1
|
Hop NQ, Son NT. The quassinoids bruceines A-M: pharmacology, mechanism of action, synthetic advance, and pharmacokinetics-a review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03281-7. [PMID: 38985315 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Bruceines A-L are among the quassinoid representatives found in the medicinal plant Brucea javanica (L.). An overview of their pharmacological activities is still unknown. The given research deals with highlights in their pharmacological result, molecular mechanism of action, synthetic progress, and pharmacokinetics. From previous evidence, bruceine derivatives are potential agents for anticancer treatments, as well as they are appropriate to treat inflammation, diabetes, and parasitic infections, and protect the neurons, kidneys, and lungs. Cytokine inhibitions, oxidative stress responses, and various signaling pathways, such as MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B), have been proposed as the underlying mechanisms of action. Synthetic approaches to synthesize new derivatives with enhancement activities are based on free hydroxyl group modifications. Bruceines seem to be promptly absorbed by both oral and intravenous administrations, but their bioavailability is not high (less than 6%). Pre-clinical and clinical studies to prove their anticancer potential and other activities are urgent. Structural modifications, nano-combinations, and synergistic effects are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Hop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 (HPU2), 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuanhoa, Phucyen, Vinhphuc, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Yu D, Li X, Deng Q, Yang H, Chen L, Bai L. A review of Brucea javanica: metabolites, pharmacology and clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1317620. [PMID: 38371913 PMCID: PMC10871038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1317620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines advances in the metabolites, pharmacological research, and therapeutic applications of the medicinal fruit of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Brucea javanica (BJ) is derived from the fruit of the Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. There are nearly 200 metabolites present in BJ, and due to the diversity of its metabolites, BJ has a wide range of pharmacological effects. The traditional pharmacological effects of BJ include anti-dysentery, anti-malaria, etc. The research investigating the contemporary pharmacological impacts of BJ mainly focuses on its anti-tumor properties. In the article, the strong monomeric metabolites among these pharmacological effects were preliminarily screened. Regarding the pharmacological mechanism of action, current research has initially explored BJ's pharmacological agent and molecular signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive system has yet to be established. BJ preparations have been utilized in clinical settings and have demonstrated effectiveness. Nevertheless, clinical research is primarily limited to observational studies, and there is a need for higher-quality research evidence to support its clinical application. There are still many difficulties and obstacles in studying BJ. However, it is indisputable that BJ is a botanical drugs with significant potential for application, and it is expected to have broader global usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital of Sichuan Province, Guangyuan, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He X, Tan T, Yang S, Feng Y, Wen Q. Characterisation of an anticomplement polysaccharide BP-S1 from seeds of Brucea javanica. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38189427 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided purification obtained polysaccharide BP-S1 from seeds of Brucea javanica. The results showed that BP-S1 was a homogenous polysaccharide with molecular weight of 45.7 kDa, mainly composed of arabinose and glucose in the ratio of 1.0:1.0 and the backbone of BP-S1 was deduced to be →3,4)-α-Glup-(1→ with branches of →2)-α-Arap-(1→and α-Arap-(1→, and the possible repetitive units were speculated according to result of methylation and 2D-NMR. Moreover, BP-S1 is a periodic rope-like structure. Functional analysis revealed that BP-S1 inhibited complement activation on the classic and alternative pathways with values of CH50 0.073 ± 0.012 mg/mL and AP50 0.097 ± 0.004 mg/mL, respectively. In mechanism study, using complement component depleted-sera methods indicated that BP-S1 selectively interacted with C3 and C4 components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ting Tan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy- Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy- Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy- Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Jin T, Gao M, Luo Z, Mutahir S, Shi C, Xie T, Lin L, Xu J, Liao Y, Chen M, Deng H, Zheng M, Shan J. Aqueous extract of Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling. Chin Med 2023; 18:36. [PMID: 37016413 PMCID: PMC10071731 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI), an acute inflammatory lung disease, can cause a rapid inflammatory response in clinic, which endangers the patient's life. The components of platycodon grandiflorum, such as platycodins have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as expectorant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant properties, and can be used for improving human immunity. Previous studies have shown that aqueous extract of platycodon grandiflorum (PAE) has a certain protective effect on ALI, but the main pharmacodynamic components and the mechanism of action are not clear. METHODS The anti-inflammatory properties of PAE were studied using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI animal model. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used to assess the degree of acute lung damage. Changes in RNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs were measured using quantitative RT-qPCR. The potential molecular mechanism of PAE preventing ALI was predicted by lipidomics and network pharmacology. To examine the anti-apoptotic effects of PAE, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) was employed to determine apoptosis-related variables. The amounts of critical pathway proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were measured using Western blotting. RESULTS Twenty-six chemical components from the PAE were identified, and their related pathways were obtained by the network pharmacology. Combined with the analysis of network pharmacology and literature, it was found that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is related to ALI. The results of lipidomics show that PAE alleviates ALI via regulating lung lipids especially phosphatidylinositol (PI). Finally, the methods of molecular biology were used to verify the mechanism of PAE. It can be found that PAE attenuates the inflammatory response to ALI by inhibiting apoptosis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the PAE attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling. Furthermore, our findings provide a novel strategy for the application of PAE as a potential agent for preventing patients with ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Wuhu Fanchang District People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Tianzi Jin
