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Wu S, Yang Y, Zhang M, Khan AU, Dai J, Ouyang J. Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 in physiology and pathology: recent advancements. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1334931. [PMID: 38469181 PMCID: PMC10927012 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1334931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are the most numerous and widespread multifunctional protease inhibitor superfamily and are expressed by all eukaryotes. Serpin E2 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 2), a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily is a potent endogenous thrombin inhibitor, mainly found in the extracellular matrix and platelets, and expressed in numerous organs and secreted by many cell types. The multiple functions of serpin E2 are mainly mediated through regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, also known as PLAU), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, also known as PLAT), and matrix metalloproteinase activity, and include hemostasis, cell adhesion, and promotion of tumor metastasis. The importance serpin E2 is clear from its involvement in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of the Serpin E2 gene and protein, as well as its roles physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xinjin Branch of Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Yue Bei People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Chengdu Municipal Public Security Bureau Wenjiang Branch, Chengdu, China
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, National Virtual & Reality Experimental Education Center for Medical Morphology (Southern Medical University), National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Hashimoto M, Kimura S, Kanno C, Yanagawa Y, Watanabe T, Okabe J, Takahashi E, Nagano M, Kitamura H. Macrophage ubiquitin-specific protease 2 contributes to motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, and in vitro fertilization activity of mouse sperm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2929-2948. [PMID: 33104844 PMCID: PMC11073191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that contribute to classical immune functions and tissue homeostasis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) controls cytokine production in macrophages, but its organ-specific roles are still unknown. In this study, we generated myeloid-selective Usp2 knockout (msUsp2KO) mice and specifically explored the roles of testicular macrophage-derived USP2 in reproduction. The msUsp2KO mice exhibited normal macrophage characteristics in various tissues. In the testis, macrophage Usp2 deficiency negligibly affected testicular macrophage subpopulations, spermatogenesis, and testicular organogenesis. However, frozen-thawed sperm derived from msUsp2KO mice exhibited reduced motility, capacitation, and hyperactivation. In addition, macrophage Usp2 ablation led to a decrease in the sperm population exhibiting high intracellular pH, calcium influx, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Interrupted pronuclei formation in eggs was observed when using frozen-thawed sperm from msUsp2KO mice for in vitro fertilization. Administration of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), whose expression was decreased in testicular macrophages derived from msUsp2KO mice, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and total sperm motility. Our observations demonstrate a distinct role of the deubiquitinating enzyme in organ-specific macrophages that directly affect sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Jun Okabe
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eiki Takahashi
- Research Resources Centre, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.
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3
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Antinozzi C, Lista M, Caponecchia L, Salacone P, Minganti C, Battaglia FA, Di Luigi L, Sgrò P. Exploratory Analysis in the Differences in Blood Serum and Seminal Plasma of Adipose-Tissue Related Peptides in Obese and Non-Obese Men and Their Correlations With Semen Parameters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681939. [PMID: 34393997 PMCID: PMC8355985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating the relationship between circulating metabolic biomarkers and semen parameters in obese, overweight and normal-weight patients. METHODS Patients were recruited at the "Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit", in Santa Maria Goretti Hospital. Divided into three groups were 98 participants (obese, overweight and normal-weight patients) according to BMI and were analyzed for three adipokines and six hormone peptides in blood serum and seminal plasma using Luminex assay. Standard semen analysis was performed for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, morphology and leukocytes. RESULTS In all groups of subjects, we observed a higher concentration of blood serum c-peptide, GIP, PAI-1, leptin, ghrelin and GLP-1 in comparison to seminal plasma; differently, higher levels in seminal plasma were observed for insulin and visfatin. In comparison to the non-obese subjects, obese subjects showed a higher blood serum concentration of c-peptide, GLP-1, GIP and leptin and a higher concentration of seminal plasma of GIP and insulin. Total sperm count, progressive motility, motility, and atypical forms directly correlated with PAI-1 and visfatin, whereas GLP-1 directly correlated only with total progressive motility. CONCLUSION Obese men showed a different pattern of blood serum and seminal plasma adipokines and hormone peptides concentrations in comparison to normal-weight men. Furthermore, these molecules correlated with functional seminal parameters. Our findings support the option to consider these molecules as new biomarkers and pharmacological targets for a new therapeutic approach in male infertility. However, further studies identifying other potential biomarkers of male infertility with important clinical implication and characterizing their mechanisms of action are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Antinozzi,
