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Jha SR, Naz R, Asif A, Okla MK, Soufan W, Al-Ghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Development of an In Vitro Propagation Protocol and a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker of Viola serpens Wall. ex Ging. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020246. [PMID: 32074984 PMCID: PMC7076368 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol of plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis in Viola serpens was developed in the present study. Culture of leaf explants on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-benzyladenine and 0.13 mg/L 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid. Adventitious shoot formation was observed when calli were transferred on to MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and 2.25 mg/L kinetin, which showed the maximum 86% shoot regeneration frequency. The highest root frequency (80.92%) with the 5.6 roots per explant and 1.87 cm root length was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were transferred to the mixture of sand, coffee husk and soil in the ratio of 1:2:1 in a pot, and placed under 80% shade net for one month. It was then transferred to 30% shade net for another one month, prior to transplantation in the field. These plantlets successfully acclimatized under field conditions. A Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker was also developed using a 1135 bp amplicon that was obtained from RAPD (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) analysis of six accessions of V. serpens. Testing of several market samples of V. serpens using the SCAR marker revealed successful identification of the genuine samples of V. serpens. This study, therefore, provides a proficient in vitro propagation protocol of V. serpens using leaf explants and a SCAR marker for the authentic identification of V. serpens. This study will be helpful for conservation of authentic V. serpens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Rani Jha
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Ruphi Naz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (R.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Ambreen Asif
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (R.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.A.-G.)
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (A.A.A.-G.)
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (R.N.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Gul I, Nasrullah N, Nissar U, Saifi M, Abdin MZ. Development of DNA and GC-MS Fingerprints for Authentication and Quality Control of Piper nigrum L. and Its Adulterant Carica papaya L. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park I, Kim WJ, Yang S, Yeo SM, Li H, Moon BC. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Aconitum coreanum and Aconitum carmichaelii and comparative analysis with other Aconitum species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184257. [PMID: 28863163 PMCID: PMC5581188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum species (belonging to the Ranunculaceae) are well known herbaceous medicinal ingredients and have great economic value in Asian countries. However, there are still limited genomic resources available for Aconitum species. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Aconitum species, A. coreanum and A. carmichaelii, using the MiSeq platform. The two Aconitum chloroplast genomes were 155,880 and 157,040 bp in length, respectively, and exhibited LSC and SSC regions separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions. Both cp genomes had 38% GC content and contained 131 unique functional genes including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The gene order, content, and orientation of the two Aconitum cp genomes exhibited the general structure of angiosperms, and were similar to those of other Aconitum species. Comparison of the cp genome structure and gene order with that of other Aconitum species revealed general contraction and expansion of the inverted repeat regions and single copy boundary regions. Divergent regions were also identified. In phylogenetic analysis, Aconitum species positon among the Ranunculaceae was determined with other family cp genomes in the Ranunculales. We obtained a barcoding target sequence in a divergent region, ndhC–trnV, and successfully developed a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker for discrimination of A. coreanum. Our results provide useful genetic information and a specific barcode for discrimination of Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Park
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-jin Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Yeo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hulin Li
- Department of Agronomy, Yanbian University Agriculture College, Yanji, China
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Bansal S, Singh A, Mangal M, Mangal AK, Kumar S. Food adulteration: Sources, health risks, and detection methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1174-1189. [PMID: 26054861 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.967834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adulteration in food has been a concern since the beginning of civilization, as it not only decreases the quality of food products but also results in a number of ill effects on health. Authentic testing of food and adulterant detection of various food products is required for value assessment and to assure consumer protection against fraudulent activities. Through this review we intend to compile different types of adulterations made in different food items, the health risks imposed by these adulterants and detection methods available for them. Concerns about food safety and regulation have ensured the development of various techniques like physical, biochemical/immunological and molecular techniques, for adulterant detection in food. Molecular methods are more preferable when it comes to detection of biological adulterants in food, although physical and biochemical techniques are preferable for detection of other adulterants in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Bansal
- a Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - Apoorva Singh
- a Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology , Ludhiana , Punjab , India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- b Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi , India
| | - Anupam K Mangal
- c Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- d National Medicinal Plant Board , New Delhi , India
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Li JJ, Xiong C, Liu Y, Liang JS, Zhou XW. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): Emergence As an Alternative Technology for Herbal Medicine Identification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1956. [PMID: 28082999 PMCID: PMC5183589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correct identification of medicinal plant ingredients is essential for their safe use and for the regulation of herbal drug supply chain. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a recently developed approach to identify herbal medicine species. This novel molecular biology technique enables timely and accurate testing, especially in settings where infrastructures to support polymerase chain reaction facilities are lacking. Studies that used this method have altered our view on the extent and complexity of herbal medicine identification. In this review, we give an introduction into LAMP analysis, covers the basic principles and important aspects in the development of LAMP analysis method. Then we presented a critical review of the application of LAMP-based methods in detecting and identifying raw medicinal plant materials and their processed products. We also provide a practical standard operating procedure (SOP) for the utilization of the LAMP protocol in herbal authentication, and consider the prospects of LAMP technology in the future developments of herbal medicine identification and the challenges associated with its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jian Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Jun-song Liang
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal UniversityYulin, China
| | - Xing-wen Zhou
- College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal UniversityYulin, China
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Zhang L, Cui ZH, Mu YX, Wei KH, Li ZH, Zhu H, Yang DW, Wang YL, Long P, Zhang CH, Li MH. Ethnopharmacological Investigation and Rapid Authentication of Mongolian Patent Medicines Digeda. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(15)60044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kiran U, Khan S, Mirza KJ, Ram M, Abdin M. SCAR markers: A potential tool for authentication of herbal drugs. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:969-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Russi L, Moretti C, Raggi L, Albertini E, Falistocco E. Identifying commercially relevant Echinacea species by AFLP molecular markers. Genome 2010; 52:912-8. [PMID: 19935915 DOI: 10.1139/g09-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rising interest in medicinal plants has brought several species of the genus Echinacea to the attention of many scientists. Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. purpurea are the most important for their immunological properties, well known and widely used by the native Americans. The three species are easily distinguishable on the basis of their morphological characteristics, but it would be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish them in commercial preparations of ground, dry plant parts of E. purpurea (the most valuable species for chemotherapeutic properties) mixed with the other two species. Species-specific molecular markers could be useful to address this issue. In the present work, using fresh material collected from cultivated Echinacea spp., AFLP analysis was used to discriminate the three species and to detect species-specific DNA fragments. By using 14 primer combinations it was possible to detect a total of 994 fragments, of which 565 were polymorphic. Overall, 89 fragments were unique to E. purpurea, 32 to E. angustifolia, and 26 to E. pallida. E+CAC/M+AAT or E+CAC/M+AGC alone provided 13, 9, and 4 or 7, 5, and 5 specific fragments for E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, respectively. A validation trial to confirm the results was carried out on bulked samples of 23 accessions covering most of the genetic diversity of the three species. The results are discussed in terms of practical applications in the field of popular medicine, detecting frauds, and implications for the genus Echinacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Russi
- Dipartimento di Biologia applicata, Universita degli studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
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Kim W, Kong HJ, Kim Y, Nam B, Kim K. Development of RAPD‐SCAR and RAPD‐generated PCR‐RFLP markers for identification of fourAnguillaeel species. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2009.9647210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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