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Li JJ, Chen ZH, Liu CJ, Kang YS, Tu XP, Liang H, Shi W, Zhang FX. The phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity of Forsythiae Fructus: An updated systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114096. [PMID: 38641141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus (FF), the dried fruit of F. suspensa, is commonly used to treat fever, inflammation, etc in China or other Asian countries. FF is usually used as the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of influenza, such as Shuang-huang-lian oral liquid and Yin-qiao powder, etc. Since the wide application and core role of FF, its research progress was summarized in terms of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity. Meanwhile, the anti-influenza substances and mechanism of FF were emphasized. Till now, a total of 290 chemical components are identified in F. suspensa, and among them, 248 components were isolated and identified from FF, including 42 phenylethanoid glycosides, 48 lignans, 59 terpenoids, 14 flavonoids, 3 steroids, 24 cyclohexyl ethanol derivatives, 14 alkaloids, 26 organic acids, and 18 other types. FF and their pure compounds have the pharmacological activities of anti-virus, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. Inhibition of TLR7, RIG-I, MAVS, NF-κB, MyD88 signaling pathway were the reported anti-influenza mechanisms of FF and phenylethanoid glycosides and lignans are the main active groups. However, the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides and lignans of FF in vivo was low, which needed to be improved. Simultaneously, the un-elucidated compounds and anti-influenza substances of FF strongly needed to be explored. The current quality control of FF was only about forsythoside A and phillyrin, more active components should be taken into consideration. Moreover, there are no reports of toxicity of FF yet, but the toxicity of FF should be not neglected in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Shuo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xin-Pu Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Valadares JMDM, Bajaj SO, Li H, Wang HYL, Silva SC, Garcia IJP, Pereira DG, Azalim P, Quintas LEM, Noël F, Cortes VF, O'Doherty GA, Barbosa LA. Cytotoxic effect of carbohydrate derivatives of digitoxigenin involves modulation of plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1903-1914. [PMID: 34553411 PMCID: PMC8671332 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin and digitoxin, are compounds that interact with Na+ /K+ -ATPase to induce anti-neoplastic effects; however, these cardiac glycosides have narrow therapeutic index. Thus, semi-synthetic analogs of digitoxin with modifications in the sugar moiety has been shown to be an interesting approach to obtain more selective and more effective analogs than the parent natural product. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potential of novel digitoxigenin derivatives, digitoxigenin-α-L-rhamno-pyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin-α-L-amiceto-pyranoside (2), in cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and human diploid lung fibroblasts (Wi-26-VA4). In addition, we studied the anticancer mechanisms of action of these compounds by comparing its cytotoxic effects with the potential to modulate the activity of three P-type ATPases; Na+ /K+ -ATPase, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA), and plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPase (PMCA). Briefly, the results showed that compounds 1 and 2 were more cytotoxic and selectivity for HeLa tumor cells than the nontumor cells Wi-26-VA4. While the anticancer cytotoxicity in HeLa cells involves the modulation of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, PMCA and SERCA, the modulation of these P-type ATPases was completely absent in Wi-26-VA4 cells, which suggest the importance of their role in the cytotoxic effect of compounds 1 and 2 in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the compound 2 inhibited directly erythrocyte ghosts PMCA and both compounds were more cytotoxic than digitoxin in HeLa cells. These results provide a better understanding of the mode of action of the synthetic cardiac glycosides and highlights 1 and 2 as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Martins de Moura Valadares
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindú, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sumit O Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hua-Yu L Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Cavalcante Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Israel José Pereira Garcia
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindú, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Duane Gischewiski Pereira
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindú, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Azalim
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Menezes Quintas
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - François Noël
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia Bioquímica e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Faria Cortes
