounts, a densely populated environment in which there is an extreme variability in carbon source availability. For this reason, bifidobacteria harbours a wide molecular machinery allowing the degradation of a wide variety of otherwise non-digestible sugars. In this review, the molecular mechanisms allowing this bacterial group to favourably react to the presence of different stress sources are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Ctra. Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Oberg TS, Steele JL, Ingham SC, Smeianov VV, Briczinski EP, Abdalla A, Broadbent JR. Intrinsic and inducible resistance to hydrogen peroxide in Bifidobacterium species. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1947-53. [PMID: 21626209 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in, and use of, bifidobacteria as a probiotic delivered in functional foods has increased dramatically in recent years. As a result of their anaerobic nature, oxidative stress can pose a major challenge to maintaining viability of bifidobacteria during functional food storage. To better understand the oxidative stress response in two industrially important bifidobacteria species, we examined the response of three strains of B. longum and three strains of B. animalis subsp. lactis to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Each strain was exposed to a range of H₂O₂ concentrations (0-10 mM) to evaluate and compare intrinsic resistance to H₂O₂. Next, strains were tested for the presence of an inducible oxidative stress response by exposure to a sublethal H₂O₂ concentration for 20 or 60 min followed by challenge at a lethal H₂O₂ concentration. Results showed B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 had the highest level of intrinsic H₂O₂ resistance of all strains tested and B. animalis subsp. lactis BL-04 had the highest resistance among B. lactis strains. Inducible H₂O₂ resistance was detected in four strains, B. longum NCC2705, B. longum D2957, B. lactis RH-1, and B. lactis BL-04. Other strains showed either no difference or increased sensitivity to H₂O₂ after induction treatments. These data indicate that intrinsic and inducible resistance to hydrogen peroxide is strain specific in B. longum and B. lactis and suggest that for some strains, sublethal H₂O₂ treatments might help increase cell resistance to oxidative damage during production and storage of probiotic-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Oberg
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-8700, USA
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25
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Lee K, Rho BS, Pi K, Kim HJ, Choi YJ. Proteomic analysis of protein expression in Lactobacillus plantarum in response to alkaline stress. J Biotechnol 2011; 153:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Goulart CL, dos Santos GG, Barbosa LC, Lery LMS, Bisch PM, von Krüger WMA. A ToxR-dependent role for the putative phosphoporin VCA1008 in bile salt resistance in Vibrio cholerae El Tor N16961. Microbiology (Reading) 2010; 156:3011-3020. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.043117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative phosphoporin encoded by vca1008 of Vibrio cholerae O1 is expressed in vivo during infection and is essential for the intestinal colonization of infant mice. In vitro, its expression is induced under inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation in a PhoB/R-dependent manner. In this work we demonstrated that VCA1008 has a strain-specific role in the physiology and pathogenicity of V. cholerae O1. Disruption of vca1008 led to a growth defect, an inability to colonize and a high susceptibility to sodium deoxycholate (DOC; the major bile compound) in the El Tor biotype strain N16961, but did not affect the classical strain O395 in the same way. Furthermore, vca1008 promoter activity was higher in N16961 cells grown under a low Pi supply in the presence of DOC than in the absence of the detergent. In the Pi-limited cells, vca1008 was positively regulated by PhoB, but when DOC was added to the medium, it negatively affected the PhoB-mediated activation of the gene, and enhanced vca1008 expression in a ToxR-dependent manner. These findings reveal for the first time a complex strain-specific interplay between ToxR and PhoB/R systems to control porin genes, as well as the influence of DOC on the expression of PhoB- and ToxR-regulated genes and pathogenesis in pandemic strains of V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lage Goulart
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Garcia dos Santos
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Carvalho Barbosa
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Miranda Santos Lery
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mascarello Bisch
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanda Maria Almeida von Krüger
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wu R, Sun Z, Wu J, Meng H, Zhang H. Effect of bile salts stress on protein synthesis of Lactobacillus casei Zhang revealed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:3858-68. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lee K, Pi K. Effect of transient acid stress on the proteome of intestinal probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:460-5. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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HspR mutations are naturally selected in Bifidobacterium longum when successive heat shock treatments are applied. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:256-63. [PMID: 19880603 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01147-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of molecular tools allowed light to be shed on several widespread genetic mechanisms aiming at limiting the effect of molecular damage on bacterial survival. For some bacterial taxa, there are limited tools in the genetic toolbox, which restricts the possibilities to investigate the molecular basis of their stress response. In that case, an alternative strategy is to study genetic variants of a strain under stress conditions. The comparative study of the genetic determinants responsible for their phenotypes, e.g., an improved tolerance to stress, offers precious clues on the molecular mechanisms effective in this bacterial taxon. We applied this approach and isolated two heat shock-tolerant strains derived from Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705. A global analysis of their transcriptomes revealed that the dnaK operon and the clpB gene were overexpressed in both heat shock-tolerant strains. We sequenced the hspR gene coding for the negative regulator of dnaK and clpB and found point mutations affecting protein domains likely responsible for the binding of the regulators to the promoter DNA. Complementation of the mutant strains by the wild-type regulator hspR restored its heat sensitivity and thus demonstrated that these mutations were responsible for the observed heat tolerance phenotype.