| | - Marco Lista
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Caponecchia
- Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Pietro Salacone
- Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Minganti
- Unit of Sport Medicine, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Science, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
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Kastora SL, Triantafyllidou O, Kolovos G, Kastoras A, Sigalos G, Vlahos N. Combinational approach of retrospective clinical evidence and transcriptomics highlight AMH superiority to FSH, as successful ICSI outcome predictor. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1623-1635. [PMID: 32430730 PMCID: PMC7376803 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Combination of transcriptomic and retrospective clinical data, to assess anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) functionality at a cumulus cell level and evaluate AMH potential as a suitable marker for IVF outcomes (oocytes retrieved, number of day 3 embryos, gestation outcomes). Design Raw RNA-sequencing data of cumulus cells sourced from younger (n = 10) patient group (group A) (age 29 (1 year of age), baseline FSH 7.4 (0.5 mIU/ml), AMH 4.67 (1.56 ng/ml)) and older (n = 10) patient group (group B) (age 43 (± 0.55 years of age), baseline FSH 8 (0.8 mIU/ml), AMH 1.07 (0.44 ng/ml)) were employed to derive transcriptomic differences among high vs. low AMH groups. We collected retrospectively patient data from 80 infertile patients selected according to pre-specified inclusion criteria. Setting Publicly available raw RNA-sequencing data were retrieved from the SRA database of NCBI resource GEO Accession (GSM21575/35-44; GEO Accession: GSM21575/45-55). Retrospective data were collected from referrals to the Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Lito Hospital of Athens and the Institute of Life, Iaso Hospital of Athens, between the periods of March 2015 and April 2018. Intervention(s) A fixed human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) antagonist protocol was used for all patients. All patients had serum AMH levels measured within a 3-month period prior to stimulation and serum levels of FSH and estradiol (day 2 of menstrual cycle; E2) (Clinical Trial code NV24042014). Main outcome measure(s) The primary outcomes were identification of transcriptomic variations among high (group A) vs. low (group B) AMH patients. Retrospective data primary outcomes were number of oocytes retrieved, fertilized successfully (grades A and B, day 2 embryos), and total number of day 3 embryos. Secondary outcome was live birth rate. Finally, we compared primary outcomes with AMH and FSH level as well as their genetic pathways (interacting genes) to demonstrate the predictive accuracy. Results Essential players of the AMH signaling cascade, namely, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, ALK1, and LEF1, were significantly upregulated in group A (n 10) transcriptome. This biological clue was further supported by retrospective clinical data (n 80 participants), where AMH was positively correlated with both oocytes retrieved and fertilized as well as number of day 3 (grades A and B) embryos from patients undergoing IVF, in a statistically significant manner. AMH was further positive trend of association with successful pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Overall, this study offers new insight on AMH effects upon cumulus cells and new aspects on how AMH might promote oocyte integrity and embryo viability at a biochemical level as well as add to the current body of evidence supporting AMH clinical potential as a more sensitive marker of IVF outcomes in comparison with FSH, regarding numbers of oocytes received and high-quality day 2 and day 3 embryos. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10815-020-01802-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Triantafyllidou
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, "Leto" Maternity Hospital, Mouson str. 7-13, 11524, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kolovos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, Vas. Sofias str. 7, 11528, Athens,, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kastoras
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, "Leto" Maternity Hospital, Mouson str. 7-13, 11524, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Sigalos
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, "Leto" Maternity Hospital, Mouson str. 7-13, 11524, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Vlahos
- Assisted Conception Unit "IAKENTRO", Fragokklisias Str, 15125, Athens, Greece
