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Ribeiro A, Serrano R, da Silva IBM, Gomes ET, Pinto JF, Silva O. The Genus Diospyros: A Review of Novel Insights into the Biological Activity and Species of Mozambican Flora. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2833. [PMID: 37570987 PMCID: PMC10421099 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Species of the Diospyros L. genus (Ebenaceae family) have been largely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases, especially infectious ones. To date, active major compounds such as naphthoquinones, triterpenoids, and tannins have been isolated and pharmacologically validated from Diospyros species. The present study summarizes the information available in the literature on the species described in the Flora of Mozambique. To do so, scientific databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched using various keywords and Boolean connectors to gather and summarize the information. Of the 31 native and naturalized species in the Flora of Mozambique, 17 are used in different regions of Africa and were described for their traditional uses. They were reported to treat more than 20 diseases, mostly infectious, in the gastrointestinal and oral cavity compartments. This work provides an overview of the therapeutical potential of Diospyros species and explores novel insights on the antimicrobial potential of extracts and/or isolated compounds of these Mozambican species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.R.); (R.S.); (I.B.M.d.S.); (E.T.G.); (J.F.P.)
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RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) natural antiviral inhibitors: a review. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:2089-2102. [PMID: 36193545 PMCID: PMC9520115 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases are the cause of many global epidemics, leading to deaths, affecting the quality of life of populations, and impairing public health. The limitations in the treatment of viral diseases and the constant resistance to conventional antiviral treatments encourage researchers to discover new compounds. In this perspective, this literature review presents isolated molecules and extracts of natural products capable of inhibiting the activity of the nonstructural protein that acts as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The literature review presented natural compounds with the potential to be tested as alternative medicines or used in the development of synthetic drugs to prevent the replication of RNA viruses, such as COVID-19, hepatitis C, and dengue viruses, among others. Natural products are known to exhibit remarkable activities in mitigation of different viral diseases, in addition, they help to decrease the aggravation of infections. Consequently, reducing hospitalization time and deaths.
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Phytoconstituents as Lead Compounds for Anti-Dengue Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:159-193. [PMID: 34258741 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease common in subtropical and tropical regions. The widespread use of traditional medicines in these regions for dengue fever (DF) has encouraged researchers to explore the therapeutic effect of herbs and their phytochemicals in dengue infection. Phytochemicals such as quercetin, baicalein, luteolin, oxindole alkaloids, celastrol and geraniin have shown significant inhibition of dengue virus in vitro. Many phytoconstituents have better selectivity index supporting their safety profile for future development. However, in vivo studies supporting therapeutic potency for these active phytoconstituents are limited. There is a need for studies translating anti-dengue profile of active phytoconstituents to find successful anti-dengue compounds.
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Maddipati VC, Mittal L, Mantipally M, Asthana S, Bhattacharyya S, Gundla R. A Review on the Progress and Prospects of Dengue Drug Discovery Targeting NS5 RNA- Dependent RNA Polymerase. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4386-4409. [PMID: 32445444 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200523174753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection threatens the health and wellbeing of almost 100 million people in the world. Vectored by mosquitoes, DENV may cause a severe disease in human hosts called Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/Dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which is not preventable by any known drug. In the absence of a universally-accepted vaccine, a drug capable of inhibiting DENV multiplication is an urgent and unmet clinical need. Here we summarize inhibitory strategies by targeting either host biochemical pathways or virus-encoded proteins. A variety of approaches have been generated to design Directly-acting anti-virals or DAAs targeting different DENV proteins, with diverse success. Among them, DAAs targeting genome replicating viral enzymes have proven effective against many viruses including, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus. DAAs may be derived either from existing compound libraries of novel molecules and plant secondary metabolites or devised through Computer-aided Drug design (CADD) methods. Here, we focus on compounds with reported DAA-activity against the DENV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which replicate the viral RNA genome. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) and toxicity of the natural compounds, including secondary plant metabolites, have been discussed in detail. We have also tabulated novel compounds with known anti-RdRp activity. We concluded with a list of DAAs for which a co-crystal structure with RdRp is reported. Promising hit compounds are often discarded due to poor selectivity or unsuitable pharmacokinetics. We hope this review will provide a useful reference for further studies on the development of an anti-DENV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatanarayana C Maddipati
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, Telangana, India
| | - Lovika Mittal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rdMilestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Manohar Mantipally
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, Telangana, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rdMilestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rdMilestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, Telangana, India
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Peyrat LA, Eparvier V, Eydoux C, Guillemot JC, Litaudon M, Stien D. Carneic Acids from an Endophytic Phomopsis sp. as Dengue Virus Polymerase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2330-2336. [PMID: 32686414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen carneic acids were isolated from the fungal endophyte Phomopsis sp. SNB-LAP1-7-32. Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and through comparison with data reported in the literature. Compounds 1-13 were investigated for their antipolymerase activities against DENV polymerase and Zika NS5. Five of them exhibited significant inhibition of dengue polymerase with IC50 values in the 10 to 20 μM range without cytotoxicity. None inhibited Zika virus NS5 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Peyrat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécilia Eydoux
