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Braga CQ, Zambrano CG, Dos Santos Bermann C, Milech A, Ianiski LB, Soares MP, Pötter L, de Avila Botton S, Pereira DIB. In vitro and ex vivo anti-Pythium insidiosum potential of ozonated sunflower oil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:867-873. [PMID: 37999913 PMCID: PMC10920596 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) and verify the morphological alterations of OSO-exposed hyphae. Susceptibility assays were performed according to the broth microdilution protocol M38-A2/CLSI, and the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal oomicidal (MOC) concentrations were also determined. Non-ozonated sunflower oil (SO) was used as the oil control. Additionally, kunkers from equine pythiosis were exposed to OSO. Damages caused by OSO and SO on P. insidiosum hyphae ultrastructure were verified using scanning electron microscopy. The MIC range for OSO was 7000 to 437.5 mg/mL, and the values for SO were higher, ranging from 56000 to 14000 mg/mL. The MOC was equal to MIC for both oil formulations. The OSO fully inhibited the oomycete growth from kunkers, although there was P. insidiosum growth in the kunker control in 24 h of incubation. The SEM analyses showed that both OSO and SO caused morphological alterations in P. insidiosum hyphae, highlighting the presence of cavitation along the hyphae with loss of continuity of the cell wall, which was more evident in the OSO-treated hyphae. The OSO had the best oomicidal activity, leading us to believe that our findings may support future research containing this formulation to be applied in integrative medicine protocols to control pythiosis in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Quintana Braga
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gomes Zambrano
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Bermann
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita Milech
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara Baccarin Ianiski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Pereira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório Regional de Diagnostico, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Liu B, Jin X, Chen X, Wang X, Zhang W, Luo X. Two New Lactam Derivatives from Micromelum falcatum (Lour.) Tan. with Brine Shrimp Larvae Toxicity. Molecules 2023; 28:7157. [PMID: 37894634 PMCID: PMC10608822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the stems of Micromelum falcatum (Lour.) Tan. led to the isolation of two new lactam derivatives, named 3-(hydroxy(10-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4-(16-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1) and 3-(hydroxy(10-hydroxy-9-methoxyphenyl)methyl)-4-(16-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (2), along with five known compounds, trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (3), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4), m-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), and gallic acid (7). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic studies, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, mass spectrometry (MS) data, ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, infrared (IR) data, and comparison with the literature. All compounds were evaluated for toxicity against brine shrimp larvae and cytotoxicity to HeLa and HepG-2 cells. Compounds 1-2 exhibited moderate brine shrimp larvae toxicity with an LC50 value of 50.6 and 121.8 μg mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (X.J.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (X.J.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (X.J.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (X.J.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (X.J.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Yolanda H, Lohnoo T, Rujirawat T, Yingyong W, Kumsang Y, Sae-Chew P, Payattikul P, Krajaejun T. Selection of an Appropriate In Vitro Susceptibility Test for Assessing Anti- Pythium insidiosum Activity of Potassium Iodide, Triamcinolone Acetonide, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Ethanol. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1116. [PMID: 36354883 PMCID: PMC9692648 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan but highly virulent pathogen Pythium insidiosum causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for P. insidiosum. A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti-P. insidiosum activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti-P. insidiosum efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of P. insidiosum. These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against P. insidiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 14440, Indonesia
| | - Tassanee Lohnoo
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Rujirawat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanta Yingyong
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yothin Kumsang
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattarana Sae-Chew
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Penpan Payattikul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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4
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Liang C, Gao W, Ge T, Tan X, Wang J, Liu H, Wang Y, Han C, Xu Q, Wang Q. Lauric Acid Is a Potent Biological Control Agent That Damages the Cell Membrane of Phytophthora sojae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666761. [PMID: 34421836 PMCID: PMC8374439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable management of plant pathogens is becoming more challenging, and novel solutions are needed. Plant biologically active secondary metabolites are important sources of novel crop protection chemistry. Effective individual compounds of these natural products have the potential to be successful new agrochemicals. In this study, we identified lauric acid (LA) from soybean defense leaf volatiles. LA inhibited the growth of Phytophthora sojae, the causal agent of soybean root rot. It influenced mycelial development, sporangium formation, and zoospore generation and germination by damaging the P. sojae cell membrane. Additionally, we showed that LA and several of its derivatives, such as glycerol monolaurate (GML), had similar biological activities. Both LA and GML were safe to soybean plants when used at less than 0.3 g a.i./plant and could promote soybean growth, implying their potential as eco-friendly biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Liang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wenteng Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ting Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinwei Tan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huaxin Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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5
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Cao NK, Chen YM, Zhu SS, Zeng KW, Zhao MB, Li J, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Three new coumarins and a new coumarin glycoside from Micromelum integerrimum. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:621-625. [PMID: 34419261 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three new coumarins, integmarins A-C (1-3), and a new coumarin glycoside, integmaside A (4) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Micromelum integerrimum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data, and their absolute configurations were assigned according to the ECD data of the in situ formed transition metal complexes and comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Compounds 1 and 2 are two rare coumarins with butyl and propyl moieties at the C-6 position; compound 3 is a novel coumarin with a highly oxidized prenyl group, and compound 4 is a rare bisdihydrofuranocoumarin glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Si-Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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6
