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Isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of human retinol binding protein 4 in serum. Anal Biochem 2022; 645:114589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Lingaiah S, Morin-Papunen L, Piltonen T, Sundström-Poromaa I, Stener-Victorin E, Tapanainen JS. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:709-717. [PMID: 31051472 PMCID: PMC6547302 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipokine thought to affect systemic insulin sensitivity, were compared between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS controls to evaluate the association of RBP4 with clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters of PCOS. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum RBP4 levels were analysed in 278 women with PCOS (age range 18-57 years) and 191 non-PCOS controls (age 20-53 years) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum levels of RBP4 were increased in women with PCOS compared with control women in the whole population (45.1 ± 24.0 (s.d.) vs 33.5 ± 18.3 mg/L, P < 0.001). Age-stratified analysis showed that serum RBP4 levels were increased in women with PCOS aged ≤30 years compared with controls (47.7 ± 23.5 vs 27.1 ± 10.4 mg/L, P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were seen in the other age groups. No significant correlations of RBP4 were seen with either steroids or indices of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Although serum RBP4 levels were increased in younger women with PCOS compared with age-matched non-PCOS controls, RBP4 does not seem to be a good marker of insulin resistance or other metabolic derangements in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Lingaiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence should be addressed to J S Tapanainen:
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Czeczuga-Semeniuk E, Galar M, Jarząbek K, Kozłowski P, Sarosiek NA, Wołczyński S. The preliminary association study of ADIPOQ, RBP4, and BCMO1 variants with polycystic ovary syndrome and with biochemical characteristics in a cohort of Polish women. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:242-248. [PMID: 29428584 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to elucidate the frequency of the SNPs in the ADIPOQ, RBP4 and BCMO1genes in a population of Caucasian Polish women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to evaluate the possible associations between these variants and the susceptibility to PCOS. Additionally, the relationship of these polymorphisms to a clinical phenotype of this syndrome, and the concentrations of adipokines, were determined. MATERIALS/METHODS Clinical and biochemical profiles, DNA isolation and genotyping, and adipokine assays were performed in 294 PCOS women and 78 controls. RESULTS In a cohort of Polish women, for the genotype distribution and allele frequencies (minor allele frequency - MAF) proved that only the SNP rs1501299 in the gene ADIPOQ (P = 0.0010, OR = 0.41, 95% C.I.:0.24-0.70) and rs7501331 in the gene BCMO1 (P = 0.0106, OR = 0.24, 95% C.I.:0.21-0.71), are significantly associated (the latter marginally significant) with the decrease of the risk of the disease. Also for this SNPs there were significant differences in the genotypic frequencies in the study population. There was a link between rs12934922 of BCMO1 gen and serum concentration of RBP4 (P = 0.034) and adiponectin (P = 0.038) in the study group but not in the control group. The elevated mean serum concentration of cholesterol (P = 0.020) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.005) was observed for GG rs1501299 genotype and triglycerides (P = 0.028) for TT rs2241766 genotype. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that the genes variants RBP4 is not associated with PCO. It seems that rs1501299 of ADIPOQ gene influences the occurrence of PCO and lipids profile in those patients.
