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Suo H, Xiao S, Wang B, Cai YX, Wang JH. Waste to Wealth: Dynamics and metabolic profiles of the conversion of jackfruit flake into value-added products by different fermentation methods. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101164. [PMID: 38328698 PMCID: PMC10847767 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Thus far, little is known about whether jackfruit flake, a byproduct of jackfruit, can be used as a fermentation substrate to obtain value-added products through microbial fermentation. Here, jackfruit flake puree was fermented by three different ways: spontaneous fermentation (JF), inoculated with LAB (JFL), inoculated co-fermentation with LAB and yeast (JFC). In contrast to JF, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content and syndrome-associated enzyme inhibition are significantly increased in JFC at the end of fermentation. Electronic tongue analysis revealed that the JFC was significantly lower in astringency and higher in bitterness. 41 volatile compounds were identified during fermentation by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and JFC was richer in honey, rose, and fruity flavors. A total of 290 compounds were screened for discriminative pre- and post-fermentation differential metabolites by non-target metabolomics analysis. These results provide a potential reference for the conversion of jackfruit waste into functional products using fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Suo
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yan-Xue Cai
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ji-Hui Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Prefabricated Food Innovation Development and Quality Control Key Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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Tadesse M, Ajibade FO, Minale M, Mekonnen A, Guadie A. Physicochemical and microbial community dynamics of Kocho fermented from different enset varieties in South West Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25621. [PMID: 38863879 PMCID: PMC11165236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is an indigenous multipurpose plant in Ethiopia. More than 20 % of people in Ethiopia rely on enset for their subsistence livelihood. Its fermentation produces a starchy food named Kocho, which is yet poorly studied. In this study, physicochemical and microbial community dynamics of Kocho fermented from different enset varieties (Maziya, Genna, and Arkiya) were collected at Dawro Zone (Southern Ethiopia). Samples were collected at various fermentation times (days 1-60) for physicochemical and microbial (culture-dependent and culture-independent) characterization. Results showed that increasing fermentation time has a significantly strong positive (R2 = 0.768, p = 0.004) correlation between titrable acidity, and a significantly strong negative association with pH (R2 = -0.715, p = 0.009), moisture (R2 = -0.982, p < 0.05), ash (R2 = -0.932, p < 0.05), fat (R2 = -0.861, p < 0.05), fiber (R2 = -0.981, p < 0.05) and carbohydrate (R2 = -0.994, p < 0.001) contents. An increasing or decreasing trend of physicochemical parameters observed during enset fermentation is significantly associated with microbial community dynamics. Shifts of microbial community observed during culture-dependent analysis were also confirmed by metagenomic results. During fermentation, Firmicutes (39-68 %) > Proteobacteria (7-53 %) > Cyanobacteria (7-24 %) were dominant phyla in the three enset varieties. Gamma (traditional starter culture) is dominated by Lactobacillus plantrum and Lactobacillus manihotivorans most probably the two species that play a significant role in initiating enset fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melesse Tadesse
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, 138, Ethiopia
| | - Fidelis Odedishemi Ajibade
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB, 704, Nigeria
| | - Mengist Minale
- Depertment of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Climate Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, 40, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Mekonnen
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia
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Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Montemurro M, Rizzello CG, Franz CMAP. The Weissella and Periweissella genera: up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, safety, biotechnological, and probiotic potential. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289937. [PMID: 38169702 PMCID: PMC10758620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genera Weissella and Periweissella are lactic acid bacteria, which emerged in the last decades for their probiotic and biotechnological potential. In 2015, an article reviewing the scientific literature till that date on the taxonomy, ecology, and biotechnological potential of the Weissella genus was published. Since then, the number of studies on this genus has increased enormously, several novel species have been discovered, the taxonomy of the genus underwent changes and new insights into the safety, and biotechnological and probiotic potential of weissellas and periweissellas could be gained. Here, we provide an updated overview (from 2015 until today) of the taxonomy, ecology, safety, biotechnological, and probiotic potential of these lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Montemurro
