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Qi Y, Huang C, Zhao M, Wu X, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhang L. milR20 negatively regulates the development of fruit bodies in Pleurotus cornucopiae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177820. [PMID: 37213518 PMCID: PMC10192896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the development of fruit bodies in edible mushroom is a widely studied topic. In this study, the role of milRNAs in the development of fruit bodies of Pleurotus cornucopiae was studied by comparative analyses of the mRNAs and milRNAs at different stages of development. The genes that play a crucial role in the expression and function of milRNAs were identified and subsequently expressed and silenced at different stages of development. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed milRNAs (DEMs) at different stages of development was determined to be 7,934 and 20, respectively. Comparison of the DEGs and DEMs across the different development stages revealed that DEMs and its target DEGs involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, endocytosis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, RNA transport, and other metabolism pathways, which may play important roles in the development of the fruit bodies of P. cornucopiae. The function of milR20, which targeted pheromone A receptor g8971 and was involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, was further verified by overexpression and silencing in P. cornucopiae. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of milR20 reduced the growth rate of mycelia and prolonged the development of the fruit bodies, while milR20 silencing had an opposite effect. These findings indicated that milR20 plays a negative role in the development of P. cornucopiae. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the development of fruit bodies in P. cornucopiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Qi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangli Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijiao Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijiao Zhang,
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RNA-Seq, Bioinformatic Identification of Potential MicroRNA-like Small RNAs in the Edible Mushroom Agaricus bisporus and Experimental Approach for Their Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094923. [PMID: 35563314 PMCID: PMC9100230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genomes from many edible mushrooms are sequenced, studies on fungal micro RNAs (miRNAs) are scarce. Most of the bioinformatic tools are designed for plants or animals, but the processing and expression of fungal miRNAs share similarities and differences with both kingdoms. Moreover, since mushroom species such as Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus, white button mushroom) are frequently consumed as food, controversial discussions are still evaluating whether their miRNAs might or might not be assimilated, perhaps within extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes). Therefore, the A. bisporus RNA-seq was studied in order to identify potential de novo miRNA-like small RNAs (milRNAs) that might allow their later detection in diet. Results pointed to 1 already known and 37 de novo milRNAs. Three milRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR experiments. Precursors and mature milRNAs were found in the edible parts (caps and stipes), validating the predictions carried out in silico. When their potential gene targets were investigated, results pointed that most were involved in primary and secondary metabolic regulation. However, when the human transcriptome is used as the target, the results suggest that they might interfere with important biological processes related with cancer, infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Nosema bombycis microRNA-like RNA 8 (Nb-milR8) Increases Fungal Pathogenicity by Modulating BmPEX16 Gene Expression in Its Host, Bombyx mori. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0104821. [PMID: 34704799 PMCID: PMC8549759 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01048-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Nosema bombycis causes significant economic losses via parasitism of an economically important insect. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating host and parasite gene expression via mRNA degradation or by inhibiting protein translation. To investigate whether microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) regulate N. bombycis pathogenesis and to better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying infection, we constructed small RNA libraries from N. bombycis hyphae during the schizont proliferation period. Eleven novel milRNAs were determined by RNA sequencing and stem-loop reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. Moreover, a virulence-associated milRNA, Nb-milR8, was identified as critical for N. bombycis proliferation by binding and downregulating expression of its target gene, BmPEX16, in the host during infection. Silencing of Nb-milR8 or overexpression of the target BmPEX16 gene resulted in increased susceptibility of Bombyx mori to N. bombycis infection. Taken together, these results suggest that Nb-milR8 is an important virulence factor that acts as an effector to suppress host peroxidase metabolism, thereby facilitating N. bombycis proliferation. These results provide important novel insights into interactions between pathogenic fungi and their hosts. IMPORTANCE A thorough understanding of fungal pathogen adaptations is essential for treating fungal infections. Recent studies have suggested that the role of small RNAs expressed in fungal microsporidia genomes are important for elucidating the mechanisms of fungal infections. Here, we report 11 novel microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) from the fungal microsporidium Nosema bombycis and identified NB-milRNAs that adaptively regulate N. bombycis proliferation. In addition, we demonstrate that N. bombycis modulates small RNA (sRNA)-mediated infection by encoding an Nb-miR8 that downregulates the expression of the host peroxidase metabolism protein BmPEX16, which is essential for peroxisome membrane biogenesis and peroxisome assembly. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of fungi, and especially microsporidia, while providing important targets for genetical engineering-based treatment of microsporidia.
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