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Khalil W, Gabr SA, Shamiah SM, El-Haif A, Abdel-Khal A. In vitro Maturation, Fertilization and Embryo Development of Immature
Buffalo Oocytes Vitrified by Different Cryodevice Types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.428.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Larman MG, Hashimoto S, Morimoto Y, Gardner DK. Cryopreservation in ART and concerns with contamination during cryobanking. Reprod Med Biol 2014; 13:107-117. [PMID: 29662371 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-014-0176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos is vital to numerous fields of reproductive biology, including assisted human reproduction. With improved culture conditions, there are an increasing number of embryos to cryopreserve for potential use in subsequent cycles. Many of the gametes and embryos in human IVF are cryopreserved in open systems. Because liquid nitrogen is not sterile, concerns have been raised with regard to contamination from the liquid nitrogen and also cross-contamination between patients' germplasm. Human gamete and embryo cryopreservation are discussed, with recommendations on how to minimize and eliminate contamination, emphasizing the benefits of closed vitrification devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David K Gardner
- Department of Zoology University of Melbourne 3010 Melbourne VIC Australia
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Bielanski A. A review of the risk of contamination of semen and embryos during cryopreservation and measures to limit cross-contamination during banking to prevent disease transmission in ET practices. Theriogenology 2012; 77:467-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hajarian H, Wahid H, Rosnina Y, Daliri M, Dashtizad M, Mirzapour T, Yimer N, Bukar M, Iswadi M, Abas Mazni O. Cryotop Device Enhances Vitrification Outcome of Immature Bovine Oocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.2541.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Merino O, Sánchez R, Risopatrón J, Isachenko E, Katkov II, Figueroa E, Valdebenito I, Mallmann P, Isachenko V. Cryoprotectant-free vitrification of fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spermatozoa: first report. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:390-5. [PMID: 21806657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this investigation were to test a novel technology comprising cryoprotectant-free vitrification of the spermatozoa of rainbow trout and to study the ability of sucrose and components of seminal plasma to protect these cells from cryo-injuries. Spermatozoa were isolated and vitrified using three different media: Group 1: standard buffer for fish spermatozoa, Cortland(®) medium (CM, control); Group 2: CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma; and Group 3: CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma + 0.125 m sucrose. For cooling, 20-μl suspensions of cells from each group were dropped directly into liquid nitrogen. For warming, the spheres containing the cells were quickly submerged in CM + 1% BSA at 37 °C with gentle agitation. The quality of spermatozoa before and after vitrification was analysed by the evaluation of motility and cytoplasmic membrane integrity with SYBR-14/propidium iodide staining technique. Motility (86%, 81% and 82% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) (P > 0.1) was not decreased significantly. At the same time, cytoplasmic membrane integrity of spermatozoa of Groups 1, 2 and 3 was changed significantly (30%, 87% and 76% respectively) (P < 0.05). All tested solutions can be used for vitrification of fish spermatozoa with good post-warming motility. However, cytoplasmic membrane integrity was maximal in Group 2 (CM + 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma). In conclusion, this is the first report about successful cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of fish spermatozoa by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen (vitrification). Vitrification of fish spermatozoa without permeable cryoprotectants is a prospective direction for investigations: these cells can be successfully vitrified with 1% BSA + 40% seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Merino
- Center of Biotechnology in Reproduction, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
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6