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Ge T, Gao W, Liang C, Han C, Wang Y, Xu Q, Wang Q. 4-Ethylphenol, A Volatile Organic Compound Produced by Disease-Resistant Soybean, Is a Potential Botanical Agrochemical Against Oomycetes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717258. [PMID: 34630464 PMCID: PMC8492902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oomycetes, represented by Phytophthora, are seriously harmful to agricultural production, resulting in a decline in grain quality and agricultural products and causing great economic losses. Integrated management of oomycete diseases is becoming more challenging, and plant derivatives represent effective alternatives to synthetic chemicals as novel crop protection solutions. Biologically active secondary metabolites are rapidly synthesized and released by plants in response to biotic stress caused by herbivores or insects, as well as pathogens. In this study, we identified groups of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soybean plants inoculated with Phytophthora sojae, the causal agent of soybean root rot. 4-Ethylphenol was present among the identified VOCs and was induced in the incompatible interaction between the plants and the pathogen. 4-Ethylphenol inhibited the growth of P. sojae and Phytophthora nicotianae and had toxicity to sporangia formation and zoospore germination by destroying the pathogen cell membrane; it had a good control effect on soybean root rot and tobacco black shank in the safe concentration range. Furthermore, 4-Ethylphenol had a potent antifungal activity against three soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, and Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici, and four forma specialis of Fusarium oxysporum, which suggest a potential to be an eco-friendly biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenteng Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Changhui Liang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Xu,
| | - Qunqing Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Qunqing Wang,
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Cao NK, Chen YM, Zhu SS, Zeng KW, Zhao MB, Li J, Tu PF, Jiang Y. Isolation and structure characterization of cytotoxic alkaloids from Micromelum integerrimum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112463. [PMID: 32888669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten undescribed alkaloids, named integerrines A-J, including one racemic heterodimer of carbazole and indole, two racemic, two scalemic, and one enantiomerically enriched biscarbazoles, two aldoximes, and one racemic pyrrolone, were isolated from the dried leaves and stems of Micromelum integerrimum. The racemic or scalemic compounds were resolved using chiral-phase HPLC and their configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. Four compounds exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxicities against HepG2, HTC-116, HeLa, and PANC-1 cell lines, with IC50 values of 14.1-67.5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Thant TM, Aminah NS, Kristanti AN, Ramadhan R, Aung HT, Takaya Y. Phytoconstituents of Genus Micromelum and Their Bioactivity—a Review. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20927124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Micromelum belongs to the Rutaceae family. As its rich bioactive constituents its stems, flowers, leaves, and roots have been used in traditional medicine, for the treatment of various diseases from ancient time. Phytochemically, many bioactive compounds, including coumarins, polyoxygenated flavonoids, phenylpropanoic acid derivatives, quinolone alkaloids, and also carbazole alkaloids, have been reported as secondary metabolites of the Micromelum spp. including many new compounds. Therefore, Micromelum spp. are considered potential for drug leads. In this article, we present an overview of secondary metabolites isolated from genus Micromelum and their bioactivities that have been reported between 1982 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Myo Thant
- Dept of Chemistry, Fac of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Mandalar Degree College, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Nanik Siti Aminah
- Dept of Chemistry, Fac of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alfinda Novi Kristanti
- Dept of Chemistry, Fac of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rico Ramadhan
- Dept of Chemistry, Fac of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Yoshiaki Takaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
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9
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Yolanda H, Krajaejun T. Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03737. [PMID: 32322727 PMCID: PMC7160450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinically-useful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yolanda
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Theerapong Krajaejun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Suthiphasilp V, Maneerat W, Andersen RJ, Pyne SG, Muanprasat C, Seemakhan S, Borwornpinyo S, Laphookhieo S. Coumarins and flavones from the fruit and root extracts of Micromelum integerrimum. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2945-2950. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1510400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virayu Suthiphasilp
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
| | - Wisanu Maneerat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Pyne
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawinee Seemakhan
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang, Rai, Thailand
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Trolezi R, Azanha JM, Paschoal NR, Chechi JL, Dias Silva MJ, Fabris VE, Vilegas W, Kaneno R, Fernandes Junior A, Bosco SDMG. Stryphnodendron adstringens and purified tannin on Pythium insidiosum: in vitro and in vivo studies. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:7. [PMID: 28231795 PMCID: PMC5324290 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pythium insidiosum is the etiological agent of pythiosis, an emerging life-threatening infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions. The pathogen is a fungus-like organism resistant to antifungal therapy, for this reason, most cases need extensive surgical debridments as treatment, but depending on the size and anatomical region of the lesion, such approach is unfeasible. We investigate the fungicidal effect and toxicity of crude bark extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens and commercially available tannin on Pythium insidiosum both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Standardized fragments of mycelia of fifteen isolates of P. insidiosum were tested with different concentrations of bark extract (10 to 30% v/v) and tannin (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/mL). For in vivo study, fifteen rabbits were experimentally infected with zoospores of P. insidiosum and treated by oral and intralesional applications of bark extract and tannin. Acute toxicity tests with both substances were also performed in rats. RESULTS In vitro studies showed fungicidal effect for both substances at different concentrations and the SEM showed alteration on the cell wall surface of the pathogen. All infected rabbits developed a firm nodular mass that reached around 90 mm2 ninety days after inoculation, but neither the intralesional inoculation of tannin, nor the oral administration of crude extract and tannin were able to promote remission of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Lesions developed by rabbits presented an encapsulated abscess being quite different of naturally acquired pythiosis, which is characterized by ulcerated lesions. Since no toxicity was observed in rats or rabbits inoculated with these products, while in vitro experiments showed direct antifungal effect, therapeutic activity of S. adstringens and tannin should be clinically tested as an alternative for healing wounds in naturally acquired pythiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Trolezi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maziero Azanha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Luana Chechi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | | | - Viciany Eric Fabris
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Ary Fernandes Junior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil.
