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Li KW, Raza F, Jiang LD, Su J, Qiu MF. Clerodendranthus Spicatus: A review of its active compounds, mechanisms of action, and clinical studies in urinary diseases. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106082. [PMID: 38901804 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C.Y.Wu (CS) is a widely studied plant that shows potential in treating urinary diseases. Previous studies have focused on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary and evaluation of the existing literature on CS. It also suggests future research directions to increase our understanding of its medicinal value. 129 pieces of literature were selected from several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-fang Database, and Google Scholar, and were analyzed. Forty-five active compounds of CS have pharmacological effects such as lowering uric acid, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and kidney protection. The potential mechanisms of these effects may be related to inhibiting transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) activation, reducing inflammatory factors such as IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2, IFN-γ, and IL-6 levels, suppressing the activation of NF-κB, JAK/STAT pathway, enhancing the clearance of ROS, MDA DPPH·, and O2 ̇ -, and regulating the expression of apoptosis-related pathways and proteins. This paper also discusses the quality control of CS and its efficacy and safety in treating urinary diseases. The study concludes that CS has a high potential for treating urinary diseases. Future studies should focus on observing the metabolic changes of CS active compounds in vivo and investigating the effects of CS on key signaling pathways. Additionally, more standardized and reasonable clinical studies and safety evaluation experiments should be conducted to obtain more clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liang-di Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming-Feng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Sun Y, Fu S, Liu B. Asymmetric synthesis of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2958-2962. [PMID: 38483290 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00104d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic study toward the construction of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A is described. The salient features include the introduction of a six-membered ring system through a HWE reaction, the construction of a stereocenter at C5 via a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction, and the installation of the fully functionalized six-membered A-ring of siphonol A through photolytic decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Zhu C, Niu H, Bian M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhou Z. Study on the mechanism of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. in the treatment of hyperuricemia by microbiome combined with metabonomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116805. [PMID: 37355082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Growing evidence indicates that hyperuricemia is closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (O. aristatus), as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat hyperuricemia in China. However, the mechanism by which O. aristatus treats hyperuricemia has not been clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated whether the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-hyperuricemia effect of O. aristatus is related to the regulation of gut microbiota by 16S rDNA gene sequencing combined with widely targeted metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by administration of 10% fructose and 20% yeast, and the uricosuric effect was assessed by measuring the uric acid (UA) levels in serum and cecal contents. Intestinal morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. To explore the effects of O. aristatus on the gut microbiota and its metabolites, we utilized 16S rDNA gene sequencing combined with widely targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the screened differential metabolites. The real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB) were used to detect the expression of relevant proteins in the key pathway. RESULTS Our results indicated that O. aristatus intervention decreased serum UA levels and increased the UA levels in cecal contents in hyperuricemic rats. Additionally, O. aristatus improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Specifically, 16S rDNA revealed that O. aristatus treatment significantly reduced the abundance of unidentified-Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group. Meanwhile, widely targeted metabolomics showed that 17 metabolites, including lactose, 4-oxopentanoate and butyrate, were elevated, while 55 metabolites, such as flavin adenine dinucleotide and xanthine, were reduced. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis found that O. aristatus was mainly involved in purine metabolism. Moreover, RT-PCR and WB suggested that O. aristatus could significantly up-regulate the expression of UA excretion transporter ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in the intestine. CONCLUSION O. aristatus exerts UA-lowering effect by regulating the gut microbiota and ABCG2 expression, indicating that this herb holds great promise in the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Meng Bian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wu S, Yan M, Liu J, Li Y, Tian R, Li C, Huang L, Lu Z, Xu P, Mao W. Clerodendranthus spicatus inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells through the NF-κB/Snail signalling pathway in hyperuricaemia nephropathy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1274-1285. [PMID: 37599625 PMCID: PMC10443970 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2243086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Clerodendranthus spicatus Thunb. (Labiatae) (CS), a perennial traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can reduce serum uric acid (sUA) levels and ameliorate