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Chalkappa PKB, Aralihalli S, Sudileti M, Aithal SJ, Praveen BM, Birjadar K. The medicinal panorama of benzimidazoles and their scaffolds as anticancer and antithrombotic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300206. [PMID: 37440107 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds have become a prospective pharmacophore with therapeutic importance due to their biological similarities with natural and synthetic drugs. Among all nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, benzimidazoles and their derivatives are privileged molecules structurally akin to naturally available nucleotides, enabling them to intercommunicate with numerous biopolymers in biological systems. This reason enlightens modern researchers worldwide to assess their potential significance in the context of synthetic and biological chemistry. Therefore, it is crucial to merge the latest data with the prior documentation to apprehend the ongoing situation of the benzimidazole moiety in various therapeutic zones of research. The current work displays that the benzimidazole center is a versatile nucleus that offers the necessary data of synthetic alterations for pre-existing compounds to provide new scaffolds to resist numerous therapeutic sectors, including those associated with anticancer and antithrombosis. Due to the potential significance of benzimidazoles, this review aims to emphasize the latest innovations in synthesizing several other notable benzimidazole substrates and their significant pharmacological prospects for the future, including anticancer and antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakara Aralihalli
- Department of Chemistry, RajaRajeswari College of Engineering, Banglore, Karnataka, India
| | - Murali Sudileti
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Kedarnath Birjadar
- Department of Chemistry, Srinivas University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Green and efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of novel drug-like furo[2,3–d]pyrimidines as potential active site inhibitors and putative allosteric hotspots modulators of both SARS-CoV-2 MPro and PLPro. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106390. [PMID: 37037129 PMCID: PMC9883075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an environmentally benign, convenient, and efficient one-pot three-component reaction has been developed for the regioselective synthesis of novel 5-aroyl(or heteroaroyl)-6-(alkylamino)-1,3-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (4a‒n) through the sequential condensation of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (1a‒g), 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (2), and alkyl(viz. cyclohexyl or tert-butyl)isocyanides (3a or 3b) catalyzed by ultra-low loading ZrOCl2•8H2O (just 2 mol%) in water at 50 ˚C. After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (4a‒n), their multi-targeting inhibitory properties were investigated against the active site and putative allosteric hotspots of both SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro) and papain-like protease (PLPro) based on molecular docking studies and compare the attained results with various medicinal compounds which approximately in three past years were used, introduced, and or repurposed to fight against COVID-19. Furthermore, drug-likeness properties of the mentioned small heterocyclic frameworks (4a‒n) have been explored using in silico ADMET analyses. Interestingly, the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data revealed that the novel series of furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (4a‒n), especially 5-(3,4-methylendioxybenzoyl)-6-(cyclohexylamino)-1,3-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4g) as hit one is potential COVID-19 drug candidate, can subject to further in vitro and in vivo studies. It is worthwhile to note that the protein-ligand-type molecular docking studies on the human body temperature-dependent MPro protein that surprisingly contains zincII (ZnII) ion between His41/Cys145 catalytic dyad in the active site, which undoubtedly can make new plans for designing novel SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitors, is performed for the first time in this paper, to the best of our knowledge.