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12
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Sarker SD, Nahar L. Progress in the Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Coumarins. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 106:241-304. [PMID: 28762091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59542-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are the largest group of 1-benzopyran derivatives found in plants. The initial member of this group of compounds, coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), a fragrant colorless compound, was first isolated from the Tonka bean (Dipteryx odorata, family Fabaceae) in 1820. The name coumarin comes from a French term for the tonka bean, coumarou. Since the discovery of coumarin, several of its derivatives, with umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) being the most common one, have been reported from various natural sources. The families Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae are the three major plant sources of coumarins.Generally, these plant secondary metabolites may be classified into simple, simple prenylated, simple geranylated, furano, pyrano, sesquiterpenyl and oligomeric coumarins. Using this standard classification, this chapter aims to present an account on the advances of the chemistry of naturally occurring coumarins, as reported in the literature during the period 2013-2015.In Sect. 1, the coumarins are introduced and their generic biosynthetic route discussed briefly. In Sect. 2, the largest of the three sections, various classes of natural coumarins are detailed, with their relevant structures and the citation of appropriate references. In a concluding section, it is highlighted that during the last 3 years, more than 400 coumarins have been reported in the literature. Many of these coumarins have been re-isolations of known compounds from known or new sources, most often associated with various biological activities. However, a substantial number of coumarins bearing new skeletons, especially dimers, prenylated furanocoumarins, sesquiterpenyl, and some unusual coumarins were also reported during the period of 2013-2015.Coumarin chemistry remains one of the major interest areas of phytochemists, especially because of their structural diversity and medicinal properties, along with the wide-ranging bioactivities of these compounds, inclusive of analgesic, anticoagulant anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Despite significant advancements in the extraction, isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivity testing of naturally occurring coumarins, only a marginal advancement has been observed recently in relation to the study of their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit D Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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13
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Li W, Zhang JS, Huang JL, Jiang MH, Xu YK, Ahmed A, Yin S, Tang GH. New prenylated coumarins from the stems of Toddalia asiatica. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylated coumarins from Toddalia asiatica were established using spectroscopic data, X-ray, and ECD and specific optical rotation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jia-Luo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Min-Hong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - You-Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Menglun
- China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
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14
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Sichaem J, Khumkratok S, Sawasdee P, Tip-pyang S. A New Coumarin from the Stems of Pterocarpus indicus. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the crude ethyl acetate extract from Pterocarpus indicus stems led to isolation of a new coumarin, indicusane (1), together with eleven known compounds (2-12). To the best of our knowledge, all isolated coumarins (1-12) are reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified on the basic of spectroscopic data (NMR, MS and ECD) as well as a chemical reaction (Mosher's method). In addition, all isolates were also evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChEs) inhibitory activities, in which only compound 4 exhibited the moderate activity toward AChE and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapast Sichaem
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suttira Khumkratok
- WalaiRukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Pattara Sawasdee
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Santi Tip-pyang
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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In Vitro Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) in Its Free Oil and Nanoemulsion Formulations Against Pythium insidiosum. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:865-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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de Souza Silveira Valente J, de Oliveira da Silva Fonseca A, Denardi LB, Dal Ben VS, de Souza Maia Filho F, Baptista CT, Braga CQ, Zambrano CG, Alves SH, de Avila Botton S, Pereira DIB. In Vitro Susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare Essential Oils Combinations. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:617-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Fonseca AO, Pereira DI, Botton SA, Pötter L, Sallis ES, Júnior SF, Filho FS, Zambrano CG, Maroneze BP, Valente JS, Baptista CT, Braga CQ, Ben VD, Meireles MC. Treatment of experimental pythiosis with essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Mentha piperita singly, in association and in combination with immunotherapy. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:265-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Jesus F, Ferreiro L, Bizzi K, Loreto É, Pilotto M, Ludwig A, Alves S, Zanette R, Santurio J. In vitro activity of carvacrol and thymol combined with antifungals or antibacterials against Pythium insidiosum. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:e89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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