Two new peroxy fatty acids with antibacterial activity from Ophioglossum thermale Kom

Bioactive cytochalasans from the fungus Arthrinium arundinis DJ-13

The investigation of the metabolites from Arthrinium arundinis DJ-13 grown in solid medium revealed six undescribed cytochalasans, arundisins A-F and twelve known compounds. Their structures were initially investigated in detail by spectroscopic analyses and were further confirmed by X-crystallography and ECD experiments. In the in vitro bioassays, arundisins A and B showed cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC₅₀ values of 18.82 ± 0.36 and 15.20 ± 0.42 μM, respectively. Arundisin F exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC of 8.00 μg/mL (kanamycin, 2.00 μg/mL), and arundisin D displayed gently antibacterial activity against Candida albicans with MIC of 32.00 μg/mL (Nystatin, 1.00 μg/mL).

Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications

Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442-536, 1985). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species.

Fermentation of Illigera aromatica with Clonostachys rogersoniana producing novel cytotoxic menthane-type monoterpenoid dimers

Five novel menthane-type monoterpenoid dimers were isolated from non-fermented and Clonostachys rogersoniana fermented Illigera aromatica.

Monoterpene esters and aporphine alkaloids from Illigera aromatica with inhibitory effects against cholinesterase and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

Three new monoterpene phenylpropionic acid esters, illigerates A-C (1-3), and one new aporphine alkaloid, illigeranine (4), as well as four known ones, actinodaphnine (5), nordicentrine (6), 8-hydroxy carvacrol (7), and 3-hydroxy-α,4-dimethyl styrene (8), were isolated from the tubers of Illigera aromatica. The structures of 1-4 were identified by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 potently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 18.71 ± 0.85 μM; compound 1, 3, and 4 showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities with the IC₅₀ values of 46.86 ± 0.65, 53.51 ± 0.71, and 31.62 ± 1.15 μM, respectively. Compound 4 showed weak AChE inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 81.69 ± 2.07 μM, and compounds 5 and 6 possessed moderate AChE inhibitory activities with the IC₅₀ values of 47.74 ± 1.66 and 40.28 ± 2.73 μM, respectively. This paper provides a chemical structure and bioactive foundation for using I. aromatica as an herbal medicine.