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Guillaume E, Berger B, Affolter M, Kussmann M. Label-free quantitative proteomics of two Bifidobacterium longum strains. J Proteomics 2009; 72:771-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee K, Lee HG, Choi YJ. Proteomic analysis of the effect of bile salts on the intestinal and probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri. J Biotechnol 2008; 137:14-9. [PMID: 18680767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a resident of the human and animal intestinal tracts. The ability of L. reuteri to survive passage through the intestinal tract is a key point in its function as a probiotic. In order to examine the nature of bile salt tolerance by L. reuteri, its protein synthesis was analyzed in liquid cultures containing two different bile salt conditions. Significant cell growth inhibition was observed in the presence of 1.2g/L (higher concentration) bile salts. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis allowed us to identify 28 proteins spots that were consistently and significantly altered in the presence of bile in the growth medium. Peptide mass fingerprinting was used to identify these 28 proteins, and functional annotation revealed their involvement in carbohydrate metabolism, transcription-translation, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, pH homeostasis and stress responses, oxidation-reduction reactions, and unknown functions. These findings, which suggest that bile salts induce complex physiological responses in L. reuteri may provide early new insights into the inducible mechanisms underlying the capacity of intestinal L. reuteri to tolerate bile stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- KiBeom Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, SongDo Techno Park, 7-50 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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Lee K, Lee HG, Pi K, Choi YJ. The effect of low pH on protein expression by the probiotic bacteriumLactobacillus reuteri. Proteomics 2008; 8:1624-30. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Ventura M, O'Connell-Motherway M, Leahy S, Moreno-Munoz JA, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. From bacterial genome to functionality; case bifidobacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 120:2-12. [PMID: 17629975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The availability of complete bacterial genome sequences has significantly furthered our understanding of the genetics, physiology and biochemistry of the microorganisms in question, particularly those that have commercially important applications. Bifidobacteria are among such microorganisms, as they constitute mammalian commensals of biotechnological significance due to their perceived role in maintaining a balanced gastrointestinal (GIT) microflora. Bifidobacteria are therefore frequently used as health-promoting or probiotic components in functional food products. A fundamental understanding of the metabolic activities employed by these commensal bacteria, in particular their capability to utilize a wide range of complex oligosaccharides, can reveal ways to provide in vivo growth advantages relative to other competing gut bacteria or pathogens. Furthermore, an in depth analysis of adaptive responses to nutritional or environmental stresses may provide methodologies to retain viability and improve functionality during commercial preparation, storage and delivery of the probiotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventura
- Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
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Sánchez B, Champomier-Vergès MC, Anglade P, Baraige F, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Margolles A, Zagorec M. A Preliminary Analysis of Bifidobacterium longum Exported Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 14:74-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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35
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Sánchez B, Champomier-Vergès MC, Stuer-Lauridsen B, Ruas-Madiedo P, Anglade P, Baraige F, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Johansen E, Zagorec M, Margolles A. Adaptation and response of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis to bile: a proteomic and physiological approach. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:6757-67. [PMID: 17827318 PMCID: PMC2074956 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00637-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salts are natural detergents that facilitate the digestion and absorption of the hydrophobic components of the diet. However, their amphiphilic nature makes them very inhibitory for bacteria and strongly influences bacterial survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Adaptation to and tolerance of bile stress is therefore crucial for the persistence of bacteria in the human colonic niche. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, a probiotic bacterium with documented health benefits, is applied largely in fermented dairy products. In this study, the effect of bile salts on proteomes of B. animalis subsp. lactis IPLA 4549 and its bile-resistant derivative B. animalis subsp. lactis 4549dOx was analyzed, leading to the identification of proteins which may represent the targets of bile salt response and adaptation in B. animalis subsp. lactis. The comparison of the wild-type and the bile-resistant strain responses allowed us to hypothesize about the resistance mechanisms acquired by the derivative resistant strain and about the bile salt response in B. animalis subsp. lactis. In addition, significant differences in the levels of metabolic end products of the bifid shunt and in the redox status of the cells were also detected, which correlate with some differences observed between the proteomes. These results indicate that adaptation and response to bile in B. animalis subsp. lactis involve several physiological mechanisms that are jointly dedicated to reduce the deleterious impact of bile on the cell's physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sánchez