renal function is widely used to treat hyperuricaemic nephropathy (HN). OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism of action of CS in HN treatment using in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, HN, CS and positive control allopurinol groups. The HN group was intraperitoneally injected with 750 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium (OA), whereas the CS group was injected with OA along with a gavage of CS (low dose 3.125 g/kg, high dose 6.25 g/kg) for five weeks. For in vitro studies, uric acid-treated HK2 cells were used to verify the therapeutic mechanism of CS in HN. RESULTS HN rats exhibit pathological phenotypes of elevated sUA levels and renal injury. CS significantly improved these symptoms and sUA (p < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) levels, and dramatically improved renal tubular injury in HN rats. The IC50 value of UA (uric acid) in HK2 cells was 826.32 ± 3.55 μg/mL; however, 120 ng/mL CS had no significant cytotoxicity on HK2 cells. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that CS inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and inhibited α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression while increasing E-cadherin expression, suggesting that CS inhibited the fibrotic process in renal cells, thus protecting renal function. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a fundamental understanding of the application of CS in HN treatment to better guide clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Zhao W, Zhang X, Wang Z, Han C, Xu J, Yang G, Peng J, Li Z. An integrative analysis to predict the active compounds and explore polypharmacological mechanisms of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107160. [PMID: 37321099 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon stamineus Benth is a dietary supplement and traditional Chinese herb with widespread clinical applications, but a comprehensive understanding of its active compounds and polypharmacological mechanisms is lacking. This study aimed to systematically investigate the natural compounds and molecular mechanisms of O. stamineus via network pharmacology. METHODS Information on compounds from O. stamineus was collected via literature retrieval, while physicochemical properties and drug-likeness were evaluated using SwissADME. Protein targets were screened using SwissTargetPrediction, while the compound-target networks were constructed and analyzed via Cytoscape with CytoHubba for seed compounds and core targets. Enrichment analysis and disease ontology analysis were then carried out, generating target-function and compound-target-disease networks to intuitively explore potential pharmacological mechanisms. Lastly, the relationship between active compounds and targets was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics simulation. RESULTS A total of 22 key active compounds and 65 targets were identified and the main polypharmacological mechanisms of O. stamineus were addressed. The molecular docking results suggested that nearly all core compounds and their targets possess good binding affinity. In addition, the separation of receptor and ligands was not observed in all dynamics simulation processes, whereas complexes of orthosiphol Z-AR and Y-AR performed best in simulations of molecular dynamics. CONCLUSION This study successfully identified the polypharmacological mechanisms of the main compounds in O. stamineus, and predicted five seed compounds along with 10 core targets. Moreover, orthosiphol Z, orthosiphol Y, and their derivatives can be utilized as lead compounds for further research and development. The findings here provide improved guidance for subsequent experiments, and we identified potential active compounds for drug discovery or health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Weiqing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province and The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Zongqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Xu
- Department of Yi Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Department of Medical Research Information, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Traditional Yi Medicine Hospital of Yunnan Province), Chuxiong, Yunnan, 675000, PR China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
| | - Zhaofu Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650021, PR China; Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center of Rheumatism in TCM, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650021, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Ruan J, Gao Q, Yang D, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang T. Highly oxygenated diterpenoids in Clerodendranthus spicatus and their bioactivity, A review. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Forzato C, Nitti P. New Diterpenes with Potential Antitumoral Activity Isolated from Plants in the Years 2017-2022. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2240. [PMID: 36079622 PMCID: PMC9460660 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes represent a wider class of isoprenoids, with more than 18,000 isolated compounds, and are present in plants, fungi, bacteria, and animals in both terrestrial and marine environments. Here, we report on the fully characterised structures of 251 new diterpenes, isolated from higher plants and published from 2017, which are shown to have antitumoral activity. An overview on the most active compounds, showing IC50 < 20 μM, is provided for diterpenes of different classes. The most active compounds were extracted from 29 different plant families; particularly, Euphorbiaceae (69 compounds) and Lamiaceae (54 compounds) were the richest sources of active compounds. A better activity than the positive control was obtained with 33 compounds against the A549 cell line, 28 compounds against the MCF-7 cell line, 9 compounds against the HepG2 cell line, 8 compounds against the Hep3B cell line, 19 compounds against the SMMC-7721 cell line, 9 compounds against the HL-60 cell line, 24 compounds against the SW480 cell line, and 19 compounds against HeLa.
