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Denizot AL, L'Hostis A, Sallem A, Favier S, Pierre R, Do Cruzeiro M, Guilbert T, Burlet P, Lapierre JM, Robain M, Le Lorc'H M, Vicaut E, Chatzovoulou K, Steffann J, Romana S, Méhats C, Santulli P, Patrat C, Vaiman D, Ziyyat A, Wolf JP. Cyclic fertilin-derived peptide stimulates in vitro human embryo development. F&S SCIENCE 2022; 3:49-63. [PMID: 35559995 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the cyclic fertilin peptide effects on preimplantation human embryogenesis. Cyclic fertilin peptide reproduces the structure of the binding site of the sperm Fertilin β (also named A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 2: ADAM2) disintegrin domain. It binds to the oocyte membrane and increases sperm-oocyte fusion index in human and fertilization rate in mouse, providing healthy pups. It also improves human oocyte maturation and chromosome segregation in meiosis I and binds to human embryo blastomeres, suggesting that it has a membrane receptor. DESIGN Thawed human embryos at the 3 to 4 cells stage were randomly included in a dose-response study with cyclic fertilin peptide. Inner cell mass (ICM), trophectoderm (TE), and total cell numbers were evaluated in top- and good-quality blastocysts. SETTING The study was performed in an academic hospital and research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Human embryos donated for research. This project was approved by the French "Agence de la Biomédecine." INTERVENTION(S) Immunofluorescence and tissue-specific gene expression analysis, using Clariom D microarrays, were performed to study its mechanism of action. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide improves blastocyst formation by almost 20%, the concentration of 1 μM being the lowest most efficient concentration. It significantly increases twice the TE cell number, without modifying the ICM. It increases the in vitro hatching rate from 14% to 45%. RESULT(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide stimulates TE growth. In the ICM, it induces transcriptional activation of intracellular protein and vesicle-mediated transport. CONCLUSION(S) Cyclic fertilin peptide dramatically improves human embryo development potential. It could be used to supplement culture medium and improve the in vitro human embryo development. Starting supplementation immediately after fertilization, instead of day 2, could significantly upgrade assisted reproductive technology outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lyse Denizot
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Audrey L'Hostis
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Amira Sallem
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie et Cytogénétique (LR 18 ES 40), Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Sophie Favier
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Pierre
- Homologous Recombination, Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation Facility, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Homologous Recombination, Embryo Transfer and Cryopreservation Facility, Cochin Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- IMAG'IC facility, Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University of Paris UMR-S1016, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Burlet
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Lapierre
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Le Lorc'H
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, ACTION Study Group, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Kalliopi Chatzovoulou
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Maladies Génétiques Mitochondriales. Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Julie Steffann
- Department "Génétique Moléculaire," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire des Maladies Génétiques Mitochondriales. Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Serge Romana
- Department of "Histologie - Embryologie-Cytogénétique," Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Embryologie et de Génétique des Malformations Congénitales, Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Piétro Santulli
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Catherine Patrat
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Ziyyat
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Wolf
- Team "From Gametes To Birth," Cochin Institute, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department "Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction," Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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Delage CI, Nys G, Fillet M, Cornil CA. Effect of cyclo‑oxygenase inhibition on embryonic microglia and the sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Horm Behav 2021; 134:105024. [PMID: 34256221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enduring sex differences in the brain are established during a developmental process known as brain sexual differentiation and are mainly driven by estrogens during a critical period. In rodents, the masculinization of the preoptic area by estrogens derived from the central aromatization of testosterone depends in part on the interaction between microglia and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pro-inflammatory hormone of the prostanoid subclass. In contrast, in birds, estrogens produced by females induce a demasculinization, but whether an interaction with the neuro-immune system is involved in this process is unknown. This study addressed this question by testing the effects of blockade of cyclo‑oxygenases (COX), the rate-limiting enzymes for prostanoid synthesis, on embryonic microglia and the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior using the Japanese quail as an animal model. The results show that COX inhibition does not affect the behavior of females, but impairs male sexual behavior and suppresses the sex difference in microglial profiles at embryonic day 12 (E12) in the medial preoptic nucleus by increasing the number of microglia in males only. However, neither prostanoid concentrations nor PGE2 receptors differed between sexes in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (HPOA) during development. Overall, these results uncovered a potential role of prostanoids in the demasculinization of Japanese quail. Moreover, the parallel effect of COX inhibition on behavior and microglia suggests an interaction between prostanoids and microglia in brain demasculinization, thus fueling the hypothesis of a conserved role of the neuroimmune system in the organization of the brain by estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte I Delage
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Gwenael Nys
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte A Cornil
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liege, Belgium.
