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Tang H, Chen Z, Shao Y, Ju X, Li L. Development of an enzymatic cascade to systematically utilize lignocellulosic monosaccharide. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1974-1980. [PMID: 36448581 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fermentation valorization of two main lignocellulosic monosaccharides, glucose and xylose, is extensively developed; however, it is restricted by limited yield and process complexity. An in vitro enzymatic cascade reaction can be an alternative approach. RESULTS In this study, a three-stage, five-enzyme cascade was developed to convert pretreated biomass to valuable chemicals. First, a ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B mutant isomerized xylose to d-xylulose with high substrate specificity, and a d-arabinose dehydrogenase continued to reduce d-xylulose to d-arabitol. Simultaneously, glucose was utilized for the coenzyme regeneration catalyzed by a glucose dehydrogenase, generating useful gluconic acid and achieving 73% of total conversion rate after 36 h. Then, six kinds of pretreated biomass lignocellulose were hydrolyzed by cellulase and hemicellulase, and corn cob was identified as the initial substrate for providing the highest monosaccharide content. A 65% conversion rate of the lignocellulosic xylose was obtained after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a proof of concept to convert main lignocellulosic monosaccharides systematically by an enzymatic cascade at stoichiometric ratio. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Tang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- Engineering and Technology Centers of Transdermal Drug Delivery System of Jiangsu Province, Yunnan Baiyao Group Wuxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, P. R. China
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Chi P, Wang S, Ge X, Bilal M, Fickers P, Cheng H. Efficient D-threitol production by an engineered strain of Yarrowia lipolytica overexpressing xylitol dehydrogenase gene from Scheffersomyces stipitis. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Qi X, Zhang H, Magocha TA, An Y, Yun J, Yang M, Xue Y, Liang S, Sun W, Cao Z. Improved xylitol production by expressing a novel d-arabitol dehydrogenase from isolated Gluconobacter sp. JX-05 and co-biotransformation of whole cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:50-58. [PMID: 28364633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel ardh gene encoding d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli from a new isolated strain of Gluconobacter sp. JX-05. Sequence analysis revealed that ArDH containing a NAD(P)-binding motif and a classical active site motif belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase family. Subsequently, the optimal pH and temperature, specific activities and kinetic parameter of ArDH were determined. In the co-biotransformation by the whole cells of BL21-ardh and BL21-xdh, 26.1g/L xylitol was produced from 30g/L d-arabitol in 22h with a yield of 0.87g/g. The xylitol production was increased by more than two times as compared with that of Gluconobacter sp. alone, and was improved 10.1% than that of Gluconobacter sp. mixed with BL21-xdh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tinashe Archbold Magocha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhua Liang
- Nanning Bioclone Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 5 Keyuan Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 611 Charles E. Young Dr. E, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
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Kim TS, Patel SKS, Selvaraj C, Jung WS, Pan CH, Kang YC, Lee JK. A highly efficient sorbitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 and improvement of its stability through immobilization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33438. [PMID: 27633501 PMCID: PMC5025769 DOI: 10.1038/srep33438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A sorbitol dehydrogenase (GoSLDH) from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 (G. oxydans G624) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-CodonPlus RIL. The complete 1455-bp codon-optimized gene was amplified, expressed, and thoroughly characterized for the first time. GoSLDH exhibited Km and kcat values of 38.9 mM and 3820 s−1 toward L-sorbitol, respectively. The enzyme exhibited high preference for NADP+ (vs. only 2.5% relative activity with NAD+). GoSLDH sequencing, structure analyses, and biochemical studies, suggested that it belongs to the NADP+-dependent polyol-specific long-chain sorbitol dehydrogenase family. GoSLDH is the first fully characterized SLDH to date, and it is distinguished from other L-sorbose-producing enzymes by its high activity and substrate specificity. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the protein binds more strongly to D-sorbitol than other L-sorbose-producing enzymes, and substrate docking analysis confirmed a higher turnover rate. The high oxidation potential of GoSLDH for D-sorbitol was confirmed by cyclovoltametric analysis. Further, stability of GoSLDH significantly improved (up to 13.6-fold) after cross-linking of immobilized enzyme on silica nanoparticles and retained 62.8% residual activity after 10 cycles of reuse. Therefore, immobilized GoSLDH may be useful for L-sorbose production from D-sorbitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | | | - Woo-Suk Jung
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Systems Biotechnology Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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P212A Mutant of Dihydrodaidzein Reductase Enhances (S)-Equol Production and Enantioselectivity in a Recombinant Escherichia coli Whole-Cell Reaction System. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1992-2002. [PMID: 26801575 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03584-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-Equol, a gut bacterial isoflavone derivative, has drawn great attention because of its potent use for relieving female postmenopausal symptoms and preventing prostate cancer. Previous studies have reported on the dietary isoflavone metabolism of several human gut bacteria and the involved enzymes for conversion of daidzein to (S)-equol. However, the anaerobic growth conditions required by the gut bacteria and the low productivity and yield of (S)-equol limit its efficient production using only natural gut bacteria. In this study, the low (S)-equol biosynthesis of gut microorganisms was overcome by cloning the four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis from Slackia isoflavoniconvertens into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The reaction conditions were optimized for (S)-equol production from the recombinant strain, and this recombinant system enabled the efficient conversion of 200 μM and 1 mM daidzein to (S)-equol under aerobic conditions, achieving yields of 95% and 85%, respectively. Since the biosynthesis of trans-tetrahydrodaidzein was found to be a rate-determining step for (S)-equol production, dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR) was subjected to rational site-directed mutagenesis. The introduction of the DHDR P212A mutation increased the (S)-equol productivity from 59.0 mg/liter/h to 69.8 mg/liter/h in the whole-cell reaction. The P212A mutation caused an increase in the (S)-dihydrodaidzein enantioselectivity by decreasing the overall activity of DHDR, resulting in undetectable activity for (R)-dihydrodaidzein, such that a combination of the DHDR P212A mutant with dihydrodaidzein racemase enabled the production of (3S,4R)-tetrahydrodaidzein with an enantioselectivity of >99%.