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Yilmaz M, Inal AU. Microwave assisted synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]furo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-ones by radical addition of 2-hydroxy-4H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidin-4-ones to various conjugated alkenes and dienes mediated Mn(OAc)3. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu XL, Li J. Crystal structure of 3-allyl-4-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-( p-tolyl)furan, C 23H 23BrO 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C23H23BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 24.193(4) Å, b = 5.8614(10) Å, c = 13.873(3) Å, β = 93.168(3)∘, V = 1964.3(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0915, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Xu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering , Nanyang Institute of Technology , 473004 , Nanyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Li
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine , Nanyang Institute of Technology , 473004 , Nanyang , Henan , People’s Republic of China
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5
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Yu H, Li J. Crystal structure of 3-allyl-4-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylfuran, C22H21BrO2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C21H21BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 22.175(2) Å, b = 5.8375(6) Å, c = 14.8729(14) Å, β = 100.936(1)°, V = 1890.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0343, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0839, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology , Nanyang Institute of Technology , 473004 , Nanyang , Henan , People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering , Nanyang Institute of Technology , 473004 , Nanyang , Henan , People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Li
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine , Nanyang Institute of Technology , 473004 , Nanyang , Henan , P. R. China
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Sirakanyan SN, Geronikaki A, Kartsev VG, Hakobyan EK, Hovakimyan AA. One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Oxocycloalka[c]pyridines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Khan S, Kale M, Siddiqui F, Nema N. Novel pyrimidine-benzimidazole hybrids with antibacterial and antifungal properties and potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike glycoprotein. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8274991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to synthesize and characterize pyrimidine-linked benzimidazole hybrids, define their antimicrobial and antifungal activities in vitro, and determine their ability to inhibit the main protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods The ability of the synthesized compounds to inhibit the main protease and spike glycoprotein inhibitory of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated by assessing their mode of binding to the allosteric site of the enzyme using molecular docking. The structures of pyrimidine-linked benzimidazole derivatives synthesized with microwave assistance were confirmed by spectral analysis. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by broth dilution. Results Gram-negative bateria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were more sensitive than gram-positive bateria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) to the derivatives. Candida albicans was sensitive to the derivatives at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL. The novel derivatives had better binding affinity (kcal/mol) than nelfinavir, lopinavir, ivermectin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, which are under investigation as treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compounds 2c, 2e, and 2g formed four hydrogen bonds with the active cavity of the main protease. Many derivatives had good binding affinity for the RBD of the of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with the formation of up to four hydrogen bonds. Conclusion We synthesized novel pyrimidine-linked benzi-midazole derivatives that were potent antimicrobial agents with ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Understanding the pharmacophore features of the main protease and spike glycoprotein offers much scope for the development of more potent agents. We plan to optimize the properties of the derivatives using models in vivo and in vitro so that they will serve as more effective therapeutic options against bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Bansal Y, Minhas R, Singhal A, Arora RK, Bansal G. Benzimidazole: A Multifacted Nucelus for Anticancer Agents. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210208141107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of cells, dedifferentiation,
invasiveness and metastasis. Endothelial growth factor (eGF), insulin-like growth factor
(IGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), checkpoint kinase 1 & 2 ( Chk1 & Chk2), aurora kinases,
topoisomerases, histone deacetylators (HDAC), poly(ADP-Ribose)polymerase (PARP), farnesyl
transferases, RAS-MAPK pathway and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, are some of the
prominent mediators implicated in the proliferation of tumor cells. Huge artillery of natural
and synthetic compounds as anticancer, which act by inhibiting one or more of the enzymes
and/or pathways responsible for the progression of tumor cells, is reported in the literature.
The major limitations of anticancer agents used in clinics as well as of those under development
in literature are normal cell toxicity and other side effects due to lack of specificity.
Hence, medicinal chemists across the globe have been working for decades to develop potent and safe anticancer
agents from natural sources as well as from different classes of heterocycles. Benzimidazole is one of the most important
and explored heteronucelus because of their versatility in biological actions as well as synthetic applications
in medicinal chemistry. The structural similarity of amino derivatives of benzimidazole with purines makes it a fascinating
nucleus for the development of anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-HIV agents. This review article is an attempt
to critically analyze various reports on benzimidazole derivatives acting on different targets to act as anticancer so as
to understand the structural requirements around benzimidazole nucleus for each target and enable medicinal chemists