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Seboka DW, Bejiga AT, Turunesh DJ, Turito AA, Girma A. Microbial and Physicochemical Dynamics of Kocho, Fermented Food from Enset. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:6645989. [PMID: 37901594 PMCID: PMC10602703 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6645989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20 million Ethiopians depend on enset (Ensete ventricosum) as a staple or costaple food. "Kocho," "Bulla," and "Amicho" are the three main food types obtained from enset. This review aimed to summarize the physicochemical and microbial dynamics of kocho. It is the most common food obtained from the scraped pseudostem and decorticated corm of enset after a long period of fermentation. The quality of kocho depends on the maturity of the enset plant, the enset processing method, the fermentation period, and the dynamics of microorganisms during the fermentation process. Microorganisms play a significant role in kocho fermentation to enhance its nutritional quality, improve sensory properties, and reduce spoilage and disease-causing agents. The populations of microbes available in kocho fermentation include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), yeasts and molds, and Clostridium spp., which have both positive and negative impacts on kocho quality. There is a visible variation in microbial dynamics during kocho fermentation caused by the fermentation period. As the fermentation day increases, species of LAB also increase, whereas counts of Enterobacteriaceae decrease. This is due to a decrease in pH, which leads to an increase in titratable acidity. Moisture content also slightly decreases as fermentation progresses. Dynamics in the microbial population and physicochemical parameters ensure the development of desirable qualities in kocho and enhance the acceptability of the final product. Organic acids (such as lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid), bacteriocins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins are bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms during Kocho fermentation. Further research is needed on the molecular identification of microorganisms during Kocho fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereba Workineh Seboka
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box. 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Tabor Bejiga
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box. 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Debela Jufar Turunesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box. 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Andualem Arimo Turito
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box. 121, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Abayeneh Girma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box. 32, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
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Duguma HT, Mamuye M, Berecha G, Kolk JVD. Purdue improved crop storage bag for kocho fermentation; Ethiopian traditional fermented food from Enset ( Ensete ventricosum). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19301. [PMID: 37681173 PMCID: PMC10480599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosm) is a multipurpose crop serving millions of Ethiopians as an alternative food source. However, the traditional kocho preparation is labor-intensive and results in poor quality. This study evaluated Purdue improved crop storage (PICS) bag as an alternative to an underground pit for kocho fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a factorial design with two fermentation systems (underground pit and PICS bag) and three fermentation times (30, 45 & 60 days) with 5 replications. Physico-chemical, proximate composition, microbial, and sensory evaluations of kocho were conducted following standard procedures. The results have revealed that protein and moisture contents were increased with fermentation time while crude fiber, carbohydrate, and total energy were decreased regardless of fermentation systems. The microbial results have demonstrated a reduction with extended fermentation but no significant difference between PICS and the underground pit. The sensory results have shown that PICS bag-fermented kocho has better overall sensory acceptability regardless of fermentation time. Generally, PICS bag-fermented kocho for 60 days has shown overall better kocho quality. The finding revealed that PICS bags could be used as an alternative to the traditional underground pit for better kocho quality. Further validation of the PICS bag as a fermentation container with various enset varieties and seasons with extended fermentation time is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Tesfaye Duguma
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Melkamu Mamuye
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Gezahegn Berecha
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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Berhanu M, Desalegn A, Birri DJ, Ashenafi M, Tigu F. Microbial, physicochemical and proximate analysis of Tej collected from Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16911. [PMID: 37332921 PMCID: PMC10275989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tej is an Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverage with significant social and economic importance. Due to the spontaneous fermentation process of Tej, several issues such as safety, quality, and physicochemical properties of the final products is rquired to be assessed. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the microbial quality, physicochemical, and proximate properties of Tej associated with different maturity time. The microbial, physicochemical and proximate analyses were carried out by standard protocol. Lactic acid bacteria (6.30 log CFU/mL) and yeast (6.22 log CFU/mL) were the dominat microorganisms of all Tej samples at different maturity time, with significant differences (p = 0.001) in mean microbial count among samples. The mean pH, titratable acidity and ethanol content of Tej samples were 3.51, 0.79 and 11.04% (v/v), respectively. There were significant differences (p = 0.001) among the mean pH and titratable acidity values. The mean proximate compositions (%) of Tej samples were as follows: moisture (91.88), ash (0.65), protein (1.38), fat (0.47) and carbohydrate (3.91). Statistically significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed in proximate compositions of Tej samples from different maturity time. Generally, Tej maturity time has a great impact on the improvement of nutrient composition and the increment of the acidic contents which in turn suppress the growth of unwanted microorganisms. Further evaluation of the biological, and chemical safety and development of yeast-LAB starter culture are strongly recommended to improve Tej fermentation in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Berhanu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Desalegn
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Mogessie Ashenafi