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Isachenko V. Response: Efficacy of ultraviolet sterilization of liquid nitrogen. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Hajarian H, Wahid H, Rosnina Y, Daliri M, Dashtizad M, Karamishabankareh H, Abas Mazni O. Cryotop and development of vitrified immature bovine oocytes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352011000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of different cryodevices (open-pulled straw (OPS), electron microscopy grid (EMG), and Cryotop was evaluated for vitrification of immature bovine oocytes. Polar body, metaphase II stage (MII), survivability, and subsequent developmental rates were determined. Only oocytes with four or five layers of cumulus cells were used. Oocytes were equilibrated in two vitrification solutions - 1: 10% DMSO + 10% ethylene glycol (EG) for 30-45sec and 2: 20% DMSO + 20% EG +0.5M sucrose for 25sec -, mounted on one of the cryodevices and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen for 10 days. Immature vitrified oocytes using Cryotop showed the highest rates of polar body extrusion (PB) and nuclear maturity (MII); 41 and 58% respectively. Vitrified oocytes using OPS and EMG showed 26 and 32%; and 35 and 46% of PB and MII rates, respectively. The highest survivability resulted from Cryotop and EMG groups and no significant difference was found between them. Vitrified oocytes using Cryotop had the highest cleavage and blastocyst rates. All of the mean rates for vitrified immature oocytes were significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The results of this study showed the superiority of Cryotop device for vitrification of immature bovine oocytes
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Wahid
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - M Daliri
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Iran
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Abstract
The success of reproductive technologies is facilitated by the cryopreservation of embryos and gametes. In Italy, where legislation prohibits zygote and embryo cryopreservation, clinics have extensively introduced oocyte cryopreservation. Two different strategies of oocyte cryopreservation are available: slow freezing or ultrarapid cooling (vitrification). Although the results are very encouraging with both methods, there is still controversy regarding both the procedure itself and the most suitable method to use. This study reports the routine application of the two different oocyte cryopreservation methods in programmes running in two consecutive periods. The study centre carried out 286 thawing cycles for a total of 1348 thawed oocytes cryopreserved by the slow-freezing method and 59 warming cycles for a total of 285 warmed oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification. Comparison of the outcomes obtained with the slow-freezing method versus vitrification in women who underwent IVF for infertility showed survival, fertilization, pregnancy and implantation rates of 57.9% versus 78.9% (P < 0.0001), 64.6% versus 72.8% (P = 0.027), 7.6% versus 18.2% (P = 0.021) and 4.3% versus 9.3% (P = 0.043) respectively. These results suggest that oocyte vitrification is associated with a better outcome than the slow-freezing method.
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Keskintepe L, Agca Y, Sher G, Keskintepe M, Maassarani G. High survival rate of metaphase II human oocytes after first polar body biopsy and vitrification: determining the effect of previtrification conditions. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:1706-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vanderzwalmen P, Ectors F, Grobet L, Prapas Y, Panagiotidis Y, Vanderzwalmen S, Stecher A, Frias P, Liebermann J, Zech NH. Aseptic vitrification of blastocysts from infertile patients, egg donors and after IVM. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bielanski A, Vajta G. Risk of contamination of germplasm during cryopreservation and cryobanking in IVF units. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2457-67. [PMID: 19561041 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of sperm, embryos and, more recently, oocytes plays an important and increasing role in assisted reproduction, due to improvements of old, and introduction of new technologies. In parallel, concerns are increasing about the technical and biological safety of these procedures. However, published data regarding the confirmed or theoretical hazards of these procedures are sparse and sometimes contradictory. The purpose of this review will summarize data and opinions about one of the most disputed risks, the potential hazard of contamination and disease transmission through cryopreservation. Special attention is concentrated on the weak points of the technology including open vitrification systems, sterilization of liquid nitrogen and safety of commonly used storage tanks including straws and cryovials. Suggestions are also made for practical measures to avoid these dangers while preserving the benefits and perspectives of new cryopreservation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bielanski
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Germplasm Centre of Expertise, Ottawa/Nepean, ON, Canada K2H 8P9.
