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Giannubilo SR, Marzioni D, Tossetta G, Montironi R, Meccariello ML, Ciavattini A. The "Bad Father": Paternal Role in Biology of Pregnancy and in Birth Outcome. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:165. [PMID: 38534435 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is generally studied as a biological interaction between a mother and a fetus; however, the father, with his characteristics, lifestyle, genetics, and living environment, is by no means unrelated to the outcome of pregnancy. The half of the fetal genetic heritage of paternal derivation can be decisive in cases of inherited chromosomal disorders, and can be the result of de novo genetic alterations. In addition to the strictly pathological aspects, paternal genetics may transmit thrombophilic traits that affect the implantation and vascular construction of the feto-placental unit, lead to placenta-mediated diseases such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation, and contribute to the multifactorial genesis of preterm delivery. Biological aspects of immunological tolerance to paternal antigens also appear to be crucial for these pathologies. Finally, this review describes the biological findings by which the environment, exposure to pathogens, lifestyle, and nutritional style of the father affect fetal pathophysiological and epigenetic definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ramona Montironi
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Liberata Meccariello
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
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Giannubilo SR, Fiorelli A, Marzioni D, Tossetta G, Capogrosso G, Ciavattini A. Maternal Inherited Thrombophilia in Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy with Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237054. [PMID: 36498629 PMCID: PMC9736336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the frequency of inherited thrombophilia in monochorionic twin pregnancies with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). METHODS At the Department of Obstetrics of the Polytechnic University of Marche (Ancona, Italy) a population of monochorionic diamniotic pregnant women was selected retrospectively. After termination of the pregnancy, genotyping for Factor I, Factor V Leiden, Factor II and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR), as well as activities of the plasma proteins C and S, was performed. RESULTS Regarding the 32 patients with TTTS, from a cohort of 104 monochorionic pregnancies recruited, at least one thrombophilic defect was more frequent (OR: 3.24), and the allele polymorphism frequency was higher for Factor I (OR: 4.4) and for Factor V Leiden (OR: 11.66). CONCLUSIONS Maternal inherited thrombophilia, possibly also inherited from monochorial fetuses, may result in impaired development of the placental vascular architecture. This inheritance hypothesis may explain why only a fraction of monochorionic diamniotic twins develop TTTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano R. Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Salesi Hospital, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-71-5962056
| | - Alessia Fiorelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Salesi Hospital, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 10/a, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto, 10/a, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Capogrosso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Salesi Hospital, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Salesi Hospital, Via Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, Italy
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Hwang KR, Choi YM, Kim JJ, Lee SK, Yang KM, Paik EC, Jeong HJ, Jun JK, Yoon SH, Hong MA. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms and Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: a Case-Control Study. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:2029-2034. [PMID: 29115087 PMCID: PMC5680504 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.12.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis is an essential part in early pregnancy. Mutations in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene lead to decreased activity of the enzyme and hyperhomocysteinemia, which then induces platelet aggregation by promoting endothelial oxidative damage, possibly resulting in adverse effect on maintenance of pregnancy. We investigated the role of MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), C677T and A1298C, in Korean patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We conducted a prospective case-control study in the Korean population. Subjects included 302 women with 2 or more consecutive, unexplained, spontaneous miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation and 315 control women without a history of recurrent miscarriages. The genotyping for C677T and A1298C polymorphisms was performed using the TaqMan assay. Continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test, and χ² test was used to evaluate differences in the genotype distributions between the RPL and the controls. The genotype distribution of both polymorphisms in the RPL group did not differ from those of the controls. For further analysis, if RPL patients were divided according to the numbers of pregnancy losses (≥ 2 and ≥ 3) neither group was significantly different compared with controls. MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are not associated with idiopathic RPL in Korean women, suggesting that those may not be susceptible allelic variants or be deficient to cause RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Ri Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang Moon Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chan Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang Cheil Women's Hospital, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Rachel Fertility Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min A Hong
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bellussi F, Contro E, Legnani C, Galletti S, Cosentino A, Rizzo N, Ghi T. Obstetric implications of fetal inherited thrombophilia in thrombophilic women. Pregnancy Hypertens 2014; 4:54-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hayashi Y, Sasaki H, Suzuki S, Nishiyama T, Kitaori T, Mizutani E, Suzumori N, Sugiura-Ogasawara M. Genotyping analyses for polymorphisms of ANXA5 gene in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1018-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Increased placental phospholipid levels in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3487-99. [PMID: 23389044 PMCID: PMC3588054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological pregnancy is associated with an increase in lipids from the first to the third trimester. This is a highly regulated response to satisfy energy and membrane demands of the developing fetus. Pregnancy disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, are associated with a dysregulation of lipid metabolism manifesting in increased maternal plasma lipid levels. In fetal placental tissue, only scarce information on the lipid profile is available, and data for gestational diseases are lacking. In the present study, we investigated the placental lipid content in control versus pre-eclamptic samples, with the focus on tissue phospholipid levels and composition. We found an increase in total phospholipid content as well as changes in individual phospholipid classes in pre-eclamptic placental tissues compared to controls. These alterations could be a source of placental pathological changes in pre-eclampsia, such as lipid peroxide insult or dysregulation of lipid transport across the syncytiotrophoblast.
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Ivanov P, Tsvyatkovska T, Konova E, Komsa-Penkova R. Inherited Thrombophilia and IVF Failure: The Impact of Coagulation Disorders On Implantation Process. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:189-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Settin A, Elshazli R, Salama A, ElBaz R. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:887-92. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Settin
- Genetics Unit, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afrah Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rizk ElBaz
- Genetics Unit, Mansoura University Children Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
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