New diketopiperazine alkaloid and polyketides from marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. TW58-16 with antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori

Antibacterial properties of natural products from marine fungi reported between 2012 and 2023: a review

The oceans are rich in diverse microorganisms, animals, and plants. This vast biological complexity is a major source of unique secondary metabolites. In particular, marine fungi are a promising source of compounds with unique structures and potent antibacterial properties. Over the last decade, substantial progress has been made to identify these valuable antibacterial agents. This review summarizes the chemical structures and antibacterial activities of 223 compounds identified between 2012 and 2023. These compounds, effective against various bacteria including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, exhibit strong potential as antibacterial therapeutics. The review also highlights the relevant challenges in transitioning from drug discovery to product commercialization. Emerging technologies such as metagenomics and synthetic biology are proposed as viable solutions. This paper sets the stage for further research on antibacterial compounds derived from marine fungi and advocates a multidisciplinary approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria.

Novel Bioactive Natural Products from Marine-Derived Penicillium Fungi: A Review (2021-2023)

Marine-derived Penicillium fungi are productive sources of structurally unique and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, representing a hot topic in natural product research. This review describes structural diversity, bioactivities and statistical research of 452 new natural products from marine-derived Penicillium fungi covering 2021 to 2023. Sediments are the main sources of marine-derived Penicillium fungi for producing nearly 56% new natural products. Polyketides, alkaloids, and terpenoids displayed diverse biological activities and are the major contributors to antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory capacities. Polyketides had higher proportions of new bioactive compounds in new compounds than other chemical classes. The characteristics of studies in recent years are presented.

Marine natural products

Covering: January to the end of December 2022This review covers the literature published in 2022 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 645 citations (633 for the period January to December 2022) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, the submerged parts of mangroves and other intertidal plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (1417 in 384 papers for 2022), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of NP structure class diversity in relation to biota source and biome is discussed.

The potential of marine-derived piperazine alkaloids: Sources, structures and bioactivities

Marine-derived piperazine alkaloids (MDPAs) constitute a significant group of natural compounds known for their diverse structures and biological activities. Over the past five decades, substantial efforts have been devoted to isolating these alkaloids from marine sources and characterizing their chemical and bioactive profiles. To date, a total of 922 marine-derived piperazine alkaloids have been reported from various marine organisms. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological properties, including cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and various other activities. Notably, among these activities, cytotoxicity emerges as the most prominent characteristic of marine-derived piperazine alkaloids. This review also summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies associated with the cytotoxicity of these compounds. In summary, our objective is to provide an overview of the research progress concerning marine-derived piperazine alkaloids, with the aim of fostering their continued development and utilization.

Antiparasitic Activities of Compounds Isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus Strain Discovered in Northcentral Nigeria

In this study, we explored a fungal strain UIAU-3F identified as Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from soil samples collected from the River Oyun in Kwara State, Nigeria. In order to explore its chemical diversity, the fungal strain UIAU-3F was cultured in three different fermentation media, which resulted in different chemical profiles, evidenced by LC-ESI-MS-based metabolomics and multivariate analysis. The methanolic extract afforded two known compounds, fumitremorgin C (1) and pseurotin D (2). The in vitro antiparasitic assays of 1 against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum showed moderate activity with IC50 values of 9.6 µM and 2.3 µM, respectively, while 2 displayed IC50 values > 50 µM. Molecular docking analysis was performed on major protein targets to better understand the potential mechanism of the antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities of the two known compounds.

Anthranilic Acid Accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Expression of a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616

Heterologous expression of nrps33, a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, from Paecilomyces cinnamomeus BCC 9616 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae unexpectedly resulted in the accumulation of anthranilic acid, an intermediate in tryptophan biosynthesis. Based on transcriptomic and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results, expression of nrps33 affected the transcription of tryptophan biosynthesis genes especially TRP1 which is also the selectable auxotrophic marker for the expression vector used in this work. The product of nrps33 could inhibit the activity of Trp4 involved in the conversion of anthranilate to N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate and therefore caused the accumulation of anthranilic acid. This accumulation could in turn result in down-regulation of downstream tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Anthranilic acid is typically produced by chemical synthesis and has been used as a substrate for synthesising bioactive compounds including commercial drugs; our results could provide a new biological platform for production of this compound.