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Tsolova AO, Aguilar RM, Maybin JA, Critchley HOD. Pre-clinical models to study abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104238. [PMID: 36081283 PMCID: PMC9465267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a common debilitating condition that significantly reduces quality of life of women across the reproductive age span. AUB creates significant morbidity, medical, social, and economic problems for women, their families, workplace, and health services. Despite the profoundly negative effects of AUB on public health, advancement in understanding the pathophysiology of AUB and the discovery of novel effective therapies is slow due to lack of reliable pre-clinical models. This review discusses currently available laboratory-based pre-clinical scientific models and how they are used to study AUB. Human and animal in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models will be described along with advantages and limitations of each method.
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Shtykalova SV, Egorova AA, Maretina MA, Freund SA, Baranov VS, Kiselev AV. Molecular Genetic Basis and Prospects of Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421090118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Britten JL, Malik M, Pekny C, DeAngelis A, Catherino WH. Three-dimensional human leiomyoma xenografts induce angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:219-227. [PMID: 35559755 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the method by which angiogenesis occurred in three-dimensional (3D) leiomyoma xenografts, and to assess the impact of hypoxia on two-dimensional (2D) and 3D myometrial and leiomyoma cells and leiomyoma xenografts in vivo. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Academic research. PATIENT(S) Cell cultures from patient-matched myometrial and leiomyoma tissues. INTERVENTION(S) In vivo 3D leiomyoma xenografts from ovariectomized mice treated with gonadal hormones; myometrial and leiomyoma cells in 2D and 3D growth formats exposed to 1% oxygen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Protein expression. RESULT(S) Blood vessels in the xenograft estradiol group are identified with anti-mouse/anti-rat CD31/PECAM-1 antibody. Hormone-stimulated 3D leiomyoma xenografts stain positively for adrenomedullin (ADM). Myometrial cells exposed to 1% oxygen demonstrated an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α at 6 hours and a marked increase at 24 hours. Under normoxic conditions, leiomyoma cells at 6 hours show increased expression of HIF-1α, which is further increased at 24 hours. Leiomyoma cells under hypoxia demonstrated a 1.14-fold decrease in HIF-1α expression at 6 hours and no change at 24 hours. Hypoxic myometrium decreased the proangiogenic protein ADM expression at 6 hours and showed a >1.5-fold increase at 24 hours. Normoxic leiomyoma decrease ADM at 24 hours and showed a >1.5-fold increase at 24 hours of hypoxia. CONCLUSION(S) Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression facilitates angiogenesis in 3D xenografts in vivo by increasing the expression of the proangiogenic protein ADM. Angiogenesis contributes to the viability and extended survival of these xenografts. Furthermore, 2D myometrial and leiomyoma cells increase HIF-1α and ADM expression in vitro under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy L Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carissa Pekny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony DeAngelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Malik M, Britten J, Catherino WH. Development and Validation of Hormonal Impact of a Mouse Xenograft Model for Human Uterine Leiomyoma. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1304-1317. [PMID: 32016804 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple in vivo animal models for uterine leiomyoma do not adequately represent human disease based on etiology, molecular phenotype, or limited fixed life span. Our objective was to develop a xenograft model with sustained growth, by transplanting a well-established actively growing three-dimensional (3D) cell culture of human leiomyoma and myometrium in NOD/SCID ovariectomized female mice. We demonstrated continued growth to at least 12 weeks and the overexpression of extracellular matrix (ECM). Further, we confirmed maintenance of hormonal response that is comparable to human disease in situ. Leiomyoma xenografts under hormonal treatment demonstrated 8 to12-fold increase of volume over the xenografts not treated with hormones. Estradiol-treated xenografts were more cellular as compared to progesterone or combination milieu, at the end of 8-week time frame. There was also a non-statistically significant 2-4 mm3 increase in volume between 8-week and 12-week xenografts with higher matrix to cell ratio in 12-week xenografts compared to the 8-week and placebo xenografts. Increased expression of ECM proteins, fibronectin, versican, and collagens, indicated an actively growing cell matrix formation in the xenografts. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a xenograft in vivo model for uterine leiomyoma that shares the genomic and proteomic characteristics with the human surgical specimens of origin and recapitulates the most important features of the human tumors, the aberrant ECM expression that defines the leiomyoma phenotype and gonadal hormone regulation. Using this model, we demonstrated that combination of estradiol and progesterone resulted in increased cellularity and ECM production leading to growth of the xenograft tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Joy Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Building A, Room 3082, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Darii N, Anton E, Doroftei B, Ciobica A, Maftei R, Anton SC, Mostafa T. Iatrogenic parasitic myoma and iatrogenic adenomyoma after laparoscopic morcellation: A mini-review. J Adv Res 2019; 20:1-8. [PMID: 31080671 PMCID: PMC6505034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopy is widely recognized as a procedure of choice for gynaecological surgery. Myomectomy and hysterectomy are the most frequently performed surgical procedures in gynaecology. A morcellator is often used in myomectomies or subtotal hysterectomies, but morcellation may cause rare complications, such as parasitic iatrogenic myoma or adenomyoma. To improve patient counselling, proper risk estimation as well as risk factor identification should be acknowledged. This article aimed to review the literature on parasitic myoma and adenomyoma and to compare these diseases in terms of clinical, surgical, and prognostic factors. All published literature (case series and case reports) on iatrogenic myoma and adenomyoma was reviewed using PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect resources. Despite both conditions having an iatrogenic origin, iatrogenic parasitic myoma and adenomyoma are two different entities in terms of clinical manifestations as well as intraoperative particularities, with a common point: iatrogenic complication. A possible solution to avoid these iatrogenic complications is by using in-bag morcellation or switching to another surgical procedure (e.g., a vaginal or abdominal approach). It is concluded that parasitic myoma and iatrogenic adenomyoma are two different iatrogenic morcellator-related complications. In patients with a history of uterus or myoma morcellation who report pelvic symptoms, iatrogenic parasitic myoma or adenomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Darii
