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Naglot S, Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Yadav S. Male Contributory Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2107-2121. [PMID: 36792841 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
With 40% of idiopathic cases, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a problem of great concern for patients and clinicians. In addition to financial burden, it causes a lot of frustration and anxiety in affected couples. The primary objective of this review was to gain knowledge of recent advances in the field of recurrent pregnancy losses and to understand the role of male contributory factors in idiopathic cases. For a long time, researchers and clinicians were seeking an explanation for idiopathic RPL (iRPL) in females only; however, with recent advances in reproductive biology, the role of spermatozoa in early embryonic development has caught the attention of researchers. Clinically, only routine semen parameters and karyotyping are investigated in iRPL male partners, which seem to be insufficient in the present scenario, and thus, more information at the molecular level is required for a comprehensive understanding of iRPL. In concluding remarks, we suggest targeted multi-omics investigations in a large cohort to improve our understanding of the role of male contributory factors in iRPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarla Naglot
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ayushi Thapliyal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Zhu S, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Wu J, Lei C, Jiang F. Comprehensive chromosome FISH assessment of sperm aneuploidy in normozoospermic males. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1887-1900. [PMID: 35731322 PMCID: PMC9428091 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm chromosomal abnormalities impact male fertility and pregnancy outcomes. However, the proportion of sperm with chromosomal abnormalities in normozoospermic men remains unclear. Herein, we evaluated sperm aneuploidy for 23 chromosomes to elucidate its incidence in normozoospermic men. METHODS Sperm from ten normozoospermic donors were obtained from a human sperm bank and analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The frequencies of nullisomy, disomy, and diploidy were analyzed along with trisomy, triploidy, tetraploidy, and other numerical abnormalities per chromosome and per donor levels. RESULTS A total of 248,811 sperm cells were analyzed (average: 24,881 ± 381 cells/donor), of which 246, 658 were haploid, 818 nullisomic, 393 disomic, 894 diploid, 13 triploid, 8 tetraploid, 3 trisomic, and 24 harbored multiple aneuploidies. Among the 22 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes, the mean frequency of aneuploidy per chromosome was 0.49 ± 0.16%, including 0.33 ± 0.16% for nullisomy and 0.16 ± 0.08% for disomy. The mean frequencies of nullisomy, disomy, and aneuploidy per donor were 0.33 ± 0.13%, 0.16 ± 0.05%, and 0.49 ± 0.13%, respectively. The total frequencies of nullisomy, disomy, diploidy, and aneuploidy per donor were 7.62 ± 3.06%, 3.63 ± 1.12%, 0.36 ± 0.15%, and 11.25 ± 3.05%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The dominant chromosome numerical abnormalities in normozoospermic men are nullisomy, disomy, and diploidy. Generally, the frequency of nullisomy is higher than that of disomy. The disomy or nullisomy frequencies for each chromosome being gained or lost were not unified and varied; some chromosomes (e.g., chromosomes 21 and 22 and sex chromosomes) are more prone to disomy while some others (e.g., chromosome 3) are more prone to nullisomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijuan Zhu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Yong Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Jiangnan Wu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Caixia Lei
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, 200011 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai, 200011 China
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The Variations of Metabolic Detoxification Enzymes Lead to Recurrent Miscarriage and Their Diagnosis Strategy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1300:259-280. [PMID: 33523438 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-4187-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion has been a common obstetrical and gynecological disease, which occurs in 10-15% of all pregnancies. Recurrent miscarriage (RM) refers to the occurrence of three or more times abortions with the same partner. It is generally believed that environmental pollution associated with economic development may cause infertility and RM. When xenobiotics from the environment enter the body, they must be cleared from the body by various metabolic enzymes in the body. The absence or variation of these enzymes may be the genetic basis of RM caused by environmental pollution. The variation of metabolic detoxification enzyme can directly affect the removal of harmful substances from internal and external sources. Therefore, the determination of metabolic enzyme activity may become an important factor in the diagnosis of RM etiology and seeking methods to improve the detoxification ability has a great significance for the treatment of RM.
