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Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in dairy products with an inactivation trial using D-Tryptophan and ascorbic acid in the rice pudding. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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2
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Kim Y, Shin M, Kang J, Kang D. Effect of sub‐lethal treatment of carvacrol and thymol on virulence potential and resistance to several bactericidal treatments of
Staphylococcus aureus
. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun‐Won Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Dongguk University‐Seoul Goyang‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green Bio Science & Technology Seoul National University Pyeongchang‐gun Gangwon‐do Republic of Korea
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3
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Yamaguchi T. Antibacterial effect of the combination of terpenoids. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:520. [PMID: 35877010 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are natural compounds originating from five-carbon isoprene units. Over 60,000 terpenoid structures have been identified, and they contribute to the flavor, color, growth, and development of plants. There are several reports on various physiological activities of terpenoids, such as antioxidative and anticancer activities. This study revealed that combinations of terpenoids have activities against a spectrum of bacteria. The combination of carvacrol and thymol has bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. Four terpenoids (carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and nootkatone) exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities when used at low concentrations for 5‒10 min. The most effective bactericidal activity was observed for gram-negative bacteria. A very weak bactericidal activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. This study revealed the antibacterial potential of different combinations of terpenoids against several bacteria that were tested. Thus, new candidates for the development of antibacterial medicines are reported here for the effective treatment of infectious bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Koran Women's Junior College, 1 Chome-2-1Yokote, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1311, Japan.
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4
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Sinnelä MT, Pawluk AM, Jin YH, Kim D, Mah JH. Effect of Calcium and Manganese Supplementation on Heat Resistance of Spores of Bacillus Species Associated With Food Poisoning, Spoilage, and Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744953. [PMID: 34707595 PMCID: PMC8542979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spores often survive thermal processing used in the food industry, while heat treatment leads not only to a decrease in the nutritional and organoleptic properties of foods, but also to a delay in fermentation of fermented foods. Selective reduction of undesirable spores without such impediments is an ongoing challenge for food scientists. Thus, increased knowledge of the spore-forming bacteria is required to control them. In this study, the heat resistance results (D100°C) of the spores of four Bacillus species were determined and compared to previous literature, and found that B. cereus has significantly lower heat resistance than the other Bacillus species, B. coagulans, B. subtilis, and B. licheniformis. Using the spores of these strains, this study also evaluated the effects of single and combined supplementation of calcium (0.00–2.00 mM) and manganese (0.00–0.50 mM) on heat resistance (D100°C). The results revealed that the spores of B. licheniformis and B. cereus displayed the smallest heat resistance when sporulated on media rich in calcium. Conversely, B. coagulans spores and B. subtilis spores exhibited the greatest heat resistance when sporulated under calcium-rich conditions. The opposite results (stronger heat resistance for B. licheniformis spores and B. cereus spores, and smaller heat resistance for B. coagulans spores and B. subtilis spores) were obtained when the spores were formed on media poor in the minerals (particularly calcium). Based on the results, the Bacillus species were divided into two groups: B. licheniformis and B. cereus; and B. coagulans and B. subtilis. The study provides valuable insight to selectively reduce spores of undesirable Bacillus species in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young Hun Jin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Dabin Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Mah
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
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5
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Impact of shoulders on the calculus of heat sterilization treatments with different bacterial spores. Food Microbiol 2020; 94:103663. [PMID: 33279088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, heat is still the most used technology in food preservation. The calculus of heat treatments is usually based on Bigelow observations i.e. treatment time is an exponential function of the heat treatment temperature. However, a number of researchers have reported deviations from linearity in heat inactivation curves that caused errors in the calculus. This research was designed to evaluate the variability of shoulder length among different sporulated species, the impact of treatment temperature on these shoulders and the relationship between the traditional DT value and shoulder length. The heat inactivation kinetics of five bacterial spores of importance for the food industry was evaluated. B. weihenstephanensis and B. cereus did not show shoulders and DT values calculated ranged from 0.99 to 0.23 and from 1.33 to 0.56 respectively at temperatures from 100 to 102.5 °C. On the other side B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and G. stearothermophilus showed shoulders of 1.75-0.42, 1.92-0.43 and 3.22-0.78 and DT values of 1.52-0.32, 2.12-0.59 and 2.22-0.48 respectively in the range of temperatures tested. From the results obtained it was concluded that the presence and magnitude of shoulders depended on the bacterial spore species, the longest being those on the bacterial spores which showed greatest heat resistance. It has also been proved that shoulder lengths vary with treatment temperature in the same proportion of traditional DT values, with the relationship Sl/DT being constant. Thus, an equation which included the constant Sl/DT was proposed.