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Li Q, Wu W, Lin H, Chang X, Bian H, Xia M, Yan H, Gao X. Serum retinol binding protein 4 is negatively related to estrogen in Chinese women with obesity: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 26960804 PMCID: PMC4784408 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) and obesity is still controversial. Serum RBP4 levels varies by gender, and estradiol may play a role in the difference. To investigate the participation of sex hormones in the association of RBP4 and obesity in humans, we measured serum RBP4, BMI, and sex hormones in 87 women from the outpatient. METHODS Eighty-seven subjects of Chinese women origin from the outpatient (aged 40.22 ± 15.54 years) were enrolled. Subjects with diseases affecting the metabolic state or not suitable to participate in this study were excluded. Anthropometrics and laboratory tests, including lipid profile, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2),progesterone (PROG), testosterone (TESTO), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were conducted. Serum RBP4 was detected by an enzyme immunoassay kit and validated by quantitative Western blotting. RESULTS Circulating RBP4 levels were positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), and testosterone (TESTO) in the total group. While only in obese individuals, serum RBP4 levels were negatively associated with E2. The highest value was in the subjects with both obesity and the low estrogen level. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that RBP4 correlated independently with TG, TC and insulin in all subjects, TC in non- obese individuals. However, E2 were significantly associated with serum RBP4 only in obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS RBP4 could be a marker of obesity-related factors; estrogen was negatively related to RBP4 and might be one of the influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiyun Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huandong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Jia J, Bai J, Liu Y, Yin J, Yang P, Yu S, Ye J, Wang D, Yuan G. Association between retinol-binding protein 4 and polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2014; 61:995-1002. [PMID: 25069671 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have examined the association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the results have been inconsistent. To investigate the association between RBP4 and PCOS, we performed a meta-analysis. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, the ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify all of the studies that examined the relationship between circulating RBP4 levels and PCOS. Standard mean difference (SMD) values and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology. A total of seven studies were involved in the meta-analysis, which included a total of 636 subjects (260 controls and 376 patients with PCOS). The RBP4 level was higher in PCOS patients than in non-PCOS patients (random effects MD (95% CI)=0.69, [0.20, 1.18], P=0.006). However, the RBP4 level was not higher in nonobese PCOS patients than in nonobese controls (random effects MD (95% CI)=0.38, [-0.21, 0.98], P=0.20). The effect size revealed that the RBP4 level was higher in overweight or obese PCOS patients than weight-matched controls (fixed effects MD (95% CI)=7.95, [5.96, 9.93], P<0.05). In the subgroup analysis by region, the RBP4 level was higher in PCOS patients in Asia than controls (random effects MD (95% CI)=0.85, [0.54, 1.15], P<0.05), but not in European PCOS patients compared with controls (random effects MD (95% CI)=0.34, [-1.12, 1.80], P=0.65). This subgroup analysis also showed that nonobese PCOS patients have higher RBP4 levels than controls in Asia. Our meta-analysis results indicated that RBP4 might be a useful tool for identifying PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jia
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
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Are plasma levels of visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) associated with body mass, metabolic and hormonal disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 162:55-61. [PMID: 22397743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sopher AB, Gerken AT, Blaner WS, Root JM, McMahon DJ, Oberfield SE. Metabolic manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome in nonobese adolescents: retinol-binding protein 4 and ectopic fat deposition. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1009-15. [PMID: 22341881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether nonobese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and ectopic fat than controls and whether RBP4 and ectopic fat correlate with comorbidities of metabolic disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional case-control study. SETTING Pediatric clinical research center based in a quaternary care medical center. PATIENT(S) Twenty-four nonobese adolescents between the ages of 13 and 21 years, 13 with PCOS and 11 controls. INTERVENTION(S) Measurement of RBP4, insulin resistance, lipids, and body composition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Retinol-binding protein 4, reproductive and adrenal hormones, insulin resistance, intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid levels, and visceral adipose tissue. RESULT(S) Adolescents with PCOS had higher intrahepatic lipid content and a statistical trend for higher RBP4 compared with controls. Retinol-binding protein 4 correlated with body fat, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and androgens but not intrahepatic lipid content; however, when adjusted for body fat, the correlation between RBP4 and triglycerides weakened to a statistical trend and was no longer statistically significant for the other measures. CONCLUSION(S) This small preliminary study of nonobese adolescent girls suggests that RBP4 may be involved in the dyslipidemia associated with PCOS and that there may be an independent relationship between RBP4 and triglycerides but not between RBP4 and insulin resistance. Although intrahepatic lipid content was higher in PCOS, it did not correlate with RBP4, triglycerides, or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva B Sopher