- Unité Flore Lactique et Environnement Carné (UR309), INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Couté Y, Hernandez C, Appel RD, Sanchez JC, Margolles A. Labeling of Bifidobacterium longum cells with 13C-substituted leucine for quantitative proteomic analyses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5653-6. [PMID: 17601805 PMCID: PMC2042066 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00667-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture was used for Bifidobacterium longum. A comprehensive proteomic strategy was developed and validated by designing an appropriate semidefined medium that allows stable replacement of natural leucine by [(13)C6]leucine. Using this strategy, proteins having variations of at least 50% in their expression rates can be quantified with great confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Couté
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Group, Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
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37
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De Dea Lindner J, Canchaya C, Zhang Z, Neviani E, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Exploiting Bifidobacterium genomes: the molecular basis of stress response. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 120:13-24. [PMID: 17629583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria represent important human commensals because of their perceived contribution to the maintenance of a balanced gastro intestinal tract (GIT). In recent years bifidobacteria have drawn much scientific attention because of their use as live bacteria in numerous food preparations with various health-related claims. For such reasons these bacteria constitute a growing area of interest with respect to genomics, molecular biology and genetics. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the molecular players that allow bifidobacteria to contend with heat-, osmotic-, bile-and acidic stress. Here, we describe the principal molecular chaperones involved in such stresses, as well as their use as phylogenetic markers for gaining insight into the evolutionary history of high G+C Gram positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Department of Genetics, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, parco Area delle Scienze 11a, 43100 Parma, Italy
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38
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Rezzonico E, Lariani S, Barretto C, Cuanoud G, Giliberti G, Delley M, Arigoni F, Pessi G. Global transcriptome analysis of the heat shock response of Bifidobacterium longum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 271:136-45. [PMID: 17419761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and have been widely used as functional foods in different products. During industrial processing, bacterial cells undergo several stresses that can limit large-scale production and stability of the final product. To better understand the stress-response mechanisms of bifidobacteria, microarrays were used to obtain a global transcriptome profile of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 exposed to a heat shock treatment at 50 degrees C for 3, 7 and 12 min. Gene expression data highlighted a profound modification of gene expression, with 46% of the genes being altered. This analysis revealed a slow-down of Bi. longum general metabolic activity during stress with a simultaneous activation of the classical heat shock stimulon. Moreover, the expression of several genes with unknown function was highly induced under stress conditions. Three of these were conserved in other bacteria species where they were also previously shown to be induced by high temperature, suggesting their widespread role in the heat stress response. Finally, the implication of the trans-translation machinery in the response of Bi. longum cells to heat shock was suggested by the induction of the gene encoding the tmRNA-associated small protein B (SmpB) with concomitant high constitutive expression of the tmRNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Rezzonico
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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39
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Tan BM, Tu QV, Kovach Z, Raftery M, Mendz GL. Wolinella succinogenes response to ox-bile stress. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 92:319-30. [PMID: 17375366 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-007-9151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Wolinella succinogenes is the only known species of its genus. It was first isolated from cow ruminal fluid, and in cattle, it dwells in the reticulum and rumen compartments of the stomach. The global protein response of W. succinogenes to ox-bile was investigated with the aim to understand bile-tolerance mechanisms of the bacterium. Bacteria were grown in liquid media supplemented with different bile concentrations to determine its effects on growth and morphology. Proteomic analyses served to identify 14 proteins whose expression was modulated by the presence of 0.2% bile. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of the expression of selected genes were employed to obtain independent confirmation of the proteomics data. Proteins differentially expressed revealed metabolic pathways involved in the adaptation of W. succinogenes to bile. The data suggested that bile stress elicited complex physiological responses rather than just specific pathways, and identified proteins previously unknown to be involved in the adaptation of bacteria to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice M Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Ventura M, Canchaya C, Zhang Z, Bernini V, Fitzgerald GF, van Sinderen D. How high G+C Gram-positive bacteria and in particular bifidobacteria cope with heat stress: protein players and regulators. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30:734-59. [PMID: 16911042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Actinobacteridae group of bacteria includes pathogens, plant commensals, endosymbionts as well as inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract. For various reasons, these microorganisms represent a growing area of interest with respect to genomics, molecular biology and genetics. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the molecular players that allow actinobacteria to contend with heat stress, with an emphasis on bifidobacteria. We describe the principal molecular chaperones involved in heat stress. Temporal expression of heat-shock genes based on functional genomics in members of the Actinobacteridae group is also discussed, as well as the emerging molecular mechanisms controlling the heat-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventura
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire Begley
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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