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Tan NS, Vázquez-Carrera M, Montagner A, Sng MK, Guillou H, Wahli W. Transcriptional control of physiological and pathological processes by the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:98-122. [PMID: 27665713 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 138673, Singapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Academia, 20 College Road, 169856, Singapore; INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, France; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wydooghe E, Vandaele L, Heras S, De Sutter P, Deforce D, Peelman L, De Schauwer C, Van Soom A. Autocrine embryotropins revisited: how do embryos communicate with each other in vitro when cultured in groups? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:505-520. [PMID: 26608222 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of the maternal genital tract, preimplantation embryos can develop in vitro in culture medium where all communication with the oviduct or uterus is absent. In several mammalian species, it has been observed that embryos cultured in groups thrive better than those cultured singly. Here we argue that group-cultured embryos are able to promote their own development in vitro by the production of autocrine embryotropins that putatively serve as a communication tool. The concept of effective communication implies an origin, a signalling agent, and finally a recipient that is able to decode the message. We illustrate this concept by demonstrating that preimplantation embryos are able to secrete autocrine factors in several ways, including active secretion, passive outflow, or as messengers bound to a molecular vehicle or transported within extracellular vesicles. Likewise, we broaden the traditional view that inter-embryo communication is dictated mainly by growth factors, by discussing a wide range of other biochemical messengers including proteins, lipids, neurotransmitters, saccharides, and microRNAs, all of which can be exchanged among embryos cultured in a group. Finally, we describe how different classes of messenger molecules are decoded by the embryo and influence embryo development by triggering different pathways. When autocrine embryotropins such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or platelet activating factor (PAF) bind to their appropriate receptor, the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway will be activated which is important for embryo survival. On the other hand, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is activated when compounds such as hyaluronic acid and serotonin bind to their respective receptors, thereby acting as growth factors. By activating the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor family (PPAR) pathway, lipophilic autocrine factors such as prostaglandins or fatty acids have both survival and anti-apoptotic functions. In conclusion, considering different types of messenger molecules simultaneously will be crucial to understanding more comprehensively how embryos communicate with each other in group-culture systems. This approach will assist in the development of novel media for single-embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leen Vandaele
- Animal Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), B-9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Sonia Heras
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Sen Roy S, Seshagiri PB. Expression and function of cyclooxygenase-2 is necessary for hamster blastocyst hatching. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:838-51. [PMID: 24043695 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocyst hatching is critical for successful implantation leading to pregnancy. Its failure causes infertility. The phenomenon of blastocyst hatching in humans is poorly understood and the available information on this stems from studies of rodents such as mice and hamsters. We and others showed that hamster blastocyst hatching is characterized by firstly blastocyst deflation followed by a dissolution of the zona pellucida (zona) and accompanied by trophectodermal projections (TEPs). We also showed that embryo-derived cathepsins (Cat) proteases, specifically Cat-L, -B and -P act as zonalysins and are responsible for hatching. In this study, we show the expression and function of one of the potential regulators of embryogenesis, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 during blastocyst development and hatching. The expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein was observed in 8-cell through hatched blastocyst stages and it was also localized to blastocyst's TEPs. Specific COX-2 inhibitors, NS-398 and CAY-10404, inhibited blastocyst hatching; percentages achieved were only 28.4 ± 5.3 and 32.3 ± 5.4%, respectively, compared with >90% with untreated embryos. Interestingly, inhibitor-treated blastocysts failed to deflate, normally observed during hatching. Supplementation of prostaglandins (PGs)-E2 or -I2 to cultured embryos reversed the inhibitors' effect on hatching and also the deflation behavior. Importantly, the levels of mRNA and protein of Cat-L, -B and -P showed a significant reduction in the inhibitor-treated embryos compared with untreated embryos, although its mechanism remains to be examined. These data provide the first evidence that COX-2 is critical for blastocyst hatching in the golden hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu Sen Roy