to promote rational development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Ankit Singhal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Radhey Krishan Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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Regioselective synthesis of spirobarbiturate-dihydrofurans and dihydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines via one-pot cascade reaction of barbiturate-based olefins and ethyl acetoacetate. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Mansour MA, Lasheen DS, Gaber HM, Abouzid KAM. Elaborating piperazinyl-furopyrimidine based scaffolds as phosphoinositol-3-kinase enzyme alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors to combat pancreatic cancer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32103-32112. [PMID: 35518146 PMCID: PMC9056536 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositol-3-kinase enzyme (PI3K) plays a crucial role in driving oncogenic growth in various mammalian cells, particularly pancreatic cells. In the current study a series of novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine based-compounds were designed and synthesized as potential PI3K-α inhibitors. In accordance to the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of known PI3K-α inhibitors, different linkers including amide, urea and ether were attached to a piperazinyl furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine core. The synthesized compounds that revealed moderate PI3K-α inhibitory activity were tested for their anti-proliferative activities against pancreatic carcinoma on the PANC-1 cell line. Compounds 7b and 8a showed the highest anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 4.5 μM and 6 μM, respectively and relatively, the best in vitro PI3K inhibition ability within the newly synthesized compounds. Additionally, all the newly synthesized final compounds were tested on 60 human cancer cell lines. A docking study was carried out on the PI3K-α active site showing a comparable binding mode to that of FDA approved PI3K-α inhibitors. These newly discovered lipid kinase inhibitors could be considered as potential candidates for the development of new targeted anticancer agents. Phosphoinositol-3-kinase alpha (PI3K-α) enzyme inhibition to combat pancreatic cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Hatem M Gaber
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt .,Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City Sadat City Menoufia Egypt
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11
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Li T, Song X. AlCl
3
‐Promoted Stereospecific Cloke‐Wilson Rearrangement of Spirocyclopropyl Barbiturates for the Synthesis of Substituted Dihydrofuro[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Minli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University No.100 Science Avenue Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Novel 5'-Norcarbocyclic Derivatives of Bicyclic Pyrrolo- and Furano[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Nucleosides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102654. [PMID: 30332788 PMCID: PMC6222425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and biological activity of new 5′-norcarbocyclic derivatives of bicyclic pyrrolo- and furano[2,3-d]pyrimidines with different substituents in the heterocyclic ring. Lead compound 3i, containing 6-pentylphenyl substituent, displays inhibitory activity with respect to a number of tumor cells with a moderate selectivity index value. Compound 3i induces cell death by the apoptosis pathway with the dissipation of mitochondrial potential.
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Hossam M, Lasheen DS, Ismail NSM, Esmat A, Mansour AM, Singab ANB, Abouzid KAM. Discovery of anilino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as dual inhibitors of EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase and their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:330-348. [PMID: 29275232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Being responsible for the development of many cancer types, EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and HER2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2) were the focus of this study where a series of novel 4-anilino-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. Modification of the solvent accessible 5-position side chain greatly affected the in-vitro EGFR/HER2 inhibitory activity. Three derivatives bearing 5-carboxylic acid side chain, namely the 3-chloroanilino derivative (8c), the 3-bromoaniline (8d) and the lapatinib analogue (10) demonstrated the most significant submicromolar EGFR inhibition. Surprisingly, the in-vitro assay of the ester 7h and its acid analogue 10 showed a significant variation of results between the antiproliferative activity against A549 cell line (IC50 0.5 and 21.4 μM) respectively and EGFR inhibitory activity (18% and 100%) respectively, suggesting that 7h might be a prodrug for 10. This assumption was also affirmed by the in-vivo results, where the in-vivo antitumor assessment against EAC (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) solid tumor model revealed that 7h and 8d (10 mg/kg dose) exhibited antitumor activity comparable to that of gefitinib at the same dose, exhibiting TGI% of 67%, 71% and 70%, respectively. This effect could be explained, at least partly, via activation of apoptosis, where 7h and 8d caused more than 2-fold increase of caspase 3 and cytochrome c expression than the control group which is comparable to that of gefitinib-treated group. Finally, 7h was the most effective apoptotic inducer, resulting in a significant elevation in annexin V-FITC-positive apoptotic cells (both early and late apoptosis) by 25 and 79-folds, respectively, compared to control, which is higher than that of gefitinib (22 and 61-folds, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Hossam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nasser S M Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Enaminonitrile as Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Novel 4H-Furo[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one and Furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5610707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Amino-4,5-diphenylfuran-3-carbonitrile 1 was utilized as building block for the construction of new furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivative 2 and 4H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one derivative 3 via treatment with acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride, respectively. The 4H-furo[2,3-d][1,3]oxazin-4-one derivative 3 was transformed into novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 4–8, tetrazolylfuran derivative 10, and furo[3,2-d]imadazolone derivative 11 via reaction with various nitrogen nucleophiles. The structure features of the synthesized compounds were established from their spectral and elemental analyses.
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