- Center for Food Security Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Tigu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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The Metabolite Profiling and Microbial Community Dynamics during Pineapple By-Product Fermentation Using Co-Inoculation of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Value-added utilization of pineapple waste is very import for the food industry and environmental protection. In this study, whey protein (2.6%, w/w) was added to pineapple waste in order to make up for the protein deficiency of the raw material and give the final products better flavor characteristics. Autochthonous Lactococcus lactis LA5 and Hanseniaspora opuntiae SA2 were used for the co-inoculation of pineapple by-products; during fermentation, the metabolite profiling and microbial community dynamics were investigated. Results showed that the contents of organic acids, total FAAs, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids significantly increased with fermentation, and 152 kinds of peptides were identified in the final products. Relevant analyses demonstrated that dominant strains including Lactococcus lactis, Hanseniaspora and Saccharomyces not only significantly promoted the accumulation of organic acids, total phenols and other active substances, but also inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria and further influenced the fermentation process of pineapple waste.
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Levels of selected trace metals in enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.), Cheesman) (Unprocessed and processed) and soil of siltie zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yinebeb M, Lulekal E, Bekele T. Composition of homegarden plants and cultural use in an indigenous community in Northwest Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:47. [PMID: 35725611 PMCID: PMC9210745 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homegardens in Northern Ethiopia received little investigation into the diversity of plants and no study and recording in the Gozamin District. This study was used to fill the gap in how cultural use and cultural importance conserve species diversity in homegardens in the different agroclimatic zones in northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS The study district and 12 kebeles were chosen using multistage and stratified random selection procedures based on traditional agroclimatic zones in the Gozamin District, Northwest Ethiopia, respectively. The number of plots chosen in each homegarden was determined by the homegarden's size, which ranges from 0.015 to 0.5 ha. These data were gathered by putting plots with a distance gradient from home (size: 10 × 10 m each). A semi-structured interview and complete plant inventory were conducted to document the informant's knowledge of plant species. Sørensen's similarity indices and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were used to compare the similarity of sites and three agroclimatic zones, respectively. Direct matrix ranking, cultural importance (CI), the relative frequency of citation, and cultural value were used in quantitative analysis to compare the most common multipurpose plants. RESULTS A total of 238 culturally important plant species from 81 families were identified. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference among the three agroclimatic zones species diversity (H = 103.4, Hc = 111.2, p < 0.05). Of the total plant species recorded, 59% were reported to be utilized for environmental uses, 35% were food crops, and 35% were medicinal plant species. The same was true for the three agroclimatic zones; food and medicinal uses were the first and second most important use categories, respectively. The similarity index for 64% of the sites investigated was less than 0.5. Cordia africana (FC = 125) was the most culturally significant species with a value of 2.23 on the CI index. CONCLUSION Homegardens are multifunctional systems. The presence of different agroclimatic zones, cultural uses, cultural importance, and cultural value of the species are central to conserving plant species in the area. As the size of the garden increases, so does the diversity of species and uses. Our findings suggest that conservation strategies should take into account the links between plant composition and cultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metsehet Yinebeb
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Biology Department, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Bekele
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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The Neglected Traditional Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Crop Landraces for the Sustainable Livelihood of the Local People in Southern Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:6026763. [PMID: 35535138 PMCID: PMC9078839 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6026763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum, Musaceae) is a neglected traditional multipurpose crop plant critical for Ethiopian food security. It has drawn a lot of attention in the last few years. This study was undertaken on the morphological diversity among the enset landraces and their cultural use for the livelihood of the people in Southern Ethiopia. The study was administered in four purposively selected kebeles of the Mareka District. A total of 145 individuals were interviewed using semistructured interviews, and field observation has also occurred. The descriptors for enset developed by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources were used to measure the morphological features. This study found twenty-two enset landraces. Landraces were categorized into five groups based on their morphological trait variability. The highest mean was in cluster five, while the lowest was in cluster three. The highest landrace diversity was found in Ocha (n = 2.28) and the lowest in Guta (n = 2.17). This study confirmed that the study area has a diverse range of ecosystems. However, a reduction in production and the loss of some landraces were observed. As a result, the protection and preservation of enset landraces must be a priority for all responsible entities.