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, USR3579, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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Wolfender JL, Litaudon M, Touboul D, Queiroz EF. Innovative omics-based approaches for prioritisation and targeted isolation of natural products - new strategies for drug discovery. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:855-868. [PMID: 31073562 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2019 The exploration of the chemical diversity of extracts from various biological sources has led to major drug discoveries. Over the past two decades, despite the introduction of advanced methodologies for natural product (NP) research (e.g., dereplication and high content screening), successful accounts of the validation of NPs as lead therapeutic candidates have been limited. In this context, one of the main challenges faced is related to working with crude natural extracts because of their complex composition and the inadequacies of classical bioguided isolation studies given the pace of high-throughput screening campaigns. In line with the development of metabolomics, genomics and chemometrics, significant advances in metabolite profiling have been achieved and have generated high-quality massive genome and metabolome data on natural extracts. The unambiguous identification of each individual NP in an extract using generic methods remains challenging. However, the establishment of structural links among NPs via molecular network analysis and the determination of common features of extract composition have provided invaluable information to the scientific community. In this context, new multi-informational-based profiling approaches integrating taxonomic and/or bioactivity data can hold promise for the discovery and development of new bioactive compounds and return NPs back to an exciting era of development. In this article, we examine recent studies that have the potential to improve the efficiency of NP prioritisation and to accelerate the targeted isolation of key NPs. Perspectives on the field's evolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 11, Switzerland.
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Seasonal Changes in the Metabolic Profiles and Biological Activity in Leaves of Diospyros digyna and D. rekoi "Zapote" Trees. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110449. [PMID: 31731430 PMCID: PMC6918230 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of semi-domesticated Diospyros digyna and wild D. rekoi trees, sampled seasonally in Mexico in 2014, were analyzed. Metabolic fingerprints revealed higher metabolite diversity in D. rekoi leaves. The TLC bands characteristic of glycosylated flavonoids, predominant in this species, matched the detection of quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glucuronides by liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS) of spring leaf extracts (LEs). Further gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis revealed abundant fatty acids, organic acids, and secondary metabolites including trigonelline, p-coumaric, and ferulic and nicotinic acids. Phenolic-like compounds prevailed in D. digyna LEs, while unidentified triterpenoids and dihydroxylated coumarins were detected by UPLC-MS and GC-MS. A paucity of leaf metabolites in leaves of this species, compared to D. rekoi, was evident. Higher antioxidant capacity (AOC) was detected in D. digyna LEs. The AOC was season-independent in D. digyna but not in D. rekoi. The AOC in both species was concentrated in distinct TLC single bands, although seasonal variation in band intensity was observed among trees sampled. The AOC in D. digyna LEs could be ascribed to the coumarin esculetin. The LEs moderately inhibited phytopathogenic bacteria but not fungi. Leaf chemistry differences in these Mesoamerican Diospyros species substantiated previous variability reported in tree physiology and fruit physical chemistry, postulated to result from domestication and seasonality.
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Ramírez-Briones E, Rodríguez Macías R, Casarrubias Castillo K, Del Río RE, Martínez-Gallardo N, Tiessen A, Ordaz-Ortiz J, Cervantes-Hernández F, Délano-Frier JP, Zañudo-Hernández J. Fruits of wild and semi-domesticated Diospyros tree species have contrasting phenological, metabolic, and antioxidant activity profiles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6020-6031. [PMID: 31226216 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to commercial Diospyros species, Mesoamerican fruit-producing species are scarcely known, particularly wild species that might harbor desirable traits suitable for breeding. Thus, metabolomic, chemical, and antioxidant profiles of fruits harvested from cultivated Diospyros digyna and wild Diospyros rekoi trees during consecutive winter seasons were obtained. Fruits were harvested in habitats having marked differences in soil quality, climate, and luminosity. RESULTS D. digyna fruits were larger and less acid than D. rekoi fruits, whereas antioxidant activity tended to be higher in D. rekoi fruits. Phenolic, flavonoid, and sugar contents also varied significantly between species. Metabolomic analysis allowed the pre-identification of 519 and 1665 metabolites in negative and positive electrospray ionization (ESI) modes, respectively. Principal component analysis of the positive ESI data explained 51.8% of the variance and indicated clear metabolomic differences between D. rekoi and D. digyna fruits that were confirmed by direct-injection ESI mass spectrometry profiles. Twenty-one discriminating metabolites were detected in fruits of both species; D. digyna fruits differentially accumulated lysophospholipids, whereas discriminating metabolites in D. rekoi fruits were chemically more diverse than those in D. digyna fruits. CONCLUSION Domesticated D. digyna fruits have improved physicochemical fruit traits compared with wild D. rekoi fruits, including larger size and lower acidity. The metabolomic and chemical composition of their respective fruits were also significantly different, which in D. rekoi was manifested as a notable season-dependent increase in antioxidant capacity. Therefore, wild D. rekoi can be considered as an important genetic resource for the improvement of commercial Diospyros fruit quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Ramírez-Briones
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Ramón Rodríguez Macías
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Kena Casarrubias Castillo
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