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindú, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindú, Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Langeder J, Grienke U, Döring K, Jafari M, Ehrhardt C, Schmidtke M, Rollinger JM. High-performance Countercurrent Chromatography to Access Rhodiola rosea Influenza Virus Inhibiting Constituents. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:818-826. [PMID: 32781473 DOI: 10.1055/a-1228-8473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a cytopathic effect inhibition assay, a standardized Rhodiola rosea root and rhizome extract, also known as roseroot extract (SHR-5), exerted distinct anti-influenza A virus activity against HK/68 (H3N2) (IC50 of 2.8 µg/mL) without being cytotoxic. For fast and efficient isolation and identification of the extract's bioactive constituents, a high-performance countercurrent chromatographic separation method was developed. It resulted in a three-stage gradient elution program using a mobile phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (1 : 4 : 5 → 2 : 3 : 5 → 3 : 2 : 5) in the reversed-phase mode. The elaborated high-performance countercurrent chromatographic method allowed for fractionation of the complex roseroot extract in a single chromatographic step in a way that only one additional orthogonal isolation/purification step per fraction yielded 12 isolated constituents. They cover a broad polarity range and belong to different structural classes, namely, the phenylethanoid tyrosol and its glucoside salidroside, the cinnamyl alcohol glycosides rosavin, rosarin, and rosin as well as gallic acid, the cyanogenic glucoside lotaustralin, the monoterpene glucosides rosiridin and kenposide A, and the flavonoids tricin, tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and rhodiosin. The most promising anti-influenza activities were determined for rhodiosin, tricin, and tricin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside with IC50 values of 7.9, 13, and 15 µM, respectively. The herein established high-performance countercurrent chromatographic protocol enables fast and scalable access to major as well as minor roseroot constituents. This is of particular relevance for extract standardization, quality control, and further in-depth pharmacological investigations of the metabolites of this popular traditional herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Döring
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University, Jena, Germany
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Quílez del Moral JF, Pérez Á, Navarro MJS, Galisteo A, Gonzalez-Coloma A, Andrés MF, Barrero AF. Selective Extraction of Bioactive Phenylethanoids from Digitalis obscura. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050959. [PMID: 34065844 PMCID: PMC8150932 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardenolide-free extracts from Digitalis obscura showed significant antifeedant effects against the aphid Myzus persicae and this activity correlated with their phenylethanoid content. The content in phenylethanoids of Digitalis obscura has been studied. Maceration of the aerial parts of D. obscura was used for the selective extraction of the natural compound rengyolone (1) and the aglycone of cornoside (compound 3). Pure rengyolone (1) can be obtained from D. obscura in approximately 90% purity from fresh plant from the CHCl3 soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract (0.8% yield). The ethanol extraction of freshly collected D. obscura showed the presence of compound 3 as the only phenylethanoid. Compound 3 was proven to easily evolve to rengyolone. Due to this instability, and although its presence in plants has been previously reported, the spectroscopical data of 3 are reported herein for the first time. Selective mono-acetylation of compound of 3 led to the active natural compound hallerone (5). The aphid antifeedant (against Myzus persicae) and nematicidal (against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica) activities of these compounds have been evaluated. Here we report for the first time on the aphid antifeedant effects of 1, 3, and 5. Additionally, the nematicidal activity of hallerone (5) is described here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Quílez del Moral
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.P.); (M.J.S.N.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.Q.d.M.); (A.F.B.); Tel.: +34-958-243-185 (A.F.B.)
| | - Álvaro Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.P.); (M.J.S.N.); (A.G.)
| | - María José Segura Navarro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.P.); (M.J.S.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Galisteo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.P.); (M.J.S.N.); (A.G.)
| | | | - María Fe Andrés
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-C.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Alejandro F. Barrero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (Á.P.); (M.J.S.N.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.Q.d.M.); (A.F.B.); Tel.: +34-958-243-185 (A.F.B.)
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Kutluay VM, Ishiuchi K, Makino T, Saracoglu I. Cytotoxic phenylethanoid glycosides from Digitalis davisiana Heywood: Evaluation of structure activity relationships and chemotaxonomical significance of isolated compounds. Fitoterapia 2019; 135:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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