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Su Y, Willis LB, Jeffries TW. Effects of aeration on growth, ethanol and polyol accumulation by
Spathaspora passalidarum
NRRL Y‐27907 and
Scheffersomyces stipitis
NRRL Y‐7124. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:457-69. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Kai Su
- Department of Biological Systems EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
| | - Laura B. Willis
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- Forest Products LaboratoryUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin
| | - Thomas W. Jeffries
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadison53703Wisconsin
- Department of BacteriologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
- Forest Products LaboratoryUSDA Forest ServiceMadisonWisconsin
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Abstract
Xylitol is the first rare sugar that has global market because of its excellent properties. Considering its superiority to chemosynthesis, biosynthesis of xylitol became hot issue in recent studies. The production of xylitol from glucose experienced a development from three-step process to two-step process, or even only one-step process. The microbial and enzymatic process involving key enzymes, molecular cloning and expression and transgenic bacteria construction is introduced in this paper. This study may provide novel thought to explore new resource for better control of biological reaction conditions and obtainment of higher xylitol yield.
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Yin B, Cui D, Zhang L, Jiang S, Machida S, Yuan YA, Wei D. Structural insights into substrate and coenzyme preference by SDR family protein Gox2253 from Gluconobater oxydans. Proteins 2014; 82:2925-35. [PMID: 24825769 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gox2253 from Gluconobacter oxydans belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family, and catalyzes the reduction of heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal with NADPH. To develop a robust working platform to engineer novel G. oxydans oxidoreductases with designed coenzyme preference, we adopted a structure based rational design strategy using computational predictions that considers the number of hydrogen bonds formed between enzyme and docked coenzyme. We report the crystal structure of Gox2253 at 2.6 Å resolution, ternary models of Gox2253 mutants in complex with NADH/short-chain aldehydes, and propose a structural mechanism of substrate selection. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that hydrogen bonds could form between 2'-hydroxyl group in the adenosine moiety of NADH and the side chain of Gox2253 mutant after arginine at position 42 is replaced with tyrosine or lysine. Consistent with the molecular dynamics prediction, Gox2253-R42Y/K mutants can use both NADH and NADPH as a coenzyme. Hence, the strategies here could provide a practical platform to engineer coenzyme selectivity for any given oxidoreductase and could serve as an additional consideration to engineer substrate-binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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Cheng H, Lv J, Wang H, Wang B, Li Z, Deng Z. Genetically engineered Pichia pastoris yeast for conversion of glucose to xylitol by a single-fermentation process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3539-52. [PMID: 24419799 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylitol is industrially synthesized by chemical reduction of D-xylose, which is more expensive than glucose. Thus, there is a growing interest in the production of xylitol from a readily available and much cheaper substrate, such as glucose. The commonly used yeast Pichia pastoris strain GS115 was shown to produce D-arabitol from glucose, and the derivative strain GS225 was obtained to produce twice amount of D-arabitol than GS115 by adaptive evolution during repetitive growth in hyperosmotic medium. We cloned the D-xylulose-forming D-arabitol dehydrogenase (DalD) gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae and the xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) gene from Gluconobacter oxydans. Recombinant P. pastoris GS225 strains with the DalD gene only or with both DalD and XDH genes could produce xylitol from glucose in a single-fermentation process. Three-liter jar fermentation results showed that recombinant P. pastoris cells with both DalD and XDH converted glucose to xylitol with the highest yield of 0.078 g xylitol/g glucose and productivity of 0.29 g xylitol/L h. This was the first report to convert xylitol from glucose by the pathway of glucose-D-arabitol-D-xylulose-xylitol in a single process. The recombinant yeast could be used as a yeast cell factory and has the potential to produce xylitol from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China,
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10