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Kader A, Agarwal A, Sharma R, Falcone T. Vitrification of isolated mice blastomeres using a closed loading device. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:17. [PMID: 19228397 PMCID: PMC2652462 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated blastomeres obtained by embryo biopsy serve mainly for preimplantation genetic screening. Blastomeres are undifferentiated embryonic cells that include all the embryo genetic information. A lot of developing technologies may benefit by the efficient cryopreservation of blastomeres for future potential use, especially for stem cell culture and differentiation control. We are hereby reporting for the first time the feasibility of preserving individual isolated blastomeres in microvolumes in a closed vitrification system. Using a cryotip and propagation in microvolumes, isolated mice blastomeres were vitrified and warmed with 100% post-warming survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Kader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tommaso Falcone
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center of Surgical Innovation, Technology and Education, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ho PC. New frontiers of assisted reproductive technology (Chien Tien Hsu Memorial Lecture 2007). J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2009; 35:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campos-Chillòn L, Suh T, Barcelo-Fimbres M, Seidel G, Carnevale E. Vitrification of early-stage bovine and equine embryos. Theriogenology 2009; 71:349-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Influence of vitrification on mouse metaphase II oocyte spindle dynamics and chromatin alignment. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue by solid-surface vitrification. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 139:193-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moon JH, Lee JR, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH, Lim HJ, Kim HK. Successful vitrification of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1760-70. [PMID: 18541648 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cryopreservation protocol for human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMs) is required because these cells cannot survive for long periods in culture. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitrification is a useful freezing method for storage of HAMs. METHODS HAMs were cryopreserved using vitrification method. The morphology and viability of thawed HAMs was evaluated by Trypan Blue staining. The expression of several embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers was evaluated using flow cytometry, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Von Kossa, Oil Red O and Alcian Blue staining were used to asses the differentiation potential of thawed HAMs. RESULTS The post-thawing viability of HAMs was 84.3 +/- 3.2% (Mean +/- SD, n = 10). The thawed HAMs showed morphological characteristics indistinguishable from the non-vitrified fresh HAMs. The expression of surface antigens (strong positive for CD44, CD49d, CD59, CD90, CD105 and HLA-ABC; weak positive for HLA-G; negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD106, CD117 and HLA-DR) and the expression of ESC markers [CK18, fibroblast growth factor-5, GATA-4, neural cell adhesion molecule, Nestin, Oct-4, stem cell factor, HLA-ABC, Vimentin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4 alpha), Pax-6, alpha-fetoprotein, Brachyury, BMP-2, TRA-1-60, stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-3, SSEA-4)] were maintained in the vitrified-thawed HAMs. The thawed HAMs retained ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes under appropriate culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vitrification is a reliable and effective method for cryopreservation of HAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hee Moon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi, Bundang, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
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Ozmen B, Schöpper B, Schultz-Mosgau A, Youssry M, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S. A live birth after transfer of a day 2 embryo derived from frozen-thawed zygotes that had undergone polar body biopsy: a case report. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:1201.e9-11. [PMID: 18166177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a live birth after freezing and thawing of biopsied oocytes. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Artificial reproduction unit of a university hospital. PATIENT(S) A primary infertile couple with asthenoteratozoospermia and repeated failures of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). INTERVENTION(S) Screening of aneuploidy during the fourth ICSI cycle with polar body biopsy (PB) for repeated failures of artificial reproductive techniques and a transfer of a cryopreserved day 2 embryo derived from cryopreserved zygotes with slow-rate freezing after PB. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Live birth, viability, and survival. RESULT(S) A successful pregnancy and a live birth were presented after a transfer of day 2 embryos derived from oocytes that underwent PB and subsequent cryopreservation. CONCLUSION(S) Pregnancy can be obtained subsequent to cryopreservation and thawing after PB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Ozmen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck Campus, Lübeck, Germany
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Isachenko V, Isachenko E, Reinsberg J, Montag M, Braun F, van der Ven H. Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue: effect of spontaneous and initiated ice formation. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 16:336-45. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue: Comparison of rapid and conventional freezing. Cryobiology 2007; 55:261-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antinori M, Licata E, Dani G, Cerusico F, Versaci C, Antinori S. Cryotop vitrification of human oocytes results in high survival rate and healthy deliveries. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14:72-9. [PMID: 17207335 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification, an ultra-rapid cooling technique, offers a new perspective in attempts to develop an optimal cryopreservation procedure for human oocytes and embryos. To further evaluate this method for human oocytes, 796 mature oocytes (metaphase II) were collected from 120 volunteers. Since Italian legislation allows the fertilization of a maximum of only three oocytes per woman, there were 463 supernumerary oocytes; instead of being discarded, they were vitrified. When, in subsequent cycles, these oocytes were utilized, 328 out of 330 (99.4%) oocytes survived the warming procedure. The fertilization rate, pregnancy rate and implantation rate per embryo were 92.9, 32.5 and 13.2% respectively. Thus, as already reported in the literature, the vitrification procedure seems to be highly effective, safe (since healthy babies have been born) and easy to apply. In situations where embryo cryopreservation is not permitted (as in Italy), there is now good indication for routine application of the method, once further standardization is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Antinori
- International Associated Research Institute for Human Reproduction Infertility Unit Day Hospital, Via Timavo No.2, Rome, Italy.