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Gemeda B, Tesfaye G, Simachew A, Andualem B, Wang A, Guadie A. Microbial community shifts association with physicochemical parameters: Visualizing enset bacterial wilt from different states of enset health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114084. [PMID: 34773777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt of enset caused by Xanthomonas campestris is a devastating disease in Ethiopia, where enset is domesticated and served as a staple food for about 20 million people in the country. While enset is infected by bacteria, it shows different wilting stages. However, the microbial community shifts at the different stages of enset infection and associated physicochemical parameter changes remain poorly understood. This study was aimed to visualize the proportion of enset wilt bacterium from other microbial community and its association with physicochemical parameter at different states of enset health. Soil and enset (zero, first, second and third stages) samples were collected from three districts in Gamo Highlands for physicochemical and biological (culture dependent and16S rRNA gene sequence) analysis. The results of culture dependent analysis which has been complemented by 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that increasing trends were observed for Xanthomonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Flavobacteriaceae, while Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae showed progressive decrease from zero to the third stage. Particularly, the 16S rRNA data showed that Xanthomonadaceae increased significantly from zero to different (2.5 × 102 times at the onset of disease and 1.0-2.0 × 104 times at the second and third) stages of enset infection. Most physicochemical results showed that a decreasing trends from zero to third stage, while few parameters are showing an increasing trend. Moisture content (R2 ≥ 0.951, P ≤ 0.049) of the soil and plant samples positively influenced Xanthomonas abundance, while this bacterium showed a strongly negative significant correlation with pH (R2 ≥ -0.962, P ≤ 0.038), temperature (R2 ≥ -0.958, P ≤ 0.042), OM (R2 ≥ -0.952, P ≤ 0.048), and TN (R2 ≥ -0.951, P ≤ 0.049). A strongly negative significant correlation (R2 ≥ -0.948, P ≤ 0.050) was also observed between Xanthomonas and nutrients (K, Mg, Ca, and Cu). Overall, this study implies that different environmental factors found a key driving force of Xanthomonas proportional increment from low abundance at zero stage to higher abundance at the last stage of enset infection suggesting that considering these factors help to design an effective enset disease management strategy, for which further studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Gemeda
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia; Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Tesfaye
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Simachew
- Addis Ababa University, Institute of Biotechnology, Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Andualem
- University of Gonder, Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Ethiopia
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Awoke Guadie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, 21, Ethiopia; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Desta DT, Kelikay GN, Zekwos M, Eshete M, Reda HH, Alemayehu FR, Zula AT. Influence of fermentation time on proximate composition and microbial loads of Enset, ( Ensete ventricosum), sampled from two different agroecological districts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5641-5647. [PMID: 34646533 PMCID: PMC8497836 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In southern Ethiopian households, kocho is one of the staple foods which can be kept longer and fermented naturally using locally prepared pits, but evidence about the influences of fermentation of kocho at a different time and agroecology on proximate compositions and microbial loads are limited. Fermented kocho samples at different fermentation times were collected from highland and midland districts of Sidama region of Ethiopia. The standard procedure of AOAC (2005) method was followed. Four microbiological load analyses were conducted. Factorial analysis using JMP 13 was conducted. Across the fermentation time, total carbohydrate, ash, crude protein, and crude fat ranged 36%-40%, 1.9%-3.2%, 3%-4.3%, and 0.1%-0.3%, respectively. The highest total ash content was observed in week one of fermentation both in midland and highland samples. However, in midland, the increment of fermentation time showed a reduction of total ash percentage. Crude protein and fat were observed similar both in midland and highland (p > .05). The titrable acidity of Kocho varied from 0.16% to 0.22%. It was shown that it increased in the first three months of fermentation. It was also found to be increased as the fermentation time is increasing. Aerobic mesophilic, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and mold were highly observed in Kocho as compared to Enterobacteriaceae. The loads varied across the fermentation time. Enterobacteriaceae and yeast and mold count of Kocho decreased with increased fermentation time. In conclusion, agroecology did not affect crude protein percentage as the fermentation time is increased. However, it was shown that fermentation increases protein and fat percentages. The increment of the acidic contents may also suppress the microbial growth for better food safety of kocho products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derese Tamiru Desta
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Gezhagn Nigusse Kelikay
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Meskelu Zekwos
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Mesfin Eshete
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Hailu Hailemariam Reda
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Fikadu Reta Alemayehu
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| | - Aemiro Tadesse Zula
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyAcademic Center of Excellence for NutritionHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
