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Zala AR, Kumar D, Razakhan U, Rajani DP, Ahmad I, Patel H, Kumari P. Molecular modeling and biological investigation of novel s-triazine linked benzothiazole and coumarin hybrids as antimicrobial and antimycobacterial agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3814-3825. [PMID: 37218082 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2216293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of s-triazine linked benzothiazole and coumarin hybrids (6a-6d, 7a-7d, and 8a-8d) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The compound's in vitro antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities were also evaluated. Remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC in the range of 12.5-62.5 μM and antifungal activity of 100-200 μM were demonstrated by in vitro antimicrobial analysis. Compounds 6b, 6d, 7b, 7d, and 8a strongly inhibited all bacterial strains, while 6b, 6c, and 7d had good to moderate efficacy against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Synthesized hybrids are observed in the active pocket of the S. aureus dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme, according to a molecular docking investigations. Among the docked compounds, 6d had a strong interaction and a greater binding affinity, and the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes was examined using molecular dynamic simulation with various settings at 100 ns. The proposed compounds successfully maintained their molecular interaction and structural integrity inside the S. aureus dihydropteroate synthase, according to the MD simulation analysis. These in silico analyses supported the in vitro antibacterial results of compound 6d, which demonstrated outstanding in vitro antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains. In the quest for new antibacterial drug-like molecules, compounds 6d, 7b, and 8a have been identified as promising lead compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajayrajsinh R Zala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Uvais Razakhan
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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2
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Aljabali AAA, Gupta G, Negi P, Kapoor DN, Singh I, Zacconi FC, Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Silva MW, Bakshi HA, Chellappan DK, Tambuwala MM, Dua K. Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5‐triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:837-858. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Dehradun India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry Uttaranchal University Dehradun India
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Organica, faculdad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | - Mateus Webba Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Dua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N. Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Triazine Scaffold and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:4-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a six-membered hydrocarbon ring system and if three carbon-hydrogen units of benzene ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms then triazine is formed. Triazines are present in three isomeric forms 1,2,3- triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine according to the position of the nitrogen atom. These are weak bases having weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazine is an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous synthetic derivatives of triazine have been prepared and evaluated for a wide spectrum of biological activities in different models with desired findings such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. Triazine analogs have exposed potent pharmacological activity. So, triazine nucleus may be considered as an interesting core moiety for researchers for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab, India
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Kanchanadevi S, Fronczek FR, Arun V, Mahalingam V. Crystal structure of bis[(((4-fluorophenyl)amino)methyl)triphenylphosphonium] tetrachloridocobaltate(II), C 50H 44Cl 4CoF 2N 2P 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C50H44Cl4CoF2N2P2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 18.4662(6) Å, b = 15.2888(5) Å, c = 33.2661(10) Å, V = 9391.9(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 180.0(5) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kanchanadevi
- Research and Development Centre , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore-641046, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Frank R. Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA 70803 , USA
| | - V. Arun
- Department of Chemistry , JCT College of Engineering and Technology , Coimbatore-641105, Tamilnadu , India
| | - V. Mahalingam
- Department of Chemistry , Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology , Coimbatore-641042, Tamilnadu , India
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Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular docking study of novel triazine-quinazolinone based hybrids. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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