| | - Rosa E Del Río
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Natural Products Laboratory, Morelia, México
| | - Norma Martínez-Gallardo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - José Ordaz-Ortiz
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Guanajuato, México
| | - Felipe Cervantes-Hernández
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Guanajuato, México
| | - John Paul Délano-Frier
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Julia Zañudo-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Department of Botany and Zoology, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, México
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Zhu QG, Xu Y, Yang Y, Guan CF, Zhang QY, Huang JW, Grierson D, Chen KS, Gong BC, Yin XR. The persimmon ( Diospyros oleifera Cheng) genome provides new insights into the inheritance of astringency and ancestral evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31871686 PMCID: PMC6917749 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an oriental perennial woody fruit tree whose popular fruit is produced and consumed worldwide. The persimmon fruit is unique because of the hyperaccumulation of proanthocyanidins during fruit development, causing the mature fruit of most cultivars to have an astringent taste. In this study, we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for 'Youshi' (Diospyros oleifera, 2n = 2x = 30), the diploid species of persimmon, by integrating Illumina sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. The assembled D. oleifera genome consisted of 849.53 Mb, 94.14% (799.71 Mb) of which was assigned to 15 pseudochromosomes, and is the first assembled genome for any member of the Ebenaceae. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the D. oleifera genome underwent an ancient γ whole-genome duplication event. We studied the potential genetic basis for astringency development (proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) and removal (proanthocyanidin insolublization). Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes were mainly distributed on chromosome 1, and the clustering of these genes is responsible for the genetic stability of astringency heredity. Genome-based RNA-seq identified deastringency genes, and promoter analysis showed that most of their promoters contained large numbers of low oxygen-responsive motifs, which is consistent with the efficient industrial application of high CO2 treatment to remove astringency. Using the D. oleifera genome as the reference, SLAF-seq indicated that 'Youshi' is one of the ancestors of the cultivated persimmon (2n = 6x = 90). Our study provides significant insights into the genetic basis of persimmon evolution and the development and removal astringency, and it will facilitate the improvement of the breeding of persimmon fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-gang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Chang-fei Guan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Qiu-yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Jing-wen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Don Grierson
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kun-song Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
| | - Bang-chu Gong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400 PR China
| | - Xue-ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 PR China
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Rauf A, Uddin G, Patel S, Khan A, Halim SA, Bawazeer S, Ahmad K, Muhammad N, Mubarak MS. Diospyros, an under-utilized, multi-purpose plant genus: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:714-730. [PMID: 28499243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Diospyros from family Ebenaceae has versatile uses including edible fruits, valuable timber, and ornamental uses. The plant parts of numerous species have been in use as remedies in various folk healing practices, which include therapy for hemorrhage, incontinence, insomnia, hiccough, diarrhea etc. Phytochemical constituents such as terpenoids, ursanes, lupanes, polyphenols, tannins, hydrocarbons, and lipids, benzopyrones, naphthoquinones, oleananes, and taraxeranes have been isolated from different species of this genus. The biological activities of these plants such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, cosmeceutical, enzyme-inhibitory etc. have been validated by means of an in vitro, in vivo, and clinical tests. As a rich reserve of pharmacologically important components, this genus can accelerate the pace of drug discovery. Accordingly, the aim of the present review is to survey and summarize the recent literature pertaining to the medicinal and pharmacological uses of Diospyros, and to select experimental evidence on the pharmacological properties of this genus. In addition, the review also aims at identifying areas that need development to make use of this genus, especially its fruit and phytochemicals as means for economic development and for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Ghias Uddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, USA
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saud Bawazeer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box 42, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ahmad
- Department of Environmental, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Peyrat LA, Eparvier V, Eydoux C, Guillemot JC, Litaudon M, Stien D. Betulinic Acid, The First Lupane-Type Triterpenoid Isolated from Both a Phomopsis sp. and Its Host Plant Diospyros carbonaria Benoist. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [PMID: 27568476 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Following a biological screening using a dengue replicon virus-cell-based assay, Diospyros carbonaria AcOEt extract was investigated, affording six known lupane-type triterpenoids endowed with anti-DENV-2 NS5 polymerase activity. The study of the associated microbial community of this species permitted us to identify 38 endophytes belonging to five different orders. Nine out of these 38 strains showed significant activity on the dengue replicon assay. The chemical investigation of the most active one, Phomopsis sp. SNB-LAP1-7-32, led to the isolation of betulinic acid, an anti-viral secondary metabolite isolated previously from the host plant. This result is the first example of a lupane-type triterpenoid isolated from both an endophyte and its host plant. Its presence in the Phomopsis strain may result from gene transfer and/or specific niche selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Peyrat
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécilia Eydoux
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 163 Avenue de Luminy, FR-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 163 Avenue de Luminy, FR-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, FR-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
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