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingtong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sadaf Mutahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, 51300, Pakistan
| | - Chen Shi
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianya Xu
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yingzhao Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Haishan Deng
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai P, Chen S, Wang M, Ma H, Liu F, Lin C, Zhu C. β-Carboline alkaloids from Picrasma quassioides and their 3D-QSAR study on anti-inflammation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105437. [PMID: 36693439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new β-carboline alkaloids (1-2), 1-pyrrolidone propionyl-β-carboline (1) and 1-(3-hydroxy-2-oxopiperidine-1-ethyl)-4,8-dimethoxyl-β-carboline (2), named kumujantine W and J respectively, together with ten known compounds (3-12) were isolated from the stems of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Their structures were elucidated from spectral data including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations as well as by comparison to the reference databases or literature. The anti-inflammatory effects of these alkaloids (1-12) and six other β-carboline alkaloids (13-18) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 6, 15, and 17 could inhibit the secretion of NO, displaying significant anti-inflammatory activity without affecting cell viability in vitro, and 3D-QSAR analysis further revealed the influence of groups on the activity in β-carboline alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Simin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fangle Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu ZF, Su JC, Sun X, Xia RF, Wu JL, Fu XN, Zhang BZ, Chen JC, Wan LS. Brujavanoids A-U, structurally diverse apotirucallane-type triterpenoids from Brucea javanica and their anti-inflammatory effects. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106012. [PMID: 35830756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensive phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of the inflorescences, twigs, and leaves of Brucea javanica led to the isolation and identification of 27 triterpenoids, including 21 previously undescribed ones, named brujavanoids A-U (1-21). Their structures were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Of these compounds, brujavanoid A (1) represents the first apotirucallane-type triterpenoid with a novel 19(10 → 9)abeo motif, and brujavanoids B and C (2-3) are the first apotirucallane-type triterpenoids with a rarely occurring 14-hydorxy-15,16-epoxy fragment. All the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells model. Furthermore, the most active one, brujavanoid E (5), can suppress the transcriptional expression of typical pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the LPS- activated RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Fan Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Feng Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Le Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhu Zhang
- Hebei Technological Innovation Center of Chiral Medicine, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Chun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luo-Sheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yeshi K, Turpin G, Jamtsho T, Wangchuk P. Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123849. [PMID: 35744969 PMCID: PMC9231311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerry Turpin
- Tropical Herbarium of Australia, James Cook University, Building E1, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Yangchenphug High School, Ministry of Education, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pazur EJ, Wipf P. Recent syntheses and biological profiling of quassinoids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3870-3889. [PMID: 35506992 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quassinoid natural products have gained considerable recognition for their diverse biological properties and their synthetically challenging, highly oxygenated polycyclic structures. Herein, we discuss strategies and tactics in the total synthesis of quassinoids that have been evolving over the past 15 years. Additionally, recent structure-activity relationships and potential biological mechanisms of actions are briefly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Pazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Xu HX, Dou YX, Huang QH, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Major Constituents From Brucea javanica and Their Pharmacological Actions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853119. [PMID: 35370639 PMCID: PMC8971814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucea javanica (Ya-dan-zi in Chinese) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, which is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, and cancer. The formulation of the oil (Brucea javanica oil) has been widely used to treat various types of cancer. It has also been found that B. javanica is rich in chemical constituents, including quassinoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and flavonoids. Pharmacological studies have revealed that chemical compounds derived from B. javanica exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and others. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the pharmacological properties of the main chemical constituents presented in B. javanica and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the review will also provide scientific references for further research and development of B. javanica and its chemical constituents into novel pharmaceutical products for disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Xing Dou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Hui Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Fang Xian, ; Zhi-Xiu Lin,
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Fang Xian, ; Zhi-Xiu Lin,
| |
Collapse
|