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Isachenko V, Montag M, Isachenko E, Dessole S, Nawroth F, van der Ven H. Aseptic vitrification of human germinal vesicle oocytes using dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:741-7. [PMID: 16500347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the viability of vitrified human germinal vesicle (GV)-oocytes to mature to metaphase II (MII) stage after "rapid" cooling directly in liquid nitrogen in comparison with "slow" cooling in a closed 0.5-mL straw (aseptic system), with or without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitrification solution. The possibility of avoiding parthenogenesis of the oocytes after vitrification using DMSO was investigated. DESIGN In vitro maturation after vitrification. SETTING Assisted reproduction centers. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing standard superovulation treatment and having GV-oocytes after follicular puncture. INTERVENTION(S) The GV-oocytes were vitrified with long/short exposure to DMSO using slow or rapid cooling, then warmed and matured in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Maturation after warming. RESULT(S) Oocyte development up to MII stage after vitrification with DMSO was 71% in the group with "rapid" cooling, and in groups with "slow" cooling, 68% and 72% for long and short exposure to DMSO, respectively. The maturation rate of GV-oocytes after slow cooling without DMSO was 51%. In the vitrification with long-term contact of oocytes with DMSO group, a high rate of parthenogenesis was observed. When vitrification with short-term contact of oocytes with DMSO at room temperature was used, no parthenogenesis was observed. CONCLUSION(S) Cryopreservation of human GV-oocytes in open-pulled straws OPS) using an aseptic slow cooling method gives high maturation rates but only in combination with DMSO. To avoid spontaneous parthenogenesis, the exposure to DMSO must occur for a reduced time and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Isachenko
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Isachenko V, Montag M, Isachenko E, van der Ven K, Dorn C, Roesing B, Braun F, Sadek F, van der Ven H. Effective method for in-vitro culture of cryopreserved human ovarian tissue. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13:228-34. [PMID: 16895638 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that it is possible to successfully cryopreserve human ovarian tissue by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen using permeable cryoprotectants only, without disaccharides. This study aimed to search for and test a new method for in-vitro culture of vitrified tissue. Ovarian biopsies were obtained during operative laparoscopy. Pieces of ovarian tissue were vitrified and warmed. After warming, tissue pieces were randomly distributed into three groups for further culture: in 2 ml of culture medium which was regularly renewed (group 1), in 30 ml of culture medium without agitation (group 2) and in 30 ml of culture medium with agitation (group 3). During the 2-week and 6-week culture, the growth of follicles within the vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue pieces was investigated. After 2 weeks of culture, mean numbers of non-degenerated follicles per mm(2) of tissue were 1.5, 1.7 and 4.5 for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively (groups 1 and 2 versus group 3, P < 0.05). Agitation during culture of ovarian tissue is beneficial, and can be used as a prognostic tool for future warming and autotransplantation of ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Isachenko
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Vajta G, Nagy ZP. Are programmable freezers still needed in the embryo laboratory? Review on vitrification. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 12:779-96. [PMID: 16792858 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The predictable answer to the provocative question of whether programmable freezers are still needed in the embryo laboratory is an even more provocative 'no'. However, such a radical statement needs strong support. Based on the extensive literature of the past 5 years, the authors collected arguments either supporting or contradicting their opinion. After an overview of the causes of cryoinjuries and strategies to eliminate them, the evolution of vitrification methods is discussed. Special attention is paid to the biosafety issues. The authors did not find any circumstance in oocyte or embryo cryopreservation where slow freezing offers considerable advantages compared with vitrification. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of published data prove that the latest vitrification methods are more efficient and reliable than any version of slow freezing. Application of the proper vitrification methods increases the efficiency of long-term storage of stem cells and opens new perspectives in cryopreservation of oocytes, both for IVF and somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, lack of support from regulatory authorities, and conservative approachs regarding novel techniques can slow down the implementation of vitrification. The opinion of the authors is that vitrification is the future of cryopreservation. The public have the final say in whether they want and allow this future to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Vajta
- Population Genetics and Embryology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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