- Department of Gynecology, Cuza Voda Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacology Gr T Popa, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emil Anton
- Department of Gynecology, Cuza Voda Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacology Gr T Popa, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Doroftei
- Department of Gynecology, Cuza Voda Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacology Gr T Popa, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Research, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I, 700506, no 11, Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Maftei
- Department of Gynecology, Cuza Voda Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacology Gr T Popa, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorana C. Anton
- “Grigore T.Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saray Street, El Manial Cairo 11956, Egypt
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Suzuki Y, Ii M, Saito T, Terai Y, Tabata Y, Ohmichi M, Asahi M. Establishment of a novel mouse xenograft model of human uterine leiomyoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8872. [PMID: 29891843 PMCID: PMC5995841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumour in women, and an appropriate animal model for leiomyoma would be useful for exploring new therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we have been challenged to develop a new simple mouse model for human leiomyoma. Leiomyoma tissues were harvested from myomas resected by different surgical procedures with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment and were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice with an estradiol/progesterone-releasing pellet. The implanted leiomyoma tissues that were obtained from the marginal site of large myomas resected by abdominal myomectomy with GnRHa treatment exhibited sufficient tumour growth in the transplanted mice. The leiomyomas that were treated with GnRHa highly expressed the estrogen/progesterone receptor genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb), which suggests that these factors are critical in the establishment of a mouse model of growing leiomyoma. As a result, this model will be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Terai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Huang BS, Yang MH, Wang PH, Li HY, Chou TY, Chen YJ. Oestrogen-induced angiogenesis and implantation contribute to the development of parasitic myomas after laparoscopic morcellation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:64. [PMID: 27716434 PMCID: PMC5053344 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iatrogenic parasitic myomas (PMs), caused by intra-corporeal power morcellation during laparoscopy is gradually increasing. However, the pathogenesis and medical treatment of PMs remain largely unelucidated. METHODS Laparoscopically-induced PM xenografted mouse model was conducted by xenografting human uterine myoma fragments into the abdominal cavity of SCID mice and hormonal manipulation was performed using this mouse model to demonstrate the role of oestrogen in the development of implanted PMs. Immunohistochemistry of oestrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), vimentin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), microvessel density (MVD) and Ki-67 index was performed and compared. RESULTS In the patient with PMs, ERα, PR, angiogenesis and proliferative property expression were upregulated in PM lesions compared to uterine myomas. In the laparoscopically-induced PM mouse model, implanted myomas had more steroid receptor expressions, angiogenesis and proliferative property compared with pre-xenografted or non-implanted myoma. Depletion of oestrogen in the ovariectomized (OVX) mice decreased laparoscopically-induced PM implantations. In comparison, the implantations of PMs were increased with additional E2 supplement. Hormonal manipulation in the PM mouse model, including AI, GnRHa and SERM groups, were compared and AI significantly decreased the implantations, steroid receptor, angiogenesis, cell density, and proliferative index of PMs compared with control group. Furthermore, GnRHa significantly decreased VEGF and MVD expressions compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the crucial role of oestrogen in the development of laparoscopically-induced PMs and suggest that hormone manipulation may be a potential therapeutic agent. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was approved by the Human and Animal Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital ( VGHIRB No 2014-10-002C on Nov. 17th, 2014; IACUC 2014-119 on Aug. 22nd, 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Shian Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, No.169, Siaoshe Road, Yilan, 260 Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