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6
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Effect of thymoquinone on the resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii to environmental stresses and antibiotics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Ruiz MB, Eguizábal GV, Villarreal DP, Busso JM, López AG. Inhibitory action of thymol on fecal microbial activity in Tamandua tetradactyla and its effect on glucocorticoid metabolite measurement. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 280:91-96. [PMID: 31002827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Faecal glucocorticoid measurement is a potentially important tool for improving wildlife conservation, but its use is still limited by methodological issues including the need to avoid modifications of steroids by faecal microorganisms during storage. The freezing of faeces is recommended as a means of avoiding such alterations, but this is costly under non-controlled environmental conditions. The present study was designed to determine whether the application of thymol reduced the proliferation of microorganisms in the faeces of Tamandua tetradactyla and whether it influenced faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) measurements. Tamandua tetradactyla faeces were individually collected after defaecation, divided into fractions (5.5 g each) and kept in sealed glass Petri dishes at 22 ± 2 °C. A thymol solution (550 µL; 5 mg g-1 feces; 80% ethanol) or an 80% ethanol solution (550 µL, control) was added before storage of faeces. Negative controls for FGM consisted of samples without thymol or ethanol solutions. All samples were evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-defaecation. Thymol was first incubated with a glucocorticoid standard in a faeces-free tube or in a faecal sample in order to determine whether it interfered with FGM measurements. Data showed that thymol did not affect FGM measurements. Post-defaecation time caused a significant reduction in FGM measurements in the negative control, an increment at 48 h in the control, and no change in FGM measurements in thymol treatment. FGM measurements were significantly different between groups (negative control > control - treatment). Thymol caused a significant reduction of up to three orders of magnitude in total coliforms, total aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria, mold and yeast per gram of faeces at 24, 48 and 72 h. The reduction in microbial activity presumably contributed to the stability of FGM over time. Spore-forming bacteria (SFB) in faeces were not reduced by thymol. We propose thymol as an alternative to freezing since it stabilizes FGMs for at least 3 days after collection in the faeces of Tamandua tetradactyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela B Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina; Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), FCEFyN, UNC and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gabina V Eguizábal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), FCEFyN, UNC and CONICET, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Busso
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), FCEFyN, UNC and CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Abel G López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
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8
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Abstract
Nootkatone is one of the sesquiterpenes contained in citrus peels, especially in grapefruits. It is known that nootkatone has various physiological activities such as antioxidative and antifibrotic actions. This study showed that nootkatone, a natural sesquiterpene, exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Bacillus cereus, with the antibacterial effect against C. diphtheriae being most pronounced. However, no growth-inhibitory effects or bactericidal activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the bactericidal activity of nootkatone at a high concentration was observed against Gram-positive bacilli. These results suggested that nootkatone may exert an antibacterial effect by targeting cell wall structures or a particular metabolite. Moreover, even at a low concentration (0.25 mM), nootkatone was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, this study demonstrated antibacterial efficacy for nootkatone against Gram-positive bacteria, indicating that nootkatone could be a potential candidate for the development of new antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Junior College, Sagami Women's University, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Gurtler JB, Fan X, Jin T, Niemira BA. Influence of Antimicrobial Agents on the Thermal Sensitivity of Foodborne Pathogens: A Review. J Food Prot 2019; 82:628-644. [PMID: 30917037 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Consumers are demanding more natural and organic foods and ingredients. Many additives alone are insufficient to inactivate pathogens or prevent growth. Mild heat combined with antimicrobial agents synergistically inactivate pathogens. Here we review studies using thermally assisted antimicrobial inactivation. Many opportunities exist for the application of this hurdle technology in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Gurtler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Xuetong Fan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Tony Jin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
| | - Brendan A Niemira
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-7794 [J.B.G.])