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Mitiku AA, Andeta AF, Borremans A, Lievens B, Bossaert S, Crauwels S, Aernouts B, Kechero Y, Van Campenhout L. Silage making of maize stover and banana pseudostem under South Ethiopian conditions: evolution of pH, dry matter and microbiological profile. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1477-1488. [PMID: 32705812 PMCID: PMC7415364 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the microbial dynamics during silage of maize stover and banana pseudostem in the environmental conditions of southern Ethiopia. To meet this objective, microsilos containing either maize stover or banana pseudostem, both with and without molasses, were prepared. Subsequently, samples were analysed on day 0, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 of the fermentation process. As a result, on day 7, all treatments except banana pseudostem without molasses showed a significant reduction in pH. It was also this silage type that supported the growth of Enterobacteriaceae longer than three other silage types, i.e. until 30 days. The yeasts and moulds and the Clostridum endospore counts also showed a reducing trend in early fermentation and afterwards remained constant until day 90. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that Leuconostoc, Buttiauxella species and Enterobacteriaceae were the most abundant bacteria in the initial phases of the fermentation. Later on, Buttiauxella, Lactobacillus, Weissella and Bifidobacterium species were found to be dominant. In conclusion, silage of the two crop by-products is possible under South Ethiopian conditions. For banana pseudostem, the addition of molasses is crucial for a fast fermentation, in contrast to maize. Upscaling needs to be investigated for the two by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Azage Mitiku
- Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsLab4FoodKU LeuvenGeel CampusGeelBelgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Animal SciencesCollege of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityArba MinchEthiopia
| | - Addisu Fekadu Andeta
- Department of BiologyCollege of Natural SciencesArba Minch UniversityArba MinchEthiopia
| | - An Borremans
- Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsLab4FoodKU LeuvenGeel CampusGeelBelgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME and BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenDe Nayer CampusSint‐Katelijne WaverBelgium
| | - Sofie Bossaert
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME and BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenDe Nayer CampusSint‐Katelijne WaverBelgium
| | - Sam Crauwels
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME and BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenDe Nayer CampusSint‐Katelijne WaverBelgium
| | - Ben Aernouts
- Department of BiosystemsLivestock TechnologyKU LeuvenGeel CampusGeelBelgium
| | - Yisehak Kechero
- Department of Animal SciencesCollege of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityArba MinchEthiopia
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsLab4FoodKU LeuvenGeel CampusGeelBelgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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14
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Tamrat S, Borrell JS, Biswas MK, Gashu D, Wondimu T, Vásquez-Londoño CA, Heslop-Harrison PJS, Demissew S, Wilkin P, Howes MJR. Micronutrient composition and microbial community analysis across diverse landraces of the Ethiopian orphan crop enset. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109636. [PMID: 33233215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a major starch staple and food security crop for 20 million people. Despite substantial diversity in morphology, genetics, agronomy and utilization across its range, nutritional characteristics have only been reported in relatively few landraces. Here, we survey nutritional composition in 22 landraces from three enset growing regions. We present mineral characterization of enset corm tissue, free amino acid characterization of raw and processed (fermented) tissues and genomic analysis of the microbial community associated with fermentation. We show that compared to regionally important tubers and cereals, enset is high in calcium, iron, potassium and zinc and low in sodium. We report changes in free amino acid composition due to processing, and establish that the bacteria genera Acetobacter, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, predominate during fermentation. Nutritional and microbial variation presents opportunities to select for improved composition, quality and safety with potentially significant impacts in food security and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tamrat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Dilla University, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | | | - Manosh K Biswas
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Dawd Gashu
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Wondimu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Sebsebe Demissew
- Department of Biology, Dilla University, SNNPR, Ethiopia; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK; Gullele Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 153/1029, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul Wilkin
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
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15
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Koricha AD, Han DY, Bacha K, Bai FY. Diversity and distribution of yeasts in indigenous fermented foods and beverages of Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3630-3638. [PMID: 32201947 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the origin centers of domesticated plants in the world, Ethiopia is rich in diversified fermented foods and beverages, in which yeasts are usually among the essential functional microorganisms. This study aims to investigate yeast species diversity and distribution in indigenous fermented products in Ethiopia using conventional isolation and molecular identification methods. RESULT Yeast cell counts in 221 samples of various Ethiopian traditional fermented products, including fermented staple foods, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, and condiments, were compared using the typical dilution plating method. A total of 475 yeast isolates were recovered from these samples and 41 yeast species belonging to 25 genera were identified from yeast isolates using the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit of rRNA gene. Candida humilis, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the most dominant species that were widely distributed among the majority of the fermented products analyzed in the current study. CONCLUSION Significant variations were encountered both in yeast cell counts, diversity, and distribution of yeast species among different types of fermented products and even among different samples of the same types of fermented products. It calls for a more extensive and systematic microbiological study of Ethiopian indigenous fermented foods, beverages and other related products that can be helpful for standardization and large-scale production of these foods in Ethiopia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbessa D Koricha