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Zhang J, Li S, Xu H, Zhou P, Zhang L, Ouyang P. Purification of xylitol dehydrogenase and improved production of xylitol by increasing XDH activity and NADH supply in Gluconobacter oxydans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2861-7. [PMID: 23432201 DOI: 10.1021/jf304983d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gluconobacter oxydans is known to be a suitable candidate for producing xylitol from d-arabitol. In this study, the enzyme responsible for reducing d-xylulose to xylitol was purified from G. oxydans NH-10 and characterized as xylitol dehydrogenase. It has been reported that XDH depends exclusively on NAD(+)/NADH as cofactors with a relatively low activity, which was proposed to be the direct reason for its limiting the overall conversion process. To better produce xylitol, an engineered G. oxydans PXPG was constructed to coexpress the XDH gene and a cofactor regeneration enzyme (glucose dehydrogenase) gene from Bacillus subtilis. Activities for both enzymes were more than twofold higher in the G. oxydans PXPG than in the wild strain. Approximately 12.23 g/L xylitol was obtained from 30 g/L d-arabitol by resting cells of the engineered strain with a conversion yield of 40.8%, whereas only 7.56 g/L xylitol was produced by the wild strain with a yield of 25.2%. These results demonstrated that increasing the XDH activity and the cofactor NADH supply could improve the xylitol productivity notably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, ‡College of Food Science and Light Industry, and §College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Properties of recombinant Strep-tagged and untagged hyperthermophilic D-arabitol dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1285-93. [PMID: 21347726 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The first hyperthermophilic D-arabitol dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima was heterologously purified from Escherichia coli. The protein was purified with and without a Strep-tag. The enzyme exclusively catalyzed the NAD(H)-dependent oxidoreduction of D-arabitol, D-xylitol, D-ribulose, or D-xylulose. A twofold increase of catalytic rates was observed upon addition of Mg(2+) or K(+). Interestingly, only the tag-less protein was thermostable, retaining 90% of its activity after 90 min at 85 °C. However, the tag-less form of D-arabitol dehydrogenase had similar kinetic parameters compared to the tagged enzyme, demonstrating that the Strep-tag was not deleterious to protein function but decreased protein stability. A single band at 27.6 kDa was observed on SDS-PAGE and native PAGE revealed that the protein formed a homohexamer and a homododecamer. The enzyme catalyzed oxidation of D-arabitol to D: -ribulose and therefore belongs to the class of D-arabitol 2-dehydrogenases, which are typically observed in yeast and not bacteria. The product D-ribulose is a rare ketopentose sugar that has numerous industrially applications. Given its thermostability and specificity, D-arabitol 2-dehydrogenase is a desirable biocatalyst for the production of rare sugar precursors.
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Kallnik V, Meyer M, Deppenmeier U, Schweiger P. Construction of expression vectors for protein production in Gluconobacter oxydans. J Biotechnol 2010; 150:460-5. [PMID: 20969898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic ability of Gluconobacter oxydans to incompletely oxidize numerous sugars, sugar acids, polyols, and alcohols has been exploited in several biotechnological processes, for example vitamin C production. The genome sequence of G. oxydans 621H is known but molecular tools are needed for the characterization of putative proteins and for the improvement of industrial strains by heterologous and homologous gene expression. To this end, promoter regions for the genes encoding G. oxydans ribosomal proteins L35 and L13 were introduced into the broad-host-range plasmid pBBR1MCS-2 to construct two new expression vectors for gene expression in Gluconobacter spp. These vectors were named pBBR1p264 and pBBR1p452, respectively, and have many advantages over current vectors for Gluconobacter spp. The uidA gene encoding β-D-glucuronidase was inserted downstream of the promoter regions and these promoter-reporter fusions were used to assess relative promoter strength. The constructs displayed distinct promoter strengths and strong (pBBR1p264), moderate (pBBR1p452) and weak (pBBR1MCS-2 carrying the intrinsic lac promoter) promoters were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kallnik
- Universität Bonn, Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, 168 Meckenheimer Allee, 53515 Bonn, Germany
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Cheng H, Li Z, Jiang N, Deng Z. Cloning, purification and characterization of an NAD-Dependent D-Arabitol dehydrogenase from acetic acid bacterium, Acetobacter suboxydans. Protein J 2010; 28:263-72. [PMID: 19629658 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D-Xylulose-forming D-arabitol dehydrogenase (aArDH) is a key enzyme in the bio-conversion of D-arabitol to xylitol. In this study, we cloned the NAD-dependent D-xylulose-forming D-arabitol dehydrogenase gene from an acetic acid bacterium, Acetobacter suboxydans sp. The enzyme was purified from A. suboxydans sp. and was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. The native or recombinant enzyme was preferred NAD(H) to NADP(H) as coenzyme. The active recombinant aArDH expressed in E. coli is a homodimer, whereas the native aArDH in A. suboxydans is a homotetramer. On SDS-PAGE, the recombinant and native aArDH give one protein band at the position corresponding to 28 kDa. The optimum pH of polyol oxidation and ketone reduction is found to be pH 8.5 and 5.5 respectively. The highest reaction rate is observed when D-arabitol is used as the substrate (K (m) = 4.5 mM) and the product is determined to be D-xylulose by HPLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200194, Shanghai, China.
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