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Li W, Sun LT, Zhao L, Yue XD, Dai SJ. New C 9 -Monoterpenoid Alkaloids Featuring a Rare Skeleton with Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Activities from Forsythia suspensa. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100668. [PMID: 34812586 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Forsyqinlingines C (1) and D (2), two C9 -monoterpenoid alkaloids bearing a rare skeleton, were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were fully elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and ECD experiments. The plausible biogenetic pathway for compounds 1 and 2 was also proposed. In vitro, two C9 -monoterpenoid alkaloids showed anti-inflammatory activity performed by the inhibitory effect on the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as well as antiviral activity against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Li-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Dian Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
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Li W, Zhao L, Sun LT, Xie ZP, Zhang SM, Yue XD, Dai SJ. Trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids featuring an unprecedented skeleton with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities from Forsythia suspensa. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29684-29689. [PMID: 35479562 PMCID: PMC9040924 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Their structures, including absolute stereochemical configurations, were fully elucidated from extensive spectroscopy experiments, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). In addition, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for the formation of compounds 1 and 2 in Forsythia suspensa was also proposed. In vitro, the two C17-labdane diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the release of β-glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and antiviral activities against influenza A (H1N1) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Two unique trinorlabdane diterpenoid alkaloids, forsyqinlingines A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ripe fruits of Forsythia suspensa, and found to show significant anti-inflammatory activities and anti-viral activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Li-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Ze-Ping Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China
| | - Shu-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Binzhou Medical University Yantai 264003 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Dian Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Jun Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
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Zhu C, Niu H, Nie A, Bian M. Bioactivity-guided separation of potential α-glycosidase inhibitor from clerodendranthus spicatus based on HSCCC coupled with molecular docking. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6914. [PMID: 33767281 PMCID: PMC7994796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clerodendranthus Spicatus is a traditional Dais medi-edible plant and it has been proven to have good blood glucose-lowering efficacy. However, the material basis of Clerodendranthus Spicatus has not been clarified yet and therefore needs to be determined. In this paper, the effective ingredients of this medicine were purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Alongside, their potential hypoglycemic activity was determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in vitro and molecular docking. Finally, five compounds were purified and identified as 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid (1), N-(E)-caffeoyldopamine (2), rosmarinc acid (3), methyl rosmarinate (4), 6,7,8,3',4'-Pentamethoxyflavone (5). Examination of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro showed that 2-caffeoyl-L-tartaric acid and rosmarinic acid had a higher inhibitory activity than acarbose. Molecular docking indicated that the affinity energy of the identified compounds ranged from - 7.6 to - 8.6 kcal/mol, a more desirable result than acarbose (- 6.6 kcal/mol). Particularly, rosmarinc acid with the lowest affinity energy of - 8.6 kcal/mol was wrapped with 6 hydrogen bonds. Overall, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and molecular docking suggested that rosmarinc acid was likely to be a promising hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Meng Bian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Wen Q, Feng Y, Tan T. Comprehensive chemical and metabolic profiling of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction from Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1805-1814. [PMID: 33569908 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extensive pharmacological research has demonstrated that Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba has an obvious anti-hyperglycemic effect via α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, the anti-hyperglycemic active fraction and its metabolic behavior in vivo have not been elaborated clearly. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry with data filtering strategy, including mass defect screening, diagnostic product ions and neutral loss identification, was established for chemical and metabolic profiling of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction from Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba. A total of 28 methoxylated flavonoids and 61 diterpenoids were rapidly identified. Four main known methoxylated flavonoids were purified and unambiguously identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Thirty-one absorbed diterpenoids, 12 absorbed methoxylated flavonoids, and 56 methoxylated flavonoids metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, bile, and feces after oral administration of anti-hyperglycemic active fraction. The methoxylated flavonoids were predominantly metabolized by demethylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. Glucuronidation metabolites found in bile and urine after demethylation were dominant metabolites. Diterpenoids were absorbed into the blood mainly in the form of prototypes and excreted through bile and urine. These results indicated that methoxylated flavonoids and diterpenoids were responsible for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which might provide novel drug candidates for the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wen