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García-Pascual CM, Ferrero H, Juarez I, Martínez J, Villanueva A, Pozuelo-Rubio M, Soengas M, Tormo D, Simón C, Gómez R, Pellicer A. Evaluation of the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of a double-stranded RNA mimic complexed with polycations in an experimental mouse model of leiomyoma. Fertil Steril 2015; 105:529-38. [PMID: 26616441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of the double-stranded RNA mimic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (pIC) complexed with polyethylenimine [pIC(PEI)] in xenografted human leiomyomas. DESIGN Heterologous leiomyoma mouse model. SETTING University-affiliated infertility center. ANIMAL(S) Ovariectomized and hormone-replaced nude mice (n = 16) who received human leiomyoma fragment transplantation. INTERVENTION(S) Leiomyoma fragments placed in the peritoneum of 5-week-old nude female mice and treated with the vehicle (n = 8) or 0.6 mg/kg [pIC(PEI)] (n = 8) for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The size of the leiomyoma implants, and cellular proliferation (Ki67), vascularization (PECAM), and apoptosis (OH-ends) assessed by quantitative immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent analysis of the recovered implants. RESULT(S) No significant differences were observed in the size of the leiomyoma implants between groups. Vascularization and proliferation were significantly decreased, and apoptosis was increased in the [pIC(PEI)]-treated group versus control. CONCLUSION(S) We hypothesize that the antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects exerted by [pIC(PEI)] might lead to a decrease in lesion size in this animal model if the compound is administered for longer periods of time. This study provides promising data on [pIC(PEI)] as a potential novel therapeutic agent against human leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maria García-Pascual
- Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Fundación IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Hortensia Ferrero
- Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Fundación IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Irene Juarez
- Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Universitario y politécnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marisol Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (Spanish National Cancer Research Centre), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Simón
- Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Fundación IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain
| | - Raúl Gómez
- Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Fundación IVI, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain; Departamento de Ginecología, Hospital Universitario y politécnico la Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Commandeur AE, Styer AK, Teixeira JM. Epidemiological and genetic clues for molecular mechanisms involved in uterine leiomyoma development and growth. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:593-615. [PMID: 26141720 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are highly prevalent benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. In the USA, the lifetime risk for women developing uterine leiomyomas is estimated as up to 75%. Except for hysterectomy, most therapies or treatments often provide only partial or temporary relief and are not successful in every patient. There is a clear racial disparity in the disease; African-American women are estimated to be three times more likely to develop uterine leiomyomas and generally develop more severe symptoms. There is also familial clustering between first-degree relatives and twins, and multiple inherited syndromes in which fibroid development occurs. Leiomyomas have been described as clonal and hormonally regulated, but despite the healthcare burden imposed by the disease, the etiology of uterine leiomyomas remains largely unknown. The mechanisms involved in their growth are also essentially unknown, which has contributed to the slow progress in development of effective treatment options. METHODS A comprehensive PubMed search for and critical assessment of articles related to the epidemiological, biological and genetic clues for uterine leiomyoma development was performed. The individual functions of some of the best candidate genes are explained to provide more insight into their biological function and to interconnect and organize genes and pathways in one overarching figure that represents the current state of knowledge about uterine leiomyoma development and growth. RESULTS In this review, the widely recognized roles of estrogen and progesterone in uterine leiomyoma pathobiology on the basis of clinical and experimental data are presented. This is followed by fundamental aspects and concepts including the possible cellular origin of uterine fibroids. The central themes in the subsequent parts are cytogenetic aberrations in leiomyomas and the racial/ethnic disparities in uterine fibroid biology. Then, the attributes of various in vitro and in vivo, human syndrome, rodent xenograft, naturally mutant, and genetically modified models used to study possible molecular mechanisms of leiomyoma development and growth are described. Particular emphasis is placed on known links to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia and genes that are potentially important in these processes. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual cycle-related injury and repair and coinciding hormonal cycling appears to affect myometrial stem cells that, at a certain stage of fibroid development, often obtain cytogenetic aberrations and mutations of Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of proliferation, is activated in many of these tumors, possibly by mechanisms that are similar to some human fibrosis syndromes and/or by mutation of upstream tumor suppressor genes. Animal models of the disease support some of these dysregulated pathways in fibroid etiology or pathogenesis, but none are definitive. All of this suggests that there are likely several key mechanisms involved in the disease that, in addition to increasing the complexity of uterine fibroid pathobiology, offer possible approaches for patient-specific therapies. A final model that incorporates many of these reported mechanisms is presented with a discussion of their implications for leiomyoma clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno E Commandeur
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron K Styer
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, 4018A, Grand Rapids, MI, USA Department of Women's Health, Spectrum Health Systems, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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10