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Sperm chromosome abnormalities in patients with normal karyotype and in translocation carriers: clinical relevance for assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:1055-1069. [PMID: 33032906 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the proportion of chromosomally abnormal spermatozoa in men with a history of reproductive failure, including patients with normal karyotype and carriers of translocations? Should this analysis be included in a clinical setting to define the best treatment options for infertile couples? DESIGN Aneuploidy for chromosomes XY, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 was tested by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in 1665 samples from couples with normal karyotype having had at least three previous IVF failures, miscarriages, or both (group-A). A FISH test was also carried out in 76 samples from carriers of translocations (group B) to detect the proportion of spermatozoa with unbalanced rearrangement. RESULTS In group A, the lowest incidence of aneuploid sperm cells was found in men with normozoospermia (1.3%, range 0.09-6.31%) compared with men with moderate oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (2.1%, range 0.41-16.6%, P < 0.001), severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (4.7%, range 0.53-30.77, P < 0.001), microepididymal sperm aspiration (3.1%, range 1.19-24.24, P < 0.001) and testicular sperm extraction samples (5.8%, range 1.54-33.3, P < 0.001). In group B, the proportion of spermatozoa with unbalanced rearrangement was significantly higher in reciprocal (63%, range 10.0-87.6%) than in Robertsonian translocations (16%, range 4.3-51.0%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with poor prognosis of term pregnancy tend to generate high proportions of chromosomally abnormal spermatozoa, especially in severe male factor cases. Corresponding frequencies occur at wide ranges; therefore, the FISH test is needed to assess the proportion of spermatozoa with altered chromosome condition. A flowchart, which included the FISH test, was designed to assist clinicians guide couples with poor prognosis of pregnancy, on the most indicated treatment options.
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Liang Q, Tong L, Xiang L, Shen S, Pan C, Liu C, Zhang H. Distinct changes of in BTLA, ICOS, PD-1, and TIGIT expression on peripheral blood and decidual CD8+ T cells in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1012-1017. [PMID: 32705113 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-way communication between the mother and the fetus is accomplished by immune cells. CD8+ T cells of normal pregnant (NP) women express progesterone receptor (PR). Binding of PR to progesterone (P) and the production of progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) can aid immune escape, which is an important factor in the maternal immune response. We detected the proportion of CD8+ T cells and the expression of the surface costimulatory molecules BTLA, TIGIT, ICOS, and PD-1 in peripheral blood and decidual tissues of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and in NP women. All patients were at 8 -10 weeks of gestation. The results showed that there was no change in the proportions of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and decidual tissues of URSA patients compared to those of NP women. In peripheral blood, compared with the NP group, the URSA group showed decreased expression of BTLA + CD8+ T cells and the difference was statistically significant, but there was no difference between the groups in terms of TIGIT + CD8+, PD-1 + CD8+, and ICOS + CD8+ T cells. There was no change in the levels of TIGIT + CD8+, PD-1 + CD8+, ICOS + CD8+, and BTLA + CD8+ T cells in decidual tissue. These data confirm that the number of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and decidual tissue is not the main factor leading to the pathogenesis of URSA, and other immune cells may play an important role in URSA, but this hypothesis needs further exploration and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingxia Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenhuan Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Jiang S, Peng X, Gong F, Huang C, Peng Y, Long X, Lin G, Zhu W. The role of total chromosomal disomy in human spermatozoa as a predictor of the outcome of pre-implantation genetic screening. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1196-1204.e1. [PMID: 32416980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of sperm disomy rate as a predictor of preimplantation genetic screening (PGT-A) outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Andrology laboratory and in vitro fertilization center. PATIENT(S) All patients (n = 123) who underwent sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization and PGT-A at the China International Trust and Investment Corporation Xiangya Reproductive and Genetic Hospital between January 2015 and November 2018 were included. INTERVENTION(S) Sperm samples of all patients evaluated for elevated disomy levels of 24 chromosomes using multicolor sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization and all embryos were cultured and biopsied at the blastocyst stage for PGT-A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The relationship between the whole genome of sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome and the predictive effect of the whole genome of sperm disomy rate on PGT-A outcome. RESULT(S) A statistically significant correlation was observed between the sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome. Many confounders were considered, such as patients' factors, semen or laboratory characteristics, which may affect PGT-A outcome. Regression analysis excluding these confounding factors indicated a 2.071-fold decrease in odds of probability of not obtaining any euploid embryo to transfer for every 1% decrease in total disomy rate. Based on a total disomy rate threshold of 4.84%, the prediction ability of total disomy rate on PGT-A outcome reached 75.6%. CONCLUSION(S) There is a negative correlation between the whole genome of sperm disomy rate and PGT-A outcome. It is a potential role for whole genome of sperm disomy rate in the PGT-A patients as a predictor, as well as in future genetic counselling. Based on these results, genetic counselors can advise couples on the risk of not obtaining any euploid embryo and help them choose the best reproductive and diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Peng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqin Peng