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Hwang IS, Kim SW, Byun SJ, Kim KW, Chung HK, Park JJ, Gobianand K, Park JK, Yoo JG. The effect of horse serum on in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Reprod Biol 2012; 12:25-39. [PMID: 22472938 DOI: 10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different sera and serum-like substances on the preimplantation development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Chemically activated (calcium ionophore A23187+cytochalasin B) pig oocytes were pre-cultured for five days. On day 5, the parthenogenetic embryos were treated with porcine follicular fluid (PFF), fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum (HS) or porcine serum albumin (PSA), and were cultured two more days. Horse serum was found to be the most effective protein source in enhancing parthenote development judging by blastocyst formation and hatching. Next, three different concentrations of HS (10, 20 and 30%) were used to determine the optima HS concentration needed to improve the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. All HS concentrations increased the blastocyst cell number and decreased the incidence of blastocyst apoptotic cells with 20% being the most effective. In conclusion, horse serum enhanced parthenogenetic embryo development and the quality of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kang HJ, Hwang SJ, Yoon JA, Jun JH, Lim HJ, Yoon TK, Song H. Activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) promotes blastocyst hatching in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:653-60. [PMID: 21511721 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins participate in a variety of female reproductive processes, including ovulation, fertilization, embryo implantation and parturition. In particular, maternal prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is critical for embryo implantation and the action of PGI(2) is not mediated via its G-protein-coupled membrane receptor, IP, but its nuclear receptor, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Recently, several studies have shown that PGI(2) enhances blastocyst development and/or hatching rate in vitro, and subsequently implantation and live birth rates in mice. However, the mechanism by which PGI(2) improves preimplantation embryo development in vitro remains unclear. Using molecular, pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we show that PGI(2)-induced PPARδ activation accelerates blastocyst hatching in mice. mRNAs for PPARδ, retinoid X receptor (heterodimeric partners of PPARδ) and PGI(2) synthase (PGIS) are temporally induced after zygotic gene activation, and their expression reaches maximum levels at the blastocyst stage, suggesting that functional complex of PPARδ can be formed in the blastocyst. Carbaprostacyclin (a stable analogue of PGI(2)) and GW501516 (a PPARδ selective agonist) significantly accelerated blastocyst hatching but did not increase total cell number of cultured blastocysts. Whereas U51605 (a PGIS inhibitor) interfered with blastocyst hatching, GW501516 restored U51605-induced retarded hatching. In contrast to the improvement of blastocyst hatching by PPARδ agonists, PPAR antagonists significantly inhibited blastocyst hatching. Furthermore, deletion of PPARδ at early stages of preimplantation mouse embryos caused delay of blastocyst hatching, but did not impair blastocyst development. Taken together, PGI(2)-induced PPARδ activation accelerates blastocyst hatching in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology & Infertility, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Meier S, Ledgard A, Sato T, Peterson A, Mitchell M. Polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially alter PGF2α and PGE2 release from bovine trophoblast and endometrial tissues during short-term culture. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 111:353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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The Potential Applications of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta Ligands in Assisted Reproductive Technology. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:794814. [PMID: 19096716 PMCID: PMC2603272 DOI: 10.1155/2008/794814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ, also known as PPARβ) has ubiquitous distribution and extensive biological functions. The reproductive function of PPARδ was first revealed in the uterus at the implantation site. Since then, PPARδ and its ligand have been discovered in all reproductive tissues, including the gametes and the preimplantation embryos. PPARδ in preimplantation embryos is normally activated by oviduct-derived PPARδ ligand. PPARδ activation is associated with an increase in embryonic cell proliferation and a decrease in programmed cell death (apoptosis). On the other hand, the role of PPARδ and its ligand in gamete formation and function is less well understood. This review will summarize the reproductive functions of PPARδ and project its potential applications in assisted reproductive technology.
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Huang JC. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:732303. [PMID: 18354728 PMCID: PMC2266973 DOI: 10.1155/2008/732303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In several species, a family of nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) composed of three isotypes, is expressed in somatic cells and germ cells of the ovary as well as the testis. Invalidation of these receptors in mice or stimulation of these receptors in vivo or in vitro showed that each receptor has physiological roles in the gamete maturation or the embryo development. In addition, synthetic PPAR gamma ligands are recently used to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary disease. These results reveal the positive actions of PPAR in reproduction. On the other hand, xenobiotics molecules (in herbicides, plasticizers, or components of personal care products), capable of activating PPAR, may disrupt normal PPAR functions in the ovary or the testis and have consequences on the quality of the gametes and the embryos. Despite the recent data obtained on the biological actions of PPARs in reproduction, relatively little is known about PPARs in gametes and embryos. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression and the function of PPARs as well as their partners, retinoid X receptors (RXRs), in germ cells and preimplantation embryos. The effects of natural and synthetic PPAR ligands will also be discussed from the perspectives of reproductive toxicology and assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaou-Chen Huang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility,
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,
University of Texas Medical School at Houston,
6431 Fannin Street,
Houston, TX 77030,
USA
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