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Da-Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ketema Bacha
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Feng-Yan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Andeta AF, Teffera FE, Misganaw FW, Borremans A, Vandeweyer D, De Smedt A, Bossaert S, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Vancampenhout K, Van Campenhout L. Development and validation of lactic acid starter cultures for enset (Ensete ventricosum) fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper is a systemic review on enset plant’s role in Ethiopian people’s life as the source of food. This paper aims to summarize the traditional processing and preparation methods of enset-based foods and their nutritional composition.
Design/methodology/approach
Available scientific articles were collected and reviewed for enset plant evaluation, description, enset plant’s role in Ethiopian people’s food security, post harvesting and traditional processing of enset plants, microbiology of the fermented enset foods, different foods reported from enset, nutritional profile of the three food from enset base (kocho, bulla and amicho) and other non-food applications of enset plant.
Findings
Enset plant has a predominant role in people living in the southern part of Ethiopia. This plant is drought-tolerant and provides many non-food applications. Harvesting of the enset plant, preparing for fermentation and food preparations follow the traditional route by using the indigenous knowledge and practices. Limited studies have been reported on the microbiology of the enset fermentation, but various types of microbes have been reported. In case of nutritional composition, foods from enset are reported to contain high carbohydrate and minerals content, such as calcium, potassium and zinc, but limited protein content; they are also the best source of the essential amino acids such as lysine and leucine. Limited data are available on vitamins, anti-oxidant and fatty acids profiles of enset-based foods. The existing data indicate variations, and the reasons for variability are discussed in this paper.
Originality/value
Scientific reviews on enset food nutrition profile and related issues are scarce; this paper will compile information about enset plant-based foods for researchers for their future research.
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18
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Weldemichael H, Stoll D, Weinert C, Berhe T, Admassu S, Alemu M, Huch M. Characterization of the microbiota and volatile components of kocho, a traditional fermented food of Ethiopia. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01842. [PMID: 31206089 PMCID: PMC6558307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kocho is a traditional product in Ethiopia, prepared by fermenting parts of ‘false banana’ plants (Ensete ventricosum). Fermentation practices of kocho vary depending on the region of Ethiopia. In this study, 14 kocho samples originating from four different areas were investigated. They varied both in the fermentation technique and the duration of fermentation. Samples were analysed to determine the microbial community using culture-independent 16S amplicon high-throughput sequencing. In addition, bacterial strains were isolated and identified. Furthermore, the volatile profiles were characterized by HS-SPME treatment coupled with GC/MS. The results indicated that Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the most dominant genera during kocho fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis being the prevalent species of Lactobacillus. The analysis of the volatile profiles demonstrated that acetic acid and butanoic acid prevailed in all samples. Our results showed that kocho samples prepared in different areas and using different processing methods varied both in the composition of the microbiota and in their volatile profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weldemichael
- School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dominic Stoll
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Weinert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tesfemariam Berhe
- School of Animal and Range Science, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Admassu
- School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Alemu
- Ethiopian Agricultural Research Council Secretariat, P.O. Box 8115, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melanie Huch
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Andeta A, Vandeweyer D, Teffera E, Woldesenbet F, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Vancampenhout K, Van Campenhout L. Traditional starter cultures for enset fermentation: Unravelling their production and microbial composition. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Optimization of Enset Fermentation in the Production of Kocho Using Response Surface Methodology. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of enset fermentation process. Two numerical (time and amount of starter culture) and one categorical variable (types of starter strain) was used for evaluation of sensory quality of kocho. The physicochemical properties, proximate composition and color of kocho product were also analyzed. It was found that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the response variables were greater than 80% described that high percentage of the variability was defined by the model. These findings revealed that fermentation time, amount of starter culture and types of starter strain affected the sensory attributes of kocho. The preferred sensory quality of kocho was produced using 2% L. plantarum as starter strain at 6 days of fermentation time.