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Long
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Basic Medicine College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Sarrate Z, Blanco J, Marina-Rugero F, Moreno-García JM, Ruiz-Jorro M, Lafuente-Varea R, Graña-Zanón F, Núñez-Calonge R, Ten J, Rueda J. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on sperm: indications to perform and assisted reproduction technology outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1975-1987. [PMID: 31396849 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the consequences of an altered sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) result for ART outcomes and the indications for a sperm FISH analysis. METHODS Data from 439 infertile men were collected. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the association of men's age, seminal alterations, and sperm FISH indication, with the incidence of X, Y, 13, 18, and 21 sperm chromosomal abnormalities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the most predictive variables for altered sperm FISH. Results from the IVF/ICSI cycles were collected for 248 out of 439 patients. Two distinct groups were established: 151 couples that used their own oocytes and 97 couples involved in egg donation programs. In both groups, ART outcomes were compared between normal and altered sperm FISH. RESULTS Teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia were associated with sperm chromosome anomalies (p < 0.05). Indications for sperm FISH analysis with the highest predictability were teratozoospermia, male age, oligozoospermia, and implantation failure (AUC = 0.702). Embryo quality (p = 0.096), pregnancy rate (p = 0.054), and implantation rate (p = 0.089) were higher in own-oocytes couples with normal sperm FISH than in altered sperm FISH couples, although differences were not statistically significant. In donor-oocytes couples, in which high-quality embryos were transferred later than in own-oocytes couples (3.8 vs. 3.0 days), we did not identify differences in the ART outcome between normal and altered sperm FISH couples. In both groups, the possible interference of woman age was negligible. CONCLUSIONS Sperm FISH is indicated in middle-aged oligoteratozoospermic patients with implantation failures in previous IVF/ICSI cycles. Sperm chromosome anomalies have a moderate detrimental impact on embryo quality, implantation, and pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Sarrate
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain.
| | | | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Jorro
- Crea Medicina de la Reproducción, c/ San Martín 4, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Ten
- Embryology Unit, Instituto Bernabéu, Av. Albufereta 31, 03016, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rueda
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Unidad de Genética, Cátedra de Biomedicina Reproductiva Clínica Vistahermosa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03110, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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Abstract
Genetic abnormalities, whether occurring in the conceptus or the parents, can predispose to sporadic or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Abnormalities in the conceptus include aneuploidy, copy number changes, skewed X inactivation, and single gene disorders or mutations. Among parents who suffer RPL, the best studied genetic cause is balanced chromosomal translocations. For evaluation of genetic abnormalities in cases of pregnancy loss, chromosomal microarray is more likely to yield interpretable results than karyotype due to cell culture failure. For parents, karyotype remains the standard since microarray may not detect truly balanced translocations. For those with an identified underlying genetic abnormality, preimplantation genetic testing has been proposed to optimize the live birth rate. This approach shows promise, but currently lacks supporting evidence. In summary, various genetic causes for recurrent pregnancy loss are known, but when such a cause is identified, the implications for management remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Blue
- University of Utah Health, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jessica M. Page
- University of Utah Health, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert M. Silver
- University of Utah Health, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Salt Lake City, Utah