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Sharpe-Timms KL, Nabli H, Stilley JAW. Identifying Mechanisms of Endometriosis-Associated Reduced Fecundity in a Rat Model: Novel Insights toward Understanding Human Infertility. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020; 232:9-24. [PMID: 33278005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51856-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The existence of endometriosis has been known since at least the nineteenth century, yet the lack of understanding of causes of infertility and therefore inadequate treatment approaches in endometriosis creates a significant challenge in reproductive medicine. Women worldwide suffer not only pain and infertility but also economical, societal, and physiological burdens. Studies of reproductive events in women are difficult to conduct due to a host of confounding personal and environmental factors and ethically limited due to the very nature of working with reproductive tissues and cells, especially embryos. Animal models are a viable adjunct to study mechanisms causing human reproductive anomalies and infertility in endometriosis. This chapter discusses reproductive anomalies causing infertility in endometriosis and well-established animal models which help decipher the problems and lead to heretofore unknown nonsurgical, nonhormonal methods to manage endometriosis in women. In addition, studies of effects of developmental exposure to endometriosis are revealing for the first time, in both female and male offspring, transgenerational subfertility in a rat model providing insights into the familial nature of endometriosis and possible epigenetic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy L Sharpe-Timms
- Division of Reproductive & Perinatal Research, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Henda Nabli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Julie A W Stilley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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6
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García-Vázquez FA, Soriano-Úbeda C, Laguna-Barraza R, Izquierdo-Rico MJ, Navarrete FA, Visconti PE, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Coy P. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) of paternal origin is necessary for the success of in vitro but not of in vivo fertilisation in the mouse. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:433-442. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its fibrinolytic function, the plasminogen–plasmin (PLG–PLA) system is also involved in fertilisation, where plasminogen activators bind to plasminogen to produce plasmin, which modulates sperm binding to the zona pellucida. However, controversy exists, depending on the species, concerning the role of the different components of the system. This study focused its attention on the role of the PLG–PLA system on fertilisation in the mouse with special attention to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The presence of exogenous plasminogen reduced invitro fertilisation (IVF) rates and this decline was attenuated by the presence of plasmin inhibitors in combination with plasminogen. The incubation of spermatozoa with either oocytes or cumulus cells together with plasminogen did not change the acrosome reaction but reduced the number of spermatozoa attached. When spermatozoa from tPA−/− mice were used, the IVF rate decreased drastically, although the addition of exogenous tPA during gamete co-incubation under invitro conditions increased fertilisation success. Moreover, fertility could not be restored after invivo insemination of tPA−/− spermatozoa in the female ampulla, although tPA−/− males were able to fertilise invivo. This study suggests a regulatory role of the PLG–PLA system during fertilisation in the mouse with possible implications in human reproduction clinics, such as failures in tPA production, which could be partially resolved by the addition of exogenous tPA during IVF treatment.
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7
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Grande G, Milardi D, Baroni S, Luca G, Pontecorvi A. Identification of seminal markers of male accessory gland inflammation: From molecules to proteome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12992. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grande
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”; Rome Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”; Rome Italy
| | - Domenico Milardi
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”; Rome Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”; Rome Italy
| | - Silvia Baroni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”; Rome Italy
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8
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Martinez-Soto JC, Landeras J, Mollá M, Mondejar I, Nicolás M, Fernández-Olmedilla L, Trabalón M, Coy P, Gadea J. Total urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) levels in seminal plasma are associated with positive assisted reproductive technology outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1091-1101. [PMID: 29572694 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The plasminogen/plasmin system is an important extracellular protease system whose function has been implicated in male reproductive function. However, its clinical relevance to fertility in human assisted reproduction technologies has not been systematically investigated. Here, we examined whether total and active populations of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa are predictive of pregnancy outcome in couples undergoing insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS Seminal samples from 182 men, 5 donors, 21 patients attending the clinic for infertility screening, and 156 for assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatment (insemination and ICSI), were evaluated. Total uPA in seminal plasma and spermatozoa as well as active uPA in seminal plasma were measured by ELISA. Sperm quality parameters and fertility outcomes following insemination or ICSI were correlated with the uPA values. RESULTS Active uPA in seminal plasma was positively correlated to the volume of the ejaculate, total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, and total motility. However, these values were not prognostic of fertility outcomes. Total uPA in spermatozoa was inversely related to sperm concentration, total sperm in ejaculate, morphology, and total and progressive motility, and this measure was not related to fertility. Importantly, however, higher values of total uPA in seminal plasma were detected in cases that resulted in pregnancy compared to those that did not follow insemination and ICSI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings lay the foundation for further understanding the mechanism by which total uPA in seminal plasma affects fertility and how this marker can be used as a predictor of ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Martinez-Soto