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10
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Daqu Fermentation Selects for Heat-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Bacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01483-18. [PMID: 30120119 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01483-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Daqu is a spontaneous solid-state cereal fermentation used as saccharification and starter culture in Chinese vinegar and liquor production. The evolution of microbiota in this spontaneous fermentation is controlled by the temperature profile, which reaches temperatures from 50 to 65°C for several days. Despite these high temperatures, mesophilic Enterobacteriaceae (including Cronobacter) and bacilli are present throughout Daqu fermentation. This study aimed to determine whether Daqu spontaneous solid-state fermentation selects for heat-resistant variants of these organisms. Heat resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is mediated by the locus of heat resistance (LHR). One LHR-positive strain of Kosakonia cowanii was identified in Daqu, and it exhibited higher heat resistance than the LHR-negative K. cowanii isolated from malted oats. Heat resistance in Bacillus endospores is mediated by the spoVA 2mob operon. Out of 10 Daqu isolates of the species Bacillus licheniformis, Brevibacillus parabrevis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus velezensis, 5 did not contain spoVA 2mob, 3 contained one copy, and 2 contained two copies. The presence and copy number of the spoVA 2mob operon increased the resistance of spores to treatment with 110°C. To confirm the selection of LHR- and spoVA 2mob-positive strains during Daqu fermentation, the copy numbers of these genetic elements in Daqu samples were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The abundance of LHR and the spoVA 2mob operon in community DNA relative to that of total bacterial 16S rRNA genes increased 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively, during processing. In conclusion, culture-dependent and culture-independent analyses suggest that Daqu fermentation selects for heat-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and bacilli.IMPORTANCE Daqu fermentations select for mobile genetic elements conferring heat resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and bacilli. The locus of heat resistance (LHR), a genomic island conferring heat resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, and the spoVA 2mob operon, conferring heat resistance on bacterial endospores, were enriched 3- to 5-fold during Daqu fermentation and maturation. It is therefore remarkable that the LHR and the spoVA 2mob operon are accumulated in the same food fermentation. The presence of heat-resistant Kosakonia spp. and Bacillus spp. in Daqu is not of concern for food safety; however, both genomic islands are mobile and transferable to pathogenic bacteria or toxin-producing bacteria by horizontal gene transfer. The identification of the LHR and the spoVA 2mob operon as indicators of fitness of Enterobacteriaceae and bacilli in Daqu fermentation provides insights into environmental sources of heat-resistant organisms that may contaminate the food supply.
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11
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den Besten HM, Wells-Bennik MH, Zwietering MH. Natural Diversity in Heat Resistance of Bacteria and Bacterial Spores: Impact on Food Safety and Quality. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:383-410. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidy M.W. den Besten
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon H.J. Wells-Bennik
- NIZO Food Research B.V., 6718 ZB, Ede, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. Zwietering
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Quality Changes and Shelf-Life Prediction of a Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Purple Smoothie. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Risks for public health related to the presence of Bacillus cereus and other Bacillus spp. including Bacillus thuringiensis in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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14
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Maté J, Periago PM, Palop A. When nanoemulsified, d-limonene reduces Listeria monocytogenes heat resistance about one hundred times. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Ros-Chumillas M, Esteban MD, Huertas JP, Palop A. Effect of Nisin and Thermal Treatments on the Heat Resistance of Clostridium sporogenes Spores. J Food Prot 2015; 78:2019-23. [PMID: 26555525 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of thermal treatments (isothermal or nonisothermal) combined with nisin, a natural antimicrobial, on the survival and recovery of Clostridium sporogenes spores. The addition of nisin to the heating medium at concentrations up to 0.1 mg liter(-1) did not reduce the heat resistance of C. sporogenes. Without a thermal treatment, nisin added at concentrations up to 0.1 mg liter(-1) did not reduce the viable counts of C. sporogenes when added to the recovery medium, but inactivation of more than 4 log cycles was achieved after only 3 s at 100°C. At 100°C, the time needed to reduce viable counts by more than 3 log cycles was nine times shorter when 0.01 mg liter(-1) nisin was added to the recovery medium than without it. The heat resistance values calculated under isothermal conditions were used to predict the survival in the nonisothermal experiments, and the predicted values accurately fit the experimental data. The combination of nisin with a thermal treatment can help control C. sporogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ros-Chumillas
- Departamento Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Esteban
- Departamento Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan-Pablo Huertas
- Departamento Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alfredo Palop
- Departamento Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
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