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Lemeer S, Gholami AM, Wu Z, Kuster B. Quantitative proteome profiling of human myoma and myometrium tissue reveals kinase expression signatures with potential for therapeutic intervention. Proteomics 2014; 15:356-64. [PMID: 25327614 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors affecting a large proportion of the female population. Despite the very high prevalence, the molecular basis for understanding the onset and development of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, we profiled the proteomes and kinomes of leiomyoma as well as myometrium samples from patients to a depth of >7000 proteins including 200 kinases. Statistical analysis identified a number of molecular signatures distinguishing healthy from diseased tissue. Among these, nine kinases (ADCK4, CDK5, CSNK2B, DDR1, EPHB1, MAP2K2, PRKCB, PRKG1, and RPS6KA5) representing a number of cellular signaling pathways showed particularly strong discrimination potential. Preliminary statistical analysis by receiver operator characteristics plots revealed very good performance for individual kinases (area under the curve, AUC of 0.70-0.94) as well as binary combinations thereof (AUC 0.70-1.00) that might be used to assess the activity of signaling pathways in myomas. Of note, the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 holds future potential as a drug target owing to its strong links to collagen signaling and the excessive formation of extracellular matrix typical for leiomyomas in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lemeer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, Freising, Germany
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11
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Wang G, Ishikawa H, Sone K, Kobayashi T, Kim JJ, Kurita T, Shozu M. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient murine xenograft model for human uterine leiomyoma. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1485-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Drosch M, Schmidt N, Markowski DN, Zollner TM, Koch M, Bullerdiek J. The CD24hi smooth muscle subpopulation is the predominant fraction in uterine fibroids. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:664-76. [PMID: 24657878 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecological tumors affecting women in their reproductive age. Despite this high incidence the pathogenesis of fibroids is widely unsolved. Whereas formerly only imbalances in hormonal levels were considered to account for tumor development, the identification of genetic changes likely to affect myometrial stem cell reservoirs provided a novel approach to fibroid genesis. Here, we identified a certain subset of cells by the surface marker CD24 with increased abundance in fibroids compared with myometrial tissue. Fibroid cells expressing CD24 shared certain features of immature or progenitor-like cells such as quiescence, reduced expression of smooth muscle differentiation markers and elevated expression of genes involved in the wingless-type (WNT)-pathway such as beta-catenin. In addition, a positive correlation between CD24 and wingless-type family member 4 (WNT4) expression was observed in uterine fibroids with mediator subcomplex 12 gene (MED12) mutations. Our findings suggest that cells highly expressing CD24 represent a type of immature smooth muscle progenitor cells. Their accumulation might be driven by disturbed differentiation processes caused by genetic changes possibly involving MED12 mutations or high mobility group AT-hook (HMGA)2 rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Drosch
- Center of Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse ZHG, Bremen 28359, Germany Global Drug Discovery-TRG Oncology/Gynecological Therapies, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Nicole Schmidt
- Global Drug Discovery-TRG Oncology/Gynecological Therapies, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Dominique Nadine Markowski
- Global Drug Discovery-TRG Oncology/Gynecological Therapies, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Thomas Matthias Zollner
- Global Drug Discovery-TRG Oncology/Gynecological Therapies, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Markus Koch
- Global Drug Discovery-TRG Oncology/Gynecological Therapies, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Muellerstraße 178, Berlin 13342, Germany
| | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- Center of Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse ZHG, Bremen 28359, Germany
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Lee HG, Baek JW, Shin SJ, Kwon SH, Cha SD, Park WJ, Chung R, Choi ES, Lee GH, Cho CH. Antitumor effects of flavopiridol on human uterine leiomyoma in vitro and in a xenograft model. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1153-60. [PMID: 24572052 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114525266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are considered a potential target for cancer therapy. Flavopiridol is a potent CDK inhibitor. In this study, the antiproliferative effect of the flavonoid compound flavopiridol and its mechanism in human uterine leiomyoma cells were investigated. The present study focused on the effect of flavopiridol in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in primary cultured human uterine leiomyoma cells. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays were conducted. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the effect of flavopiridol on cell cycle. The expression of cell cycle regulatory-related proteins was evaluated by Western blotting. Cell viability and proliferation of uterine leiomyoma cells were significantly reduced by flavopiridol treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results showed that flavopiridol induced G1 phase arrest. Flavopiridol-induced growth inhibition in uterine leiomyoma cells was associated with increased expression of p21(cip/wafl) and p27(kip1) in a dose-dependent manner. Downregulation of CDK2/4 and Cyclin A with a concomitant increase in dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma was observed. This study demonstrates that flavopiridol inhibits cell proliferation by initiating G1 cell cycle arrest in human uterine leiomyoma. We also found that flavopiridol is effective in inhibiting xenografted human uterine leiomyoma growth. These results indicate that flavopiridol could prove to be a promising chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for human uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gyo Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cha Gumi Medical Center, Cha University, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jin Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Do Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosa Chung
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Som Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Ho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cha Gumi Medical Center, Cha University, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Heum Cho
- Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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