- IVI Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Landeras
- IVI Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Mollá
- IVI Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Mondejar
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Coy
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gadea
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Altıner Ş, Klammt J, Bernhard MK, Schuster V, Karabulut HG. Type I plasminogen deficiency with unexpected clinical aspects: Could be more than coexistence? COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1334317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Şule Altıner
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara TR 06100, Turkey
| | - Jürgen Klammt
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Volker Schuster
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Halil Gürhan Karabulut
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara TR 06100, Turkey
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10
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Protein pathways working in human follicular fluid: the future for tailored IVF? Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e9. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human follicular fluid (HFF) contains molecules and proteins that may affect follicle growth, oocyte maturation and competence acquiring. Despite the numerous studies, an integrated broad overview on biomolecular and patho/physiological processes that are proved or supposed to take place in HFF during folliculogenesis and oocyte development is still missing. In this review we report, for the first time, all the proteins unambiguously detected in HFF and, applying DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) and MetaCore bioinformatic resources, we shed new lights on their functional correlation, delineating protein patterns and pathways with reasonable potentialities for oocyte quality estimation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) programs. Performing a rigorous PubMed search, we redacted a list of 617 unique proteins unambiguously-annotated as HFF components. Their functional processing suggested the occurrence in HFF of a tight and highly dynamic functional-network, which is balanced by specific effectors, primarily involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling, inflammation and coagulation. Metalloproteinases, thrombin and vitamin-D-receptor/retinoid-X-receptor-alpha resulted as the main key factors in the nets and their differential activity may be indicative of ovarian health and oocyte quality. Despite future accurate clinical investigations are absolutely needed, the present analysis may provide a starting point for more accurate oocyte quality estimation and for defining personalised therapies in reproductive medicine.
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11
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Autilio C, Morelli R, Milardi D, Grande G, Marana R, Pontecorvi A, Zuppi C, Baroni S. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a putative marker of male accessory gland inflammation. Andrology 2015; 3:1054-61. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Autilio
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - R. Morelli
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - D. Milardi
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI” of Research on Human Fertility and Infertility; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - G. Grande
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI” of Research on Human Fertility and Infertility; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - R. Marana
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI” of Research on Human Fertility and Infertility; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - A. Pontecorvi
- Department of Endocrinology; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - C. Zuppi
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
| | - S. Baroni
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; “A. Gemelli” Hospital; Catholic University; Rome Italy
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12
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Rijlaarsdam MA, Tax DMJ, Gillis AJM, Dorssers LCJ, Koestler DC, de Ridder J, Looijenga LHJ. Genome wide DNA methylation profiles provide clues to the origin and pathogenesis of germ cell tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122146. [PMID: 25859847 PMCID: PMC4479500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell of origin of the five subtypes (I-V) of germ cell tumors (GCTs) are assumed to be germ cells from different maturation stages. This is (potentially) reflected in their methylation status as fetal maturing primordial germ cells are globally demethylated during migration from the yolk sac to the gonad. Imprinted regions are erased in the gonad and later become uniparentally imprinted according to fetal sex. Here, 91 GCTs (type I-IV) and four cell lines were profiled (Illumina’s HumanMethylation450BeadChip). Data was pre-processed controlling for cross hybridization, SNPs, detection rate, probe-type bias and batch effects. The annotation was extended, covering snRNAs/microRNAs, repeat elements and imprinted regions. A Hidden Markov Model-based genome segmentation was devised to identify differentially methylated genomic regions. Methylation