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Casanovas A, Ribas-Maynou J, Lara-Cerrillo S, Jimenez-Macedo AR, Hortal O, Benet J, Carrera J, García-Peiró A. Double-stranded sperm DNA damage is a cause of delay in embryo development and can impair implantation rates. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:699-707.e1. [PMID: 30826116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of single- and double-stranded sperm DNA fragmentation (ssSDF and dsSDF) on human embryo kinetics monitored under a time-lapse system. DESIGN Observational, double blind, prospective cohort study. SETTING University spin-off and private center. PATIENT(S) One hundred ninety-six embryos from 43 infertile couples were included prospectively. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) SsSDF and dsSDF were analyzed in the same semen sample used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Embryo kinetics was then monitored using time-lapse technology, and the timing of each embryo division was obtained. RESULT(S) When comparing embryos obtained from semen samples with low dsSDF and high dsSDF, splitting data using a statistically significant delay in high dsSDF was observed in second polar body extrusion, T4, T8, morula, and starting blastocyst and embryo implantation rates were impaired. Embryo kinetics and implantation rates are not significantly affected when high values of ssSDF are present. Different patterns of delay in embryo kinetics were observed for these different types of DNA damage: dsSDF caused a delay along all stages of embryo development; however, its major effect was observed at the second polar body extrusion and morula stages, coinciding with embryo DNA damage checkpoint activation as described before; ssSDF had its major effect at the pronucleus stage, but embryo kinetics was then restored at all following stages. The results show that dsSDF could be the main type of DNA damage that affects embryo development in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, probably due to motility-based sperm selection in this assisted reproduction procedure. CONCLUSION(S) Double-stranded sperm DNA damage caused a delay in embryo development and impaired implantation, while single-stranded DNA damage did not significantly affect embryo kinetics and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Centro de Infertilidad Masculina y Análisis de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Olga Hortal
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Ginecològica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular i Genètica Mèdica, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carrera
- Unitat d'Endocrinologia Ginecològica, Barcelona, Spain
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García-Mengual E, Triviño JC, Sáez-Cuevas A, Bataller J, Ruíz-Jorro M, Vendrell X. Male infertility: establishing sperm aneuploidy thresholds in the laboratory. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:371-381. [PMID: 30604135 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in spermatozoa provides an estimate of the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, but there is not a clinical consensus on how to statistically analyze sperm FISH results. We therefore propose a statistical approach to establish sperm aneuploidy thresholds in a fertile population. METHODS We have determined the distribution and variation of the frequency of nullisomy, disomy, and diploidy for a set of 13 chromosomes (1, 2, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, X, and Y) in sperm nuclei from 14 fertile men by means of automatized FISH. The dispersion of data has been analyzed by the non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. We have established the threshold values for each chromosome and aneuploidy type on the basis of the confidence interval values (99.9%). RESULTS Nullisomy thresholds ranged from 0.49% for chromosome 19 to 3.09% for chromosome 22; disomy thresholds ranged from 0.30% for chromosome 21 to 1.47% for chromosome 15; diploidy thresholds ranged from 0.24% for the 9/19 chromosome set to 1.21% for the 13/21 chromosome set. CONCLUSIONS Applying this approach with clinical purposes will enable us to categorize the patient as altered or normal regarding his sperm aneuploidy. Any result surpassing the cited threshold values indicates a 99.9% probability of being significantly different from fertile controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Mengual
- Reproductive Genetics Unit, Sistemas Genómicos S.L, Ronda G. Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Triviño
- Bioinformatics Department, Sistemas Genómicos S.L, Ronda G. Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Sáez-Cuevas
- Reproductive Genetics Unit, Sistemas Genómicos S.L, Ronda G. Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Bataller
- CREA, Assisted Reproduction Medical Center, Carrer de Sant Martí 4, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruíz-Jorro
- CREA, Assisted Reproduction Medical Center, Carrer de Sant Martí 4, 46003, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Vendrell
- Reproductive Genetics Unit, Sistemas Genómicos S.L, Ronda G. Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Abstract
There are several known causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in a couple, which include endocrine abnormalities, immunologic abnormalities, structural uterine abnormalities and karyotype abnormalities. The evaluation largely focuses on the female. The male contribution to RPL remains understudied. With the exception of the karyotype analysis, there is currently no other recommended testing for the male partner of a woman who has suffered multiple pregnancy losses. Chromosomal abnormalities are well defined causes of pregnancy losses in the literature. However, despite the fact that abnormal DNA fragmentation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of unexplained RPL, it is not routinely checked during the evaluation of RPL. This is likely due to the fact that abnormal DNA fragmentation is the end result of multiple different mechanisms including environmental exposures, varicoceles, gene alteration and epigenetic changes resulting in an inherent susceptibility to DNA damage? We are just beginning to scratch the surface of our understanding of the male contribution to RPL and more studies especially focusing on epigenetic modifications and gene alterations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Ibrahim
- Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erica Johnstone
- Utah Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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12