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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Mellati AA, Sharifi F, Sajadinejad M, Sohrabi D, Mazloomzadeh S. The relationship between retinol-binding protein 4 levels, insulin resistance, androgen hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 72:39-44. [PMID: 22023042 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.626071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 4 (RPB4), a 21-kDa peptide, is a recently identified adipokine that may contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to explore the association between serum RBP4 levels, androgen hormones and insulin resistance (IR) in women with PCOS. METHODS In this case-control study, 75 PCOS patients and 53 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects referred to the Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center were enrolled. Serum RBP4 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMI, waist circumference (WC), fasting levels of glucose, lipid profiles and insulin were also measured. A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was used to determine the level of insulin resistance. RESULTS PCOS cases had significantly higher serum RBP4 and insulin levels than control subjects (44130 ± 12760 vs. 32980 ± 9560 μg/L, p < 0.001, and 11790 ± 11480 vs. 7890 ± 4300 μU/L, p < 0.05, respectively), in univariable analysis. RBP4 showed a positive correlation with serum testosterone (r = 0.62, p < 0.0001), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (r = 0.45, p < 0.0001) and the waist circumference (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) of PCOS patients but not with other measured clinical and biochemical variables. However, no correlation was observed between serum RBP4 levels and HOMA-IR in all studied subjects. A final logistic regression analysis demonstrated that testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are independently associated with PCOS. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that RBP4 is not independently associated with PCOS. The elevation of RBP4 levels in PCOS women might be influenced by androgen hormones. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Awsat Mellati
- Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Yildizhan R, Ilhan GA, Yildizhan B, Kolusari A, Adali E, Bugdayci G. Serum retinol-binding protein 4, leptin, and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in obese and nonobese young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:246-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cakal E, Ozkaya M, Engin-Ustun Y, Ustun Y. Serum lipocalin-2 as an insulin resistance marker in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:97-100. [PMID: 20511727 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate levels of lipocalin-2 and its relationship with metabolic factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, two groups of women were studied: group 1 consisted of women with PCOS (no.=30), and group 2 consisted of control women with normal ovulatory function (no.=30). The circulating levels of free testosterone (T), DHEAS, glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), HDL, LDL and lipocalin were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). In order to determine a lipocalin value indicating insulin resistance, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established. RESULTS Serum lipocalin was significantly higher in PCOS subjects (54.26 ± 15.58 vs 26.09 ± 7.47 ng/ml, p=0.0001).We found a close correlation between lipocalin and insulin, lipocalin and HOMA-IR, lipocalin and T, and lipocalin and DHEAS. A cut-off level of >39.54 ng/ml for serum lipocalin has a predictive value for insulin resistance of 81% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity. CONCLUSION In our study, lipocalin-2 levels were found to be significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to body mass index-matched controls. Serum lipocalin-2 may prove to be a useful marker for insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology, Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Sopher AB, Gerken AT, Lee EJ, Blaner WE, Deeds S, Gallagher D, Shungu DC, Mao X, Hassoun A, Mahon DJM, Oberfield SE. Retinol-binding protein 4 correlates with triglycerides but not insulin resistance in prepubertal children with and without premature adrenarche. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:683-7. [PMID: 22145457 PMCID: PMC3646629 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been proposed as an early marker for insulin resistance (IR), but no prior studies have addressed RBP4 in an exclusively prepubertal population. Children with premature adrenarche (PA) are at increased risk for IR and metabolic syndrome (MeS); thus finding an appropriate early marker for IR in this population would allow for early intervention and prevention of morbidity related to IR and MeS. OBJECTIVE To determine whether prepubertal children with PA have higher levels of RBP4 than controls and whether RBP4 correlates with comorbidities of metabolic disease in prepubertal children. SUBJECTS This study comprised 49 prepubertal children (24 with PA and 25 control subjects), 20 boys and 29 girls, who were between the ages of 5 and 9 years. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, case-control study conducted in a subspecialty ambulatory clinic based in a quaternary care center. RBP4 levels, hormonal values, lipids, and response to an oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated in children with PA and controls, and body composition measures were obtained in a subset of patients (n = 18). RESULTS RBP4 correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.57, p < 0.0001) but did not correlate with IR in a body mass index z-score-adjusted Pearson correlation analysis. There was no difference in RBP4 levels between the PA and control groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that RBP4 may be an early marker of dyslipidemia, which may herald future onset of hepatic IR, polycystic ovary syndrome, and MeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva B Sopher
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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