profiles allowed for separation of clusters of non-seminomas (type II), seminomas/dysgerminomas (type II), spermatocytic seminomas (type III) and teratomas/dermoid cysts (type I/IV). The seminomas, dysgerminomas and spermatocytic seminomas were globally hypomethylated, in line with previous reports and their demethylated precursor. Differential methylation and imprinting status between subtypes reflected their presumed cell of origin. Ovarian type I teratomas and dermoid cysts showed (partial) sex specific uniparental maternal imprinting. The spermatocytic seminomas showed uniparental paternal imprinting while testicular teratomas exhibited partial imprinting erasure. Somatic imprinting in type II GCTs might indicate a cell of origin after global demethylation but before imprinting erasure. This is earlier than previously described, but agrees with the totipotent/embryonic stem cell like potential of type II GCTs and their rare extra-gonadal localization. The results support the common origin of the type I teratomas and show strong similarity between ovarian type I teratomas and dermoid cysts. In conclusion, we identified specific and global methylation differences between GCT subtypes, providing insight into their developmental timing and underlying developmental biology. Data and extended annotation are deposited at GEO (GSE58538 and GPL18809).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M. J. Tax
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Intelligent Systems—Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Technical University of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J. M. Gillis
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lambert C. J. Dorssers
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jeroen de Ridder
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Intelligent Systems—Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Technical University of Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert H. J. Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Lee SH, Gupta MK, Ho YT, Kim T, Lee HT. Transgenic chickens expressing human urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2396-403. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stilley JAW, Birt JA, Sharpe-Timms KL. Cellular and molecular basis for endometriosis-associated infertility. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 349:849-62. [PMID: 22298022 PMCID: PMC3429772 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells growing in the extra-uterine environment. The disease afflicts 10%–15% of menstruating women causing debilitating pain and infertility. Endometriosis appears to affect every part of a woman’s reproductive system including ovarian function, oocyte quality, embryo development and implantation, uterine function and the endocrine system choreographing the reproductive process and results in infertility or spontaneous pregnancy loss. Current treatments are laden with menopausal-like side effects and many cause cessation or chemical alteration of the reproductive cycle, neither of which is conducive to achieving a pregnancy. However, despite the prevalence, physical and psychological tolls and health care costs, a cure for endometriosis has not yet been found. We hypothesize that endometriosis causes infertility via multifaceted mechanisms that are intricately interwoven thereby contributing to our lack of understanding of this disease process. Identifying and understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for endometriosis-associated infertility might help unravel the confounding multiplicities of infertility and provide insights into novel therapeutic approaches and potentially curative treatments for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A W Stilley
- Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, 65212, USA
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Coy P, Jiménez-Movilla M, García-Vázquez FA, Mondéjar I, Grullón L, Romar R. Oocytes use the plasminogen-plasmin system to remove supernumerary spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:1985-93. [PMID: 22556378 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the plasminogen-plasmin (PLG-PLA) system in fertilization is unknown, although its dysfunction has been associated with subfertility in humans. We have recently detected and quantified plasminogen in the oviductal fluid of two mammals and showed a reduction in sperm penetration during IVF when plasminogen is present. The objective of this study was to describe the mechanism by which PLG-PLA system regulates sperm entry into the oocyte. METHODS AND RESULTS By combining biochemical, functional, electron microscopic, immunocytochemical and live cell imaging methods, we show here that (i) plasminogen is activated into the protease plasmin, by gamete interaction; (ii) urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators are present in oocytes, but they are not of cortical granule origin; (iii) sperm binding to oocytes triggers the releasing of plasminogen activators and (iv) the generated plasmin causes sperm detachment from the zona pellucida. CONCLUSIONS Our results describe a novel mechanism for the success or failure of fertilization in mammals, by which molecules present in the oviductal environment are activated by molecules originating within the gametes. We anticipate that therapeutic up- or down-regulation of this physiological mechanism may be used to help in conception or as a contraceptive tool. Since components of the PLG-PLA system are already available as drugs for heart attacks or cancer therapies, basic research on this novel function would be rapidly transferable for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Coy
- Physiology of Reproduction Group, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Murcia 30071, Spain.