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Esquerré-Lamare C, Walschaerts M, Chansel Debordeaux L, Moreau J, Bretelle F, Isus F, Karsenty G, Monteil L, Perrin J, Papaxanthos-Roche A, Bujan L. Sperm aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a multicenter case-control study. Basic Clin Androl 2018; 28:4. [PMID: 29619224 PMCID: PMC5879915 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-018-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of at least three pregnancies in the first trimester. Although the most common cause is embryo aneuploidy, and despite female checkup and couple karyotyping, in about 50% of cases RPL remain unexplained. Male implication has little been investigated and results are discordant. In this context, we conducted a multi-center prospective case-control study to investigate male gamete implication in unexplained RPL. Methods A total of 33 cases and 27 controls were included from three university hospitals. We investigated environmental and family factors with a detailed questionnaire and andrological examination, sperm characteristics, sperm DNA/chromatin status using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and sperm aneuploidy using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The Mann-Whitney test and the Wilcoxon or Fisher exact tests were used. A non-parametric Spearman correlation was performed in order to analyze the relationship between various sperm parameters and FISH and sperm DNA fragmentation results. Results We found significant differences between cases and controls in time to conceive, body mass index (BMI), family history of infertility and living environment. In cases, total sperm motility and the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa were significantly decreased. No difference was found between cases and controls in sperm DNA fragmentation or chromatin integrity. In cases, spermatozoa with aneuploidy, hyperhaploidy and chromosome 18 disomy were significantly increased. Conclusions This prospective case-control study is one of the largest to examine environmental factors, sperm characteristics, sperm DNA fragmentation and chromatin, and chromosome anomalies in spermatozoa in relation to unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. The originality of our study lies in the comprehensive andrological examination and search for risk factors and fertility history. Further studies are needed to confirm the links between unexplained RPL and a male family history of infertility or miscarriages. The increased sperm aneuploidy observed in unexplained RPL supports a male etiology. These data pave the way for further studies to demonstrate the value of preimplantation genetic screening in men with increased sperm aneuploidy whose partners experience unexplained RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Esquerré-Lamare
- 1Research Group on Human Fertility EA 3694, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 330 av Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France.,2CECOS Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Walschaerts
- 1Research Group on Human Fertility EA 3694, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 330 av Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France.,2CECOS Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jessika Moreau
- 1Research Group on Human Fertility EA 3694, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 330 av Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France.,2CECOS Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- 4Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HM Hôpital Nord Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - François Isus
- 1Research Group on Human Fertility EA 3694, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 330 av Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France.,5Andrologie, Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Karsenty
- 6Service d'Urologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jeanne Perrin
- 8CECOS Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France.,9Mediterranean Institute for Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE), Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Louis Bujan
- 1Research Group on Human Fertility EA 3694, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 330 av Grande Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France.,2CECOS Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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13
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Chromosomal abnormalities in products of conception of first-trimester miscarriages detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis: a review of 1000 cases. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 35:265-271. [PMID: 29086320 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of types and frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional cytogenetic studies in first-trimester miscarriages after spontaneous conception and IVF. METHODS Standard cytogenetic analysis of GTG-banded chromosomes obtained from products of conception (POCs): semi-direct and short-term cultured chorionic villi or long-term cultured fetal mesodermal cells. RESULTS 50.1% of first-trimester miscarriages in the studied group had chromosomal abnormalities: 59.7% of trisomies, 22% of poliploidies, 7.5% of monosomies, 7% of unbalanced structural abnormalities, and 3.8% of multiple aneuploidies. An increase in the frequency of chromosomally abnormal miscarriages was observed in the group of women above 40 when compared to groups of women under 35 (P < 0.05). No difference in frequencies and types of chromosomal abnormalities in POCs of miscarriages after ICSI and spontaneous conception was observed. CONCLUSIONS Approximately, 50% of first-trimester miscarriages have chromosomal abnormalities which can be detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. The presence of chromosomal abnormality may explain the cause of miscarriage, improving the reproductive counseling and planning.