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21
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Andeta AF, Vandeweyer D, Teffera EF, Woldesenbet F, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Lievens B, Vancampenhout K, Van Campenhout L. Effect of fermentation system on the physicochemical and microbial community dynamics during enset (Ensete ventricosum) fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:842-853. [PMID: 30520189 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was conducted to assess the effect of three different fermentation systems on fermentation of enset into kocho. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine enset plants were processed, mixed and fermented in either a pit, a bamboo basket or a sauerkraut jar. Samples were taken on days 1, 7, 15, 31, 60 and 90. Moisture content and pH generally decreased and titratable acidity increased during fermentation. Total viable aerobic counts were generally high for all samples and Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced to below the detectable level after day 1 for the pits and jars and after day 7 for the baskets. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that Leuconostoc and Lactococcus spp. were the most abundant lactic acid bacteria in the initial phases of the fermentation. Later on, Lactobacillus, Weissella and Bifidobacterium dominated. CONCLUSIONS The type of fermentation system used had an effect on the microbial dynamics and the effect increased towards the end of fermentation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Millions of people in Ethiopia daily consume kocho prepared in either a pit or a basket. These systems show practical problems, but this study shows that fermentation is also possible in a sauerkraut jar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Andeta
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - D Vandeweyer
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E F Teffera
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - F Woldesenbet
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - C Verreth
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - S Crauwels
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - B Lievens
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne Waver, Belgium
| | - K Vancampenhout
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
| | - L Van Campenhout
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Technology Cluster Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Birmeta G, Bakeeva A, Passoth V. Yeasts and bacteria associated with kocho, an Ethiopian fermented food produced from enset (Ensete ventricosum). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2018; 112:651-659. [PMID: 30368690 PMCID: PMC6418067 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is the basis of the staple food consumed by about 20% of the Ethiopian population. Kocho is one of the food products generated from enset by spontaneous fermentation of decorticated and pulverized pseudostem and corm sections. We isolated culturable microbes associated with kocho from different stages of fermentation. Twelve yeast species, six lactic acid bacteria (LABs) species and eleven species of aerobic bacteria were identified by sequencing ITS/D1D2 regions of 26S rDNA of yeasts and 16S rDNA of bacteria, respectively. More yeast species were identified in fresh (fermented for 2–5 days) kocho, compared to long-term (7–12 months) fermented kocho, while we observed an opposite trend for LABs. In fresh kocho, the most frequently isolated yeast species were Pichia exigua, Galactomyces geotrichum, and Pichia fermentans. From mid-term (3–4 months) kocho most frequently Candida cabralensis, G. geotrichum, and Candida ethanolica were isolated. In the long-term fermentations, the most frequently isolated yeast was Saturnispora silva. Lactobacillus plantarum was the most frequently isolated LAB in both fresh and mid-term kocho. In long-term fermented kocho, Acetobacter pasteurianus and L. plantarum were most frequently isolated. L. plantarum was consistently isolated from all the three stages of fermentation. Aerobic bacteria in fresh kocho were mostly gram-negative, with Raoultella planticola and Pantoea agglomerans being the most frequently isolated species. In long-term fermented kocho, mainly gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus were found, among them also species of the Bacillus cereus group, Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thurigiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genet Birmeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Albina Bakeeva
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volkmar Passoth
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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