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Mondéjar I, Grullón LA, García-Vázquez FA, Romar R, Coy P. Fertilization outcome could be regulated by binding of oviductal plasminogen to oocytes and by releasing of plasminogen activators during interplay between gametes. Fertil Steril 2011; 97:453-61. [PMID: 22177313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect plasminogen and plasminogen activators (PA) in oviduct and oocytes and to clarify the role of the plasminogen/plasmin system on mammalian fertilization. DESIGN Experimental prospective study. SETTING Mammalian reproduction research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Oviducts and ovaries from porcine and bovine females were collected at slaughterhouse. A total of 52 oviducts and 2,292 oocytes were used. Boar and bull ejaculated spermatozoa were also used. INTERVENTION(S) Plasminogen concentration in oviductal fluid (OF) through the cycle was measured. Immunolocalization of plasminogen and PAs in oocytes was carried out before and after fertilization. Porcine and bovine oocytes were in vitro fertilized, with plasminogen and plasmin added to the culture medium at different concentrations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Plasminogen concentration in OF. Plasminogen and PAs immunolocalization in oocytes. Penetration and monospermy rates, number of spermatozoa in the ooplasma and on the zona pellucida (ZP) after IVF. RESULT(S) Oviductal fluid contains about 92 μg/mL of plasminogen. The mature oocyte shows immunoreactivity toward plasminogen and toward PAs on its oolemma and ZP. After fertilization, plasminogen and PAs immunolabeling decreases in the oocyte, suggesting its conversion into plasmin. When exogenous plasminogen is added to the IVF medium, sperm entry into the oocyte is hampered, suggesting that the role of plasminogen activation during fertilization is to reduce the number of (or to select) penetrating spermatozoa. CONCLUSION(S) The plasminogen/plasmin system is activated during gamete interaction and regulates the sperm entry into the oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mondéjar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Bajaj MS, Ogueli GI, Kumar Y, Vadivel K, Lawson G, Shanker S, Schmidt AE, Bajaj SP. Engineering kunitz domain 1 (KD1) of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 to selectively inhibit fibrinolysis: properties of KD1-L17R variant. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4329-40. [PMID: 21115497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.191163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) inhibits factor XIa, plasma kallikrein, and factor VIIa/tissue factor; accordingly, it has been proposed for use as an anticoagulant. Full-length TFPI-2 or its isolated first Kunitz domain (KD1) also inhibits plasmin; therefore, it has been proposed for use as an antifibrinolytic agent. However, the anticoagulant properties of TFPI-2 or KD1 would diminish its antifibrinolytic function. In this study, structure-based investigations and analysis of the serine protease profiles revealed that coagulation enzymes prefer a hydrophobic residue at the P2' position in their substrates/inhibitors, whereas plasmin prefers a positively charged arginine residue at the corresponding position in its substrates/inhibitors. Based upon this observation, we changed the P2' residue Leu-17 in KD1 to Arg (KD1-L17R) and compared its inhibitory properties with wild-type KD1 (KD1-WT). Both WT and KD1-L17R were expressed in Escherichia coli, folded, and purified to homogeneity. N-terminal sequences and mass spectra confirmed proper expression of KD1-WT and KD1-L17R. Compared with KD1-WT, the KD1-L17R did not inhibit factor XIa, plasma kallikrein, or factor VIIa/tissue factor. Furthermore, KD1-L17R inhibited plasmin with ∼6-fold increased affinity and effectively prevented plasma clot fibrinolysis induced by tissue plasminogen activator. Similarly, in a mouse liver laceration bleeding model, KD1-L17R was ∼8-fold more effective than KD1-WT in preventing blood loss. Importantly, in this bleeding model, KD1-L17R was equally or more effective than aprotinin or tranexamic acid, which have been used as antifibrinolytic agents to prevent blood loss during major surgery/trauma. Furthermore, as compared with aprotinin, renal toxicity was not observed with KD1-L17R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu S Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Zervos IA, Lavrentiadou SN, Tsantarliotou MP, Georgiadis MP, Kokolis NA, Taitzoglou IA. Seasonal Variation of Plasminogen Activator Activity in Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma of Boar, Buck, Bull and Stallion. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:e440-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01597.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Role of the plasminogen activation system in extracellular matrix degradation processes in normal or pathological conditions in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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