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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Chen WD, Zhao YL, Dai Z, Zhou ZS, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory diterpenoids with highly oxygenated substituents from kidney tea (Clerodendranthus spicatus). J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13511. [PMID: 33103258 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The whole plant of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) is one of popular functional food in south of China, named as "kidney tea" and used to ameliorate renal inflammation. In order to verify this potential function and explore the accurate compounds responsible for inflammation, the ethanol extract, fractions, and subfractions of this plant were prepared to evaluate anti-inflammation effect on xylene-induced acute inflammatory mice model, and the results indicated that two subfractions from EtOAc fraction show potential activities. Subsequent bioassay-guided isolation of the bioactive subfractions led to isolation of 25 compounds. Among them, compounds 2, 4, 5, 9-11, 13, 16, 17, and 20-22 inhibited the productions of pro-inflammation factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced renal epithelia (HK-2) cells, respectively. Further anti-inflammation evaluation in vivo indicated that the major bioactive compounds 1, 2, 5-7, 17, 21, and 22 from C. spicatus were even better than aspirin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: C. spicatus as a healthy tea has been available in the Chinese market and as a medicine for various disorders such as nephritis, rheumatism, inflammation, gout, and diabetes. Previous pharmacological investigation of the plant revealed the potential anti-inflammatory activities, but the material basis of anti-inflammatory activity remains to be elucidated. In our study, the anti-inflammatory fractions and compounds were obtained by the bioassay-guide isolation and the results showed that the highly oxygenated diterpenoids were major anti-inflammatory compounds, in which 1, 2, 5-7, 17, 21, and 22 were even better than aspirin. This information supported kidney tea as a functional food for treatment of renal inflammation reasonably and may add a new dimension to biological activity of this plant in the field of agriculture as a functional food were cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Chen WD, Zhao YL, Sun WJ, He YJ, Liu YP, Jin Q, Yang XW, Luo XD. "Kidney Tea" and Its Bioactive Secondary Metabolites for Treatment of Gout. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9131-9138. [PMID: 32786873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clerodendranthus spicatus, popularly known as "kidney tea" in China, is consumed traditionally as a functional food for treatment of renal inflammation, dysuria, and gout. We evaluated the effects of C. spicatus on gout by assessing activities of antihyperuricemia, anti-gouty arthritis, and analgesia in vivo, and the results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction shows potential activities. Subsequent phytochemical investigation of this fraction led to the isolation of 32 compounds, consisting of 20 diterpenoids (including the new orthosiphonones E and F), 2 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 2 lignanoids, and 2 phenolic acid derivatives. Pharmacological investigation of the pure compounds in the cellular model of hyperuricemia indicated that 12 compounds could promote the excretion of uric acid at 10 μg/mL, and compounds 3, 4, 5, and 21 had better effects than that of benzbromarone, a famous uricosuric drug. Furthermore, compounds 4, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, 23, 26, and 31 showed significant anti-gouty arthritis activity in monosodium urate (MSU)-induced joint swelling at the dose of 50 mg/kg, while compounds 4, 5, 7, 9, and 26 exhibited significant inhibition of pain induced by acetic acid. Our findings provided scientific justification to support the traditional application of "kidney tea" for treating gout and suggested its good application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
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Luo Y, Wen Q, Lai CJS, Feng Y, Tan T. Characterization of polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with target and nontarget data mining strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1884-1893. [PMID: 31295373 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clerodendranthi Spicati Herba (CSH) is often used to treat urinary stones, urinary tract infections and nephritis in China. Much literature has reported that polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids are the major bioactive components in CSH. Therefore, it is very meaningful to identify the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in CSH. METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS) analysis with target and nontarget data mining strategy was proposed to rapidly profile the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in CSH. Diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filter were beneficial for identifying the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids from complex compounds in CSH. RESULTS A total of 118 compounds, including 85 polymeric phenolic acids and 33 flavonoids, were reasonably identified in CSH by comparing their main fragmentation pathways with literature data, and 85 of them were discovered in CSH firstly by nontarget analysis. Nine potential compounds were characterized tentatively as new pentameric and hexameric phenolic acids in CSH. Six types of polymeric phenolic acids (monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer) and four types of flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin) were identified in CSH. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS method coupled with target and nontarget data mining strategy was feasible and rational for identifying the polymeric phenolic acids and flavonoids in complex chemical constituents of CSH. The findings will be conducive to the discovery of the active ingredients of CSH and the establishment of quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Quan Wen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ting Tan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yangming Road, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330006, China
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15
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Zhang J, Wen Q, Qian K, Feng Y, Luo Y, Tan T. Metabolic profile of rosmarinic acid from Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with a three-step data mining strategy. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4599. [PMID: 31108569 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a caffeic acid derivative and one of the most abundant and bioactive constituents in Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), which has significant biological activities. However, relatively few studies have been conducted to describe this compound's metabolites in vivo. Therefore, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis with a three-step data mining strategy was established for the metabolic profile of RA. Firstly, the exogenously sourced ions were filtered out by the MarkerView software and incorporated with Microsoft Office Excel software. Secondly, a novel modified mass detects filter strategy based on the predicted metabolites was developed for screening the target ions with narrow, well-defined mass detection ranges. Thirdly, the diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy were applied for the rapid identification of the metabolites. Finally, a total of 16 metabolites were reasonably identified in urine, bile and feces, while metabolites were barely found in plasma. The metabolites of RA could also be distributed rapidly in liver and kidney. Glucuronidation, methylation and sulfation were the primary metabolic pathways of RA. The present findings might provide the theoretical basis for evaluating the biological activities of RA and its future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Quan Wen
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Qian
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Tan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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