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14
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Li Q, Deng D. New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China. Front Med 2017; 11:570-575. [PMID: 28963690 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
China recently instituted a two-child policy in response to its aging population, declining workforce and demographic dividend, and the need to develop asocial economy. Additionally, women generally delay having a second child because of the overwhelming pressure in their lives. With the improvements in assisted fertility technologies in recent years, the number of elderly women attempting to bear children has increased. The quality of woman's eggs and a man's sperm declined dramatically with increasing age, leading to an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications among older women. Therefore, the types of fertility problems experienced by elderly females must be provided with considerable attention by obstetricians. This commentary article focuses on the medical problems faced by older second-child pregnant women. This work discusses their increased rates of infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum depression, and hypertensive disorders, which complicate pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dongrui Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Lafuente R, Bosch-Rue E, Ribas-Maynou J, Alvarez J, Brassesco C, Amengual MJ, Benet J, Garcia-Peiró A, Brassesco M. Sperm telomere length in motile sperm selection techniques: A qFISH approach. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28699197 DOI: 10.1111/and.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have associated telomere shortening with alterations in reproductive function. The objective of the present study was to determine telomere length (TL) in spermatozoa selected by either density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) or swim-up. The analysis of TL was performed using quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridisation (qFISH) using PNA probes in combination with a chromatin decompaction protocol in sperm cells. Results of TL were 24.64 ± 5.00 Kb and 24.95 ± 4.60 Kb before and after DGC, respectively, and 19.59 ± 8.02 Kb and 20.22 ± 5.18 Kb before and after swim-up respectively. Sperm selected by DGC or swim-up did not show any significant differences in TL as compared to nonselected sperm (p > .05). Negative correlations between TL and sperm motility (r = -.308; p = .049) and concentration (r = -.353; p = .028) were found. Furthermore, exposure of sperm to increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide during incubation resulted in a reduction in TL. These data indicate that oxidative stress may be one of the main factors involved in the reduction of TL in sperm. Preliminary clinical results from patients included in this study indicate that TL was shorter in spermatozoa from couples who never achieved a pregnancy compared to couples who did achieve at least one natural pregnancy (p < .05); however, the clinical utility of this biomarker still needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lafuente
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Bosch-Rue
- CIMAB, Centro de Infertilidad Masculina y Análisis de Barcelona, Edificio Eureka, Parc de Recerca de la UAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ribas-Maynou
- CIMAB, Centro de Infertilidad Masculina y Análisis de Barcelona, Edificio Eureka, Parc de Recerca de la UAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alvarez
- Centro Androgen, La Coruña, Spain.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Brassesco
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Amengual
- UDIAT, Centre Diagnòstic, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí-UAB, Sabadell, Spain
| | - J Benet
- Facultat de Medicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Garcia-Peiró
- CIMAB, Centro de Infertilidad Masculina y Análisis de Barcelona, Edificio Eureka, Parc de Recerca de la UAB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Brassesco
- Centro de Infertilidad y Reproducción Humana (CIRH), Barcelona, Spain
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Impact of Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their treatments on sperm aneuploidy: a prospective study by the French CECOS network. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:341-350.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Donate A, Estop AM, Giraldo J, Templado C. Paternal Age and Numerical Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Spermatozoa. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:241-8. [PMID: 27322585 DOI: 10.1159/000446724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between numerical chromosome abnormalities in sperm and age in healthy men. We performed FISH in the spermatozoa of 10 donors from the general population: 5 men younger than 40 years of age and 5 fertile men older than 60 years of age. For each chromosome, 1,000 sperm nuclei were analyzed, with a total of 15,000 sperm nuclei for each donor. We used a single sperm sample per donor, thus minimizing intra-donor variability and optimizing consistent analysis. FISH with a TelVysion assay, which provides data on aneuploidy of 19 chromosomes, was used in order to gain a more genome-wide perspective of the level of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy and diploidy rates observed in the younger and older groups were compared. There were no significant differences in the incidence of autosomal disomy, sex chromosome disomy, total chromosome disomy, diploidy, nor total numerical abnormalities between younger and older men. This work confirms that aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes is more common than that of autosomes and that this does not change with age. Our results suggest that some probe combinations have a tendency to indicate higher levels of diploidy, thus potentially affecting FISH results and highlighting the limitations of FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Donate
- Unitat de Biologia Celx00B7;lular i Genx00E8;tica Mx00E8;dica, Departament de Biologia Celx